{"id":9159,"date":"2024-01-23T08:55:34","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T08:55:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9159"},"modified":"2024-01-23T08:55:38","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T08:55:38","slug":"sovereignty-in-fragments-the-past-present-and-future-of-a-contested-concept","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/01\/23\/sovereignty-in-fragments-the-past-present-and-future-of-a-contested-concept\/","title":{"rendered":"Sovereignty in Fragments: The Past, Present and Future of a Contested Concept"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u7576\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7d44\u6210\u8b8a\u5316\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5feb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u5617\u8a66\u8a8d\u771f\u8003\u616e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u3002 \u7576\u4eba\u5011\u8ac7\u8ad6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u53d6\u5f97\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u4fb5\u72af\u6216\u55aa\u5931\u6642\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f \u201cSovereignty in Fragments: The Past, Present and Future of a Contested Concept<\/em>\u201d \u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u985e\u5225\u61c9\u7528\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4e26\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5b83\u6240\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u61b2\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e2b\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c08\u5bb6\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u6d88\u9664\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e7b\u60f3\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5 \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u5438\u5f15\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u9ad8\u7d1a\u5b78\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f0\u7063\u9078\u8209\u518d\u6b21\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u7a2e\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6700\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\uff0c\u90a3\u5230\u5e95\u4e3b\u6b0a\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e4b\u540d\u63f4\u5f15\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f \u5b83\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9084\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\uff1f \u5728\u9019\u4e00\u95dc\u9375\u9ede\u4e0a\u5c1a\u672a\u9054\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5354\u8b70\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u6307\u51fa\u6216\u8b74\u8cac\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u53cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u548c\u570b\u969b\u5f8b\u5e2b Alf Ross \u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u54ea\u500b\u9818\u57df\u50cf\u9019\u4e00\u6a23\u5982\u6b64\u6a21\u7cca\u548c\u6df7\u4e82\u201d ( Alf Ross ( 1947 ). A Textbook of International Law)\u3002\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u5e38\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5fb9\u982d\u5fb9\u5c3e\u7684\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u5f9e\u5176\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u8f49\u79fb\u5230 \u201c\u56f0\u64fe\u548c\u8ff7\u60d1\u7576\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u201d( Paul W. Ward( 1928 ). Sovereignty: A Study of a Contemporary Political Notion<\/em> )\u3002\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e36\u4f86\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u7684\u5c08\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u96b1\u85cf\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u5167\u6db5 \uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e26\u65e5\u76ca\u9677\u5165\u5168\u7403\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u6eab\u548c\u6642\u4ee3\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u7528\u8655\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5099\u53d7\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u653e\u68c4\u5982\u6b64\u5343\u8b8a\u842c\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u722d\u8ad6\u3002\u8003\u616e\u5230\u95dc\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u55aa\u5730\u5728\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u5373\u5c07\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e4b\u9593\u6416\u64fa\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5b8c\u5168\u5fd8\u8a18\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u64fa\u812b\u9019\u7a2e\u770b\u4f3c\u7121\u4f11\u7121\u6b62\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u6700\u8feb\u5207\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002Jacques Maritain \u5728\u5169\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e4b\u9593\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u70ba\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u62cb\u68c4\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u201d( Jacques Maritain ( 1969 ). \u2018The Concept of Sovereignty<\/em>\u2019)\u3002\u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\uff0c\u7576\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u5b57\u88ab\u5beb\u4e0b\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5efa\u8b70\u662f\u9006\u6f6e\u6d41\u800c\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5e36\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u7684\u6c23\u606f\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6295\u8cc7\u3001\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u6c61\u67d3\u548c\u5a1b\u6a02\u7684\u8de8\u5883\u6d41\u52d5\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u6d2a\u6d41\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u6f6e\u6d41\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u9006\u8f49\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u65e9\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u653e\u68c4\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u73fe\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u300c\u904e\u6642\u300d\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5805\u5be6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u6f5b\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u50c5\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u60e1\u6027\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u9664\u4e86\u63a9\u84cb\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u7c97\u66b4\u7684\u5229\u5df1\u4e3b\u7fa9\u52d5\u6a5f\u4e4b\u5916\u751a\u9ebc\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u3002\u201c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u4e09\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6642\u9593\u88e1\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u53ca\u5176\u4e00\u76f4\u8a66\u5716\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u8870\u5f31\u7684\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684 \u2018\u7d42\u7d50\u2019\uff0c\u5bc4\u8a17\u8457\u6b63\u7fa9\u611f\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u5fa9\u8208\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u201d\u3002(Ian Ward(2003). The End of Sovereignty and the New Humanism<\/em> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u5e78\u8207\u5426\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u6700\u7d42\u6572\u97ff\u4e3b\u6b0a\u55aa\u9418\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u547c\u8072\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u91cd\u8996\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u8ff4\u907f\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u7531\u8a31\u591a\u8207\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e00\u8a5e\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u65c1\u767d\u548c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u9650\u5b9a\u5b83\u5728\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u662f\u900f\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u8ff4\u907f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u52aa\u529b\uff08\u6709\u9ede\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6a23\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\uff09\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u4ecd\u7136\u611f\u8b1d\u6700\u521d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u8b93\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e00\u76f4\u8655\u65bc\u7406\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u908a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u54c1\u724c\u90fd\u8457\u8ff7\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8208\u8da3\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u591a\u9ebc\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u91cb\u5b83\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u72e1\u733e\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Jens Bartelson \u6240\u5beb\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u201c\u6d77\u7dbf\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d( Jens Bartelson (1995). A Genealogy of Sovereignty<\/em>)\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u8981\u9ede\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u9069\u61c9\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u548c\u5ee3\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u5462\uff1f \u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u78ba\u5b9a\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u64fa\u812b\u5b83\u7b49\u65bc\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u68c4\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u517c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6 R.G. Collingwood \u7a31 \u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u53ea\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u7a31\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8996\u70ba\u904e\u6642\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u4eba\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u9003\u907f\u6574\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u201d (Collingwood , R.G.( 1989 ). Essays in Political Philosophy<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7528\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4f86\u6982\u62ec\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u4eba\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7121\u6578\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cF.H. Hinsley \u9817\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u5730\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e00\u8a5e\u6700\u521d\u4e26\u5728\u5f88\u9577\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u5167\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u6700\u7d42\u548c\u7d55\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u201d ( F.H. Hinsley(1986). Sovereignty<\/em> ) \u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u7a2e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u6700\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\uff0c\u4f46\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u65e5\u76ca\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u5df2\u7d93\u904e\u6642\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u751a\u81f3\u5c0d\u6700\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\uff0cJames Tully \u8a66\u5716\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u7b26\u5408\u7576\u4ee3\u61b2\u653f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300c\u91cd\u758a\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u9818\u57df\u300d\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u201c\u9019\u7a2e\u975e\u7d55\u5c0d\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6587\u5316\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u6216\u4eba\u6c11\u806f\u5408\u9ad4\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u90e8\u5f9e\u5c6c\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u201d ( ames Tully(1995)Strange Multiplicity: Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity<\/em>, p. 195)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5169\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u53ea\u662f\u96b1\u85cf\u800c\u975e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u55aa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u904e\u65bc\u5305\u5bb9\u6216\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u9019\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u8b93 G.C. Lewis \u611f\u5230\u7d55\u671b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ed6\u5728 \u201cRemarks on the Use and Abuse of Some Political Terms<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u56b4\u683c\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc \u653f\u6cbb\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5176\u4ed6\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u540c\u610f\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u904e\u591a\u7684\u9084\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u61c9\u8a72\u6392\u9664\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u61c9\u8a72\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u201d( George C. Lewis ( 1898 ). Remarks on the Use and Abuse of Some Political Terms<\/em>, p. 48. ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u60c5\u6c92\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cTully \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u9644\u5e36\u4e00\u500b\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u6642\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u300d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u540c\u610f (James Tully (1995). Strange Multiplicity. Constitutionalism in an Age of Diversity,<\/em> p. 194 )\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7576\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u589e\u52a0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3001\u8cc7\u683c\u3001\u5dee\u7570\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6211\u5011\u64f4\u5c55\u4efb\u4f55\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u95e1\u660e\u5176\u542b\u7fa9\u4e26\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u653e\u5927\u5176\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u770b\u4f3c\u8da8\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5c31\u6703\u7206\u767c\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u8abf\u548c\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5177\u6709 Cass Sunstein \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u5354\u8b70\u201d \u7684\u7279\u5fb5 \u2014\u2014 \u63a5\u53d7\u8a72\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u7121\u9700\u5c31\u5176\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u9054\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u3002(Cass Sunstein (2018). Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict<\/em>, p. 35.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e4b\u540d\u63f4\u5f15\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u5b83\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9084\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\uff1f\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u95dc\u9375\u9ede\u4e0a\u5c1a\u672a\u9054\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5354\u8b70\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u96d6\u7136\u5c6c\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6070\u7576\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5247\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c \u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u201d ( Raia Prokhovnik ( 2007 ). Sovereignties. Contemporary Theory and Practice<\/em>, p 155 )\u3002\u4e3b\u6b0a\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u57fa\u790e\u300d\u6216\u5f37\u6b0a\u8207\u6b0a\u5229\u4e4b\u9593\u7121\u6cd5\u5340\u5206\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u806f\u76df\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49\u8005 \u2014\u2014 \u70ba\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u79e9\u5e8f\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u653f\u8b8a\u7684\u4f86\u4e16\u3002 \u4e0d\u50c5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c \u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e3b\u6b0a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u201d (Raia Prokhovnik ( 2007 ). Sovereignties. Contemporary Theory and Practice<\/em>, p 160)\u3002Martti Koskenniemi \u7684\u8457\u4f5c \u201cFrom Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument (2006)<\/em>\u201d \u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u5bdf\u7d50\u679c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5982\u4f55\u5fc5\u7136\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u7684 \u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d \u548c \u201c\u7d14\u7cb9\u4e8b\u5be6\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d \u4e4b\u9593\u6495\u88c2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u5c0b\u6c42\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7f6e\u65bc\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u99b4\u670d\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u9019\u6982\u5ff5\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u8ce6\u4e88\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u6b21\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u6709\u9650\u81ea\u6cbb\u6b0a\u3002\u9019\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u65bc\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5be6\u73fe\u570b\u5bb6\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u3001\u524d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u7acb\u5834\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u80fd\u88fd\u6210\u3002Koskenniemi \u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u722d\u8ad6\u6703\u81ea\u884c\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4ee5\u986f\u793a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u7d14\u7cb9\u4e8b\u5be6\u89c0\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7121\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u9032\u884c\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u6d88\u5931\u201d (From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument<\/em>, p 239.)\u3002Koskenniemi \u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u8a31\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u6587\u737b\u8072\u7a31\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\u7528\u9014\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u53ef\u8b8a\u6027\u5c07\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u4efb\u4f55\u5340\u5206\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u662f\u5f92\u52de\u7121\u529f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Martti Koskenniemi \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u986f\u793a\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eca\u5929\u8ab0\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u6bcd\u8a9e\u8005\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u6240\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u7576\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u683c\u5c40\u8b8a\u5316\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5feb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u4ed4\u7d30\u8003\u616e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u3002\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u8ac7\u8ad6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u53d6\u5f97\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u4fb5\u72af\u6216\u55aa\u5931\u6642\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u610f\u5473\u8457\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u4eca\u5929\u8ab0\u80fd\u5408\u7406\u5730\u63f4\u5f15\u5b83\uff1f\u5118\u7ba1 Stakhanovite \u904b\u52d5\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u52aa\u529b\u6f84\u6e05\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u3001\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u3001\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u4f86\u81ea\u54ea\u91cc\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u6b63\u5728\u767c\u751f\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u8457 \u201c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u201d \u73fe\u5728’ ( R. B. J. Walker, \u2018From International Relations to World Politics\u2019 in The State in Transition: Reimagining Political Space<\/em>, ed. Joseph A. Camilleri, Anthony P. Jarvis , pp. 21\u201338.)