{"id":9149,"date":"2024-01-09T05:41:01","date_gmt":"2024-01-09T05:41:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9149"},"modified":"2024-01-09T05:41:04","modified_gmt":"2024-01-09T05:41:04","slug":"animal-constructions-and-technological-knowledge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/01\/09\/animal-constructions-and-technological-knowledge\/","title":{"rendered":"Animal Constructions and Technological Knowledge"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5728\u9019 \u201cAnimal Constructions and Technological Knowledge: Postphenomenology and the Philosophy of Technology<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u5728\u6574\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u751f\u614b\u548c\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b78\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u7522\u751f\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5df2\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002Ashley Shew \u7e5e\u958b\u4e86\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u6280\u8853\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u672a\u80fd\u8aaa\u660e\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u5275\u9020\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002Shew \u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7368\u81ea\u64c1\u6709\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u5979\u5c07\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u5ff5\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u689d\u6b3e human clause\u201d\uff08 P 2 \uff09\u3002\u5728\u6311\u6230\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u65e5\u76ca\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u6280\u8853\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u5979\u5f9e\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u9748\u9577\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u81ea 20 \u4e16\u7d00 60 \u5e74\u4ee3 Jane Goodall \u7684\u958b\u5275\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u52d5\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5df2\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c Shew \u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u9ed1\u7329\u7329\u7684\u879e\u87fb\u548c\u767d\u87fb\u6d78\u6ce1\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u9032\u884c\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3001\u5275\u65b0\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u8a08\u5283\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u5b78\u7fd2\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u7269\u8cea\u6587\u5316\u610f\u8b58\u3002 \u9019\u88e1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u502d\u9ed1\u7329\u7329 Kanzi \u7684\u525d\u77f3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u9ed1\u7329\u7329 Sanito \u7684\u6293\u77f3\u884c\u70ba\uff08 \u5c0d\u52d5\u7269\u5712\u904a\u5ba2\u7684\u8b66\u544a\uff01\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u7329\u7329 Leah \u7684\u6c34\u91cf\u68d2\u3002\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u689d\u6b3e\u201d \u81f3\u5c11\u61c9\u8a72\u64f4\u5927\u5230\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u9748\u9577\u985e\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u4f46 Shew \u5e0c\u671b\u8d70\u5f97\u66f4\u9060\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u689d\u6b3e\u201d \u61c9\u8a72 \u201c\u5fb9\u5e95\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u62cb\u68c4\u201d\uff08 P 65 \uff09\u3002\u5979\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u95dc\u65bc\u9be8\u76ee\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u9ce5\u985e\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u6b63\u662f\u65e8\u5728\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u6280\u8853\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u7d2e\u6839\u70ba \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u689d\u6b3e \u201d\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6280\u8853\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u5177\u548c \u201c\u8a9e\u8a00 language \u201d\u3002Shew \u56de\u9867\u4e86\u8207 \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u689d\u6b3e\u201d \u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4ee5\u6311\u6230\u4e3b\u6d41\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u958b\u767c\u80fd\u5920\u89e3\u91cb\u8de8\u7269\u7a2e\u908a\u754c\u7684\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u7ae0\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u6280\u8853\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u70ba\u4ee5\u4eba\u985e\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3 anthropocentric \u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u662f\u8207\u73fe\u6709\u77e5\u8b58\u812b\u7bc0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u52d5\u7269\u7684 \u201c\u77e5\u5982\u4f55 know-how\u201d \u548c \u201c\u9ad4\u73fe\/\u5177\u73fe\u77e5\u8b58 embodied knowledge\u201d\uff08 p 18 \uff09 \u3002\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5979\u8f49\u5411\u9810\u793a\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u667a\u529b\u548c\u7406\u6027 instinct, intellect, and reason\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u6587\u5316 social learning and culture\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u5177\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u69cb\u9020\u4e2d\u7684 \u201c\u610f\u5716intentionality\u201d\uff08 P 18 \uff09\u3002\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cShew \u6253\u7b97\u8aaa\u660e\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5efa\u9020\u5de5\u5177\u6d89\u53ca \u201c\u77e5\u5982\u4f55\u201d \u548c\u5177\u73fe\u7684\u77e5\u8b58 \u3002  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2018 \u5e74 6 \u6708 19 \u65e5\uff0c\u5927\u7329\u7329\u79d1\u79d1\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74 46 \u6b72\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u90fd\u5728\u54c0\u60bc Koko<\/a> \u7684\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u9019\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u591a\u5927\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff08 p 40 \uff09\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Shew \u5728\u5979\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4f7f\u52d5\u7269\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0cJane Goodall \u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5728\u5805\u5b9a\u5730\u70ba\u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u547d\u540d\u6642\u5c31\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002Shew \u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7121\u8ad6\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6280\u8853\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6280\u8853\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff08 