\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u9ad4\u7684 \u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8207\u8ab0\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u9069\u7576\u6301\u6709\u8005\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5206\u958b\u3002\u540c\u6a23 \uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d66\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u660e\u667a\u5730\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u73fe\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u554f\u984c\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u601d\u8003\u3002\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c07\u5176\u8207\u5b83\u6240\u63f4\u5f15\u7684\u591a\u7a2e\u8a71\u8a9e\u80cc\u666f\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u3002\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u63a1\u53d6 \u201c\u8996\u5dee\u89c0\u9ede\u201d\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u61c9\u7528\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u5047\u8a2d \uff0c\u4e26\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002\u5404\u7ae0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u4f46\u4e92\u88dc\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u4e0a\u529b\u6c42\u6d88\u9664\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u932f\u89ba\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u9032\u95dc\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u54f2\u5b78\u9019\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u548c\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\uff0c\u547c\u7c72\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5177\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b83\u3002\u592a\u591a\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8a66\u5716\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u95dc\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9032\u7a0b\u65e5\u76ca\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u7e54\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u96dc\u4e03\u96dc\u516b\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u6240 \u201c\u4fb5\u8755\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u88ab\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728 \u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u201d \u7684\u6a19\u984c\u4e0b\u3002\u9019\u9060\u9060\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u5747\u8861\u6548\u61c9\u300d(Robert Latham(2000). Social Sovereignty<\/em> )\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5c07\u6d88\u4ea1\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65b7\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f86\u81ea\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762 \u3002\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\u7406\u8ad6\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u3002\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u570b\u969b\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u7368\u7acb\u65e5\u76ca\u8b93\u4f4d\u65bc\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u3001\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\u5f88\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6642\u5c1a\u80af\u5b9a\u9084\u6c92\u6d88\u9000\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u898b\u8b49\u4e86\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u5b78\u8853\u300d\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7cfe\u7e8f\u7279\u5fb5 \uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u5c07\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8ff4\u65cb\u9918\u5730\u9650\u88fd\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u5927\u81bd\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u300c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u300d(Jim MacNeill(1991). Beyond Interdependence: The Meshing of the World\u2019s Economy and the Earth\u2019s Ecology<\/em>)\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8207\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u77ed\u8def\uff0c\u592a\u591a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6c92\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u300d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u6df7\u4e82\u3002\u5c0d\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u300d\u73fe\u50cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u524a\u5f31\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8868\u793a\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u300d\u73fe\u8c61\u96e3\u9053\u4e0d\u662f\u900f\u904e\u9810\u8a2d\u591a\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u55ce\uff1f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba Stephen Krasner ( The durability of organized hypocrisy) \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u63d0\u9192\uff1a \u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u662f\u7531\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u570b\u969b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u3001\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u9762\u5411\u201d\u3002\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5982\u4eca\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5047\u8a2d\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u8207\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8868\u660e\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u524d\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u300c\u8870\u843d\u300d\u3002 \u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7528\u4f86\u559a\u8d77\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u95dc\u4fc2\u6642\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u518d\u90a3\u9ebc\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9 \uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u80af\u5b9a\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u5f9e\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u300d\u5230\u524a\u5f31\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\u6b65\u9a5f\uff08\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u55ce\uff1f\uff09\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u898b\u8b49\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7684\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u5177\u8fa8\u5225\u529b\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59 (Complex Sovereignty: Reconstituting Political Authority in the Twenty-first Century<\/em>, ed. Louis W. Paulyand Edgar Grande , Toronto , pp. 3\u201321)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8a72\u554f\u984c\u8207\u95dc\u65bc\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4ee5\u53ca\u7e3d\u9ad4\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u5176\u6240\u6307\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5373\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u65e8\u5728\u6355\u7372\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff08\u5982\u679c\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff09\u3002\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u5047\u8a2d\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u76f4\u63a5\u547d\u540d\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u9577\u671f\u8655\u65bc\u5e73\u8861\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6b0a\u529b\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u5404\u7a2e\u58d3\u529b\u5c0e\u81f4\u9019\u7a2e\u9577\u671f\u5e73\u8861\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u7a31\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\uff1f \u56e0\u6b64\u8b8a\u5f97 \u201c\u904e\u6642\u201d\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u50f9\u503c\uff1f\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u985e\u578b\u300d\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u96a8\u8457\u5b83\u6240\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u800c\u8b8a\u5316\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u8b8a\u5f97\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\u9019\u4e00\u547d\u984c\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u5247\u70ba\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e3b\u6b0a\u610f\u7fa9\u767c\u751f\u986f\u8457\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u65b7\u8a00\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u300c\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u61b2\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u539f\u5b50\u5f48\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u9677\u5165\u5371\u6a5f\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u8db3\u70ba\u5947\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u5176\u6240\u6307\u5c0d\u8c61\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f8c\u8005\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u58d3\u529b\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u9858\u610f\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u5c31\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u7fa9\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u300c\u9084\u539f\u300d\u3002 Wouter G. Werner \u548c Jaap H. de Wilde \u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u95dc\u6ce8\u5176\u5404\u7a2e\u7528\u9014\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5c0b\u627e\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u66f4\u70ba\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u751a\u9ebc\u60c5\u6cc1\u5c0d\u61c9\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u7684\u554f\u984c\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff1a\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e3b\u5f35\uff1f \u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e3b\u5f35\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u8ab0\u7684\uff1f\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u898f\u7bc4\u7d50\u69cb\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff1f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e3b\u5f35\u6703\u7522\u751f\u751a\u9ebc\u5f8c\u679c\uff1f\u201d(W.G. Werner and J.H. de Wilde , ( 2001 ). \u2018The Endurance of Sovereignty<\/em>\u2019) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u986f\u793a\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u7406\u6e05\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u5b78\u8aaa\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u806f\u7e6b \u2014\u2014 \u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u672c\u8cea\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8208\u8870\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u61c9\u8a72\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u6982\u5ff5\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u8a9e\u8a00\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6642\u9593\u7dda\u61c9\u8a72\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u4e0a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9023\u7d50\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u767c\u751f\u7a81\u8b8a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u6240\u5beb ( Double binds: sovereignty and the just war tradition)\uff0c \u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e00\u8a5e\u3001\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u4e3b\u6b0a\u73fe\u5be6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u958b\u653e\u7684\u3001\u5076\u7136\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u201d\u3002( Jens Bartelson(1995). A Genealogy of Sovereignty<\/em> . p 2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u6642\u4e0d\u7d66\u4e88\u6b77\u53f2\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u8996\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u8aa4\u5165\u6b67\u9014\u3002 \u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u8cbc\u4e0a\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6a19\u7c64\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6536\u7a6b\u201d(Thomas J. Biersteker, Cynthia Weber(1996). State Sovereignty as Social Construct<\/em>, p 284)\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u958b\u59cb\u81ea\u5df1\u66f8\u5beb\u6b77\u53f2 ( Robert H. Jackson ( 2007 ). Sovereignty. Evolution of an Idea<\/em>)\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0(The sovereign state: a genealogy)\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 \u9019\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u63ed\u793a\u5176\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u660e\u78ba\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u7dad\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7d93\u9069\u61c9\u4e86\u591a\u7a2e\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002Michel Foucault \uff0d\u4ee5\u5176\u5c0d\u8ecd\u4e8b\u96b1\u55bb\u7684\u7368\u7279\u504f\u597d\uff0d\u5982\u6b64\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6b77\u53f2\u8ecc\u8de1\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u6a5f\u5236\uff1a\u5c01\u5efa\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u3002 \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u69cb\u5efa\u5049\u5927\u541b\u4e3b\u653f\u9ad4\u4e26\u70ba\u5176\u8faf\u8b77\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u5f9e\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u5b97\u6559\u6230\u722d\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8ad6\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u96d9\u65b9\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u9650\u5236\u738b\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f37\u5316\u738b\u6b0a\u3002 \u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u53cd\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\u3002 \u4f60\u4e5f\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u4e3b\u5f35\u5f12\u541b\u6216\u6539\u671d\u63db\u4ee3\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u624b\u4e2d\u3002 \u4f60\u6703\u767c\u73fe[\u53f8\u6cd5-\u653f\u6cbb]\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\u88ab\u8cb4\u65cf\u548c\u8b70\u6703\u3001\u738b\u6b0a\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u5c01\u5efa\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u6240\u904b\u7528\u3002 \u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f 16 \u4e16\u7d00\u548c 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u570d\u7e5e\u6b0a\u529b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u9032\u884c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u201d(Foucault , Michel. ( 2003 ). \u2018Society Must Be Defended\u2019. Lectures at the Coll\u00e8ge de France 1975\u20131976<\/em>. pp. 34\u20135.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u8a66\u5716\u8868\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5404\u7a2e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5b78\u8aaa\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6230\u7565\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0cMartti Koskenniemi \u8a66\u5716\u95e1\u660e\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7121\u6578\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u88ab\u63f4\u5f15\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u7684\uff1a\u4e3b\u5f35\u7368\u7acb\u4e26\u4e3b\u5f35\u5728\uff08\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff09\u5e73\u7b49\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9ad4\u5316\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u7279\u5b9a\u6b0a\u5229\u3001\u6b0a\u529b\u548c\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5426\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u6b0a\u5229\u3001\u6b0a\u529b\u6216\u7279\u6b0a\u7b49\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Martti Koskenniemi \u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6b0a\u529b\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5b83\u540c\u6642\u8abf\u7528\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u898f\u5b9a\u767b\u8a18\u518a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u4e5f\u6cbf\u8457\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u601d\u8def\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5728\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u60f3\u50cf\u5730\u5f4c\u5408\u4e86\u300c\u662f\u300d\u548c\u300c\u61c9\u8a72\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e3b\u5f35\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u4e8b\u5be6\uff08\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u300d\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff09\u8207\u56e0\u8a72\u5236\u5ea6\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\u4e4b\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u806f\u7e6b\u201d(W.G. Werner , J.H. de Wilde(2001). \u2018 The Endurance of Sovereignty<\/em> \u2019)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5f9e\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6a4b\u6a11\u5728 Jean-Jacques Rousseau \u7684\u683c\u8a00\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8868\u9054\uff1a\u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8005\uff0c\u50c5\u6191\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5c31\u6c38\u9060\u662f\u5b83\u61c9\u8a72\u6210\u70ba\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u201d(Jean-Jacques Rousseau(1997). The Social Contract and Other Later Political Writings<\/em>. p. 52)\u3002 \u4e3b\u6b0a\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u300c\u662f\u300d\u548c\u300c\u61c9\u8a72\u300d\u7684\u7dca\u5bc6\u806f\u7e6b\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a31\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u62ab\u4e0a\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u5916\u8863\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u516c\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u548c\u6c11\u773e\u5021\u8b70\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a\u539f\u5247\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002\u5805\u6301\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u7372\u5f97\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u5c0d\u627f\u8a8d\u7684\u8072\u660e\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73fe\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u5c31\u6709\u7fa9\u52d9\u627f\u8a8d\u65b0\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u5e38\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u6cd5\u5916\u6027\u8cea\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5f8c\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u6839\u64da\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u6240\u627f\u64d4\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u61c9\u8a72\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91cb \u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u9078\u64c7\u505c\u7559\u5728\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4e26\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u8ad6\u9ede\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5c07\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u72f9\u9698\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Michel Foucault \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u7576\u6d89\u53ca\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6642\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9b25\u722d\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7528\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u9032\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7ae0\u7bc0\u90fd\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u722d\u8ad6\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6d89\u53ca\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u63a9\u84cb\u653f\u6cbb\u91ce\u5fc3\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u7159\u5e55\u5f48\u3002\u8aa0\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u8010\u7169\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8003\u616e\u7684\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6 P.W. Ward \u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\uff0c\u95e1\u91cb\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u5c0d\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u9053\u6b49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8868\u9054\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7121\u79c1\u71b1\u611b\u201d (Paul W. Ward(1928). Sovereignty: A Study of a Contemporary Political Notion<\/em>)\u3002\u5728\u8a66\u5716\u4e86\u89e3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u5176\u300c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6240\u6307\u300d\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u9047\u5230\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u6642\uff0c\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u662f\u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u6709\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f35\u7f8e\u570b\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u9805\u689d\u7d04\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8a72\u689d\u7d04\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u6700\u5e38\u8868\u9054\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u61c9\u8a72\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8b00\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\uff09\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u570b\u969b\u5c64\u9762\u300d(John H. Jackson (2003). \u2018 Sovereignty-Modern: A New Approach to an Outdated Concept<\/em> \u2019)\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u771f\u7684\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7262\u7262\u5730\u7acb\u8db3\u65bc\u300c\u5be6\u969b\u300d\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u514d\u53d7\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u6a21\u68f1\u5169\u53ef\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u55ce\uff1f\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u8981\u5206\u914d\u7684\u300c\u6b0a\u529b\u300d\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u662f\u8ab0\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5426\u7e5e\u904e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1f\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u66ab\u6642\u540c\u610f\u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u914d\u662f\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u6709\u7406\u7531\u5c07\u652f\u914d\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u898f\u5247\u8996\u70ba\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5916\u8868\uff1f\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7ae0\u8a66\u5716\u8b39\u614e\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\u904b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u66f4\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u64b0\u7a3f\u4eba\u4e0d\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u6027\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u5be7\u9858\u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u91cd\u5efa\u7522\u751f\u9019\u7a2e\u77db\u76fe\u5fc3\u7406\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7b56\u7565\u80cc\u666f\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u7a2e\u77db\u76fe\u5fc3\u7406\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u4e3b\u984c\u662f\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u4e26\u63a2\u8a0e\u5176\u5177\u9ad4\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u6027\u8cea\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5247\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u7576\u4eca\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u4e14\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u9069\u61c9\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u7ae0\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u4f9d\u9760\u9019\u7a2e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u4f86\u5be6\u73fe\u300c\u6700\u512a\u300d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6216\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u6700\u512a\u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u914d\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5f9e Francis H. Hinsley \u90a3\u88cf\u5f97\u5230\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u8996\u70ba \u201c\u5c0d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u653f\u5e9c\u57fa\u790e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5167\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u554f\u984c\u7684\u91cd\u8ff0\u201d \u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u66f4\u5177\u6b77\u53f2\u4f9d\u64da\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u5c31\u8b8a\u5f97\u5c24\u70ba\u660e\u986f ( Francis H. Hinsley( 1986 ). Sovereignty, p. 26)\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7576\u5404\u7a2e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5b78\u8aaa\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u554f\u984c\u548c\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u547d\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u624d\u7121\u6cd5\u5ffd\u8996\u5b83\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7d1b\u722d\u4e2d\u6c89\u601d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6 R.B.J. Walker \u6307\u51fa\uff0c \u201c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u539f\u5247\u70ba\u6709\u95dc\u653f\u6cbb\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7279\u5b9a\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u201d (Walker , R.B.J.( 1990 ). \u2018Sovereignty, Identity, Community: Reflections on the Horizons of Contemporary Political Practice\u2019 in Contending Sovereignties: Redefining Political Community<\/em>, ed. R.B.J. Walkerand S.H. Mendlovitz , Boulder and London , pp. 159\u201385.)