p 68 \uff09 \u3002\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u4e8b\u60c5\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u884c\u70ba\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7368\u6709\u7684\uff1b \u5b83\u5011\u8207\u52d5\u7269\u738b\u570b\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7a2e\u5171\u4eab\u201d \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b78\u6839\u7d50\u5e95\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u300c\u6a19\u8a8c\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u3002 \u7576\u7136\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b83\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u8207\u773e\u4e0d\u540c\u55ce\uff1f \u6216\u8005\u9019\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u6559\u5c0e\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50c5\u50c5\u900f\u904e\u6a21\u4eff\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1f \u8a71\u53c8\u8aaa\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6210\u5c31\u4ee3\u4ee3\u76f8\u50b3\u3002 \u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5275\u9020\u7684\u6771\u897f\u662f\u670d\u52d9\u65bc\u7f8e\u5b78\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002 \u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u6c99\u5821\u9084\u662f\u897f\u65af\u6c40\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u6e34\u671b\u900f\u904e\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u8096\u5728\u6b64\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u64da\u5979\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002 \u5712\u4e01\u9ce5\u7684\u5de2\u662f\u5426\u7b97\u662f\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u53ea\u662f\u5438\u5f15\u914d\u5076\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u8207\u8718\u86db\u7db2\u6216\u6d77\u72f8\u6c34\u58e9\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u662f\u85dd\u8853\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u5177\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u8207\u773e\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u9019\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u7e8c\u9ad4\uff1f \u4e5f\u8a31\u9019\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shew \u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u52d5\u7269\u5c0d\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u7269\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6697\u793a\u5728\u9023\u7e8c\u9ad4\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58 – \u67d0\u4e9b\u6280\u8853\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u9ad4\u73fe\u6216\u201c\u5c01\u88ddencapsulate\u201d\u5404\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002 \u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e0c\u671b\u6253\u7834 \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5de5\u5177\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6280\u8853\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b88\u9580\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u975e\u52d5\u7269 not-animals \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff08 p 96 \uff09\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u652f\u6301\u52d5\u7269\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6253\u7834\u5047\u8a2d\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c2\u8a08\u5283\u548c\u4e0d\u66c9\u8a00\u8a9e\u7684\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4eba\u985e\u8d8a\u6587\u660e\u5c0d\u65bc\u975e\u4eba\u52d5\u7269\u5c31\u8d8a\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u52d5\u7269\u4f7f\u4e8b\u60c5\u8b8a\u5f97\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u548c\u53d7\u5230\u516c\u773e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e5f\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u591a\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u52d5\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u737b\u53ca\u5176\u516c\u773e\u6d88\u8cbb\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8208\u8da3 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\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\u4e00\u76f4\u5805\u6301 \u2014\u2014 \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u8a71 \u2014\u2014\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\u7269\u7a2e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5f9e Darwin \u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5df2\u7d93\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f86\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u662f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u800c\u975e\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u9805\u898b\u89e3\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u54f2\u5b78\u63a2\u7a76\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\uff0cFrans de Waal \u5c0d\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u9748\u9577\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6211\u5011\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u9032\u5316\u89aa\u5c6c\u8eab\u4e0a\u8b58\u5225\u51fa\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u3001\u5b89\u6170\u751a\u81f3\u6b63\u7fa9\u7b49\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982Ashley Shew \u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u9818\u57df\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u53cd\u601d\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u843d\u5f8c\u4e86\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u795e\u8a71\u4e2d\u7684 Prometheus \u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5275\u9020\u4e0a\u5c31\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u7279\u6b0a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002 Shew \u5728\u9019\u88cf\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8cea\u7591\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5373\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6cbf\u8457\u9023\u63a5\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u9ad4\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u9748\u9577\u985e\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c0d\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5c0d\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u6280\u8853\u4ee5\u53ca \u2014\u2014 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a \u2014\u2014\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6311\u91c1\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u3002 \u5728\u9019 \u201cAnimal Constructions and Technological Knowledge: Postphenomenology and the Philosophy of Technology\u201d … Continue reading 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