\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u5468\u570d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u6240\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7522\u751f\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4e26\u63ed\u793a\u6211\u5011\u6982\u5ff5\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6839\u6e90\u4f86\u7167\u4eae\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u8a31\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5b83\u7684\u964c\u751f\u6027\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u9053\u8def\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u547c\u7c72\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u63a1\u53d6\u66f4\u5177\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u958b\u982d\u5e7e\u7ae0\u8a66\u5716\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u4e9b\u547c\u7c72\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u90e8\u5206\u7d55\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u5ac1\u63a5\u5230\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u5b83\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u4e4b\u5206\u958b\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u5c48\u670d\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e36\u8457\u4e00\u7d72\u6096\u8ad6\u8aaa\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6c92\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u6216\u8005\u6b63\u5982 Harold Laski \u66fe\u7d93\u8aaa\u904e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff1a\u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6b0a\u5a01\u3001\u500b\u6027 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u4e9b\u8a5e\u6211\u5011\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u7fa9\u201d (Harold J. Laski(1931). The Foundations of Sovereignty, and Other Essays<\/em>, p 314)\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u653f\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4f86\u81ea\u722d\u8ad6\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u591a\u5c64\u8a9e\u610f\u6c89\u7a4d\u7269\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u63ed\u793a\u96b1\u85cf\u5c64\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c07\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u9019\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u5177\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u6df1\u5ea6\uff1b\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5c0d\u5176\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u672c\u8cea\u300d\u751a\u81f3\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u8aa4\u89e3\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u904e\u53bb\u70ba\u5176\u8ce6\u4e88\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u8f03\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u63a9\u84cb\u8f03\u4f4e\u5c64\u6b21\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5b78\u8aaa\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u898b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b78\u8005 Cynthia Weber \u5c0d\u8a72\u5b78\u79d1\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\u6027\u6df1\u611f\u907a\u61be\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u8b8a\u5316\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u91cb \u201c\u5982\u4f55\u7af6\u722d\u201d\u3002\u201c\u8072\u7a31\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u4e3b\u6b0a\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u570b\u5bb6\u5730\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u653f\u6cbb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5171\u5b58\u201d\u3002( Cynthia Weber (1995 . Simulating Sovereignty<\/em> , p. 2.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7576\u4ee3\u95dc\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u78ba\u5be6\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8655\u65bc\u7531 \u2018the Grotian moment\u2019 (Grotian Moments- An Introduction)\u3001\u2018the Westphalian revolution<\/a>\u2019 \u7b49\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5ea7\u6a19\u5167\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6642\u523b\u5df2\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u5404\u7a2e\u601d\u60f3\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u8207\u5176\u5c0d\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u9593\u7121\u6cd5\u5283\u6e05\u754c\u9650\u3002\u5c0d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u672c\u8eab\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u662f \u201c\u96a8\u8457\u5371\u6a5f\u4e2d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u200b\u200b\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u6b64\u985e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6210\u70ba\u516c\u958b\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9818\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u201d \u3002(R.K. Ashley and R.B.J. Walker , ( 1990 ). \u2018 Reading Dissidence\/Writing the Discipline. Crisis and the Question of Sovereignty in International Studies<\/em> \u2019)\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u548c\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u5982\u4f55\u60f3\u50cf\u672a\u4f86 \u2014\u2014 \u6b63\u662f\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u754c\u5b9a\u4e86\u671f\u671b\u7684\u8996\u91ce\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8abf\u67e5\u6b50\u6d32\u5f8c\u970d\u5e03\u65af post-Hobbesian order \u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u51fa\u73fe (Marlene Wind (2001). Sovereignty and European Integration: Towards a Post Hobbesian Order<\/em>) \u6216\u6d88\u9664\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u300cmal de Bodin<\/a>\u300d\u6642 ( Jacques Ziller (2003 ). \u2018Sovereignty in France: Getting Rid of the Mal de Bodin\u2019 in Sovereignty in Transition<\/em>, ed. Neil Walker , Oxford , pp. 261\u201378)\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u672a\u4f86\u8207\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u9858\u666f\u3002\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u904e\u53bb\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u90a3\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u8f03\u5177\u6b77\u53f2\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u81f3\u5c11\u4ee5\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u7576\u524d\u95dc\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6307\u51fa\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u53ef\u8b8a\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u4e26\u69cb\u6210\u5176\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u7684\u672a\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u5c40\u52e2\u3002\u4f46\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916 \u2014\u2014 \u540c\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u5011\u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u7f6e\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u3002\u900f\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u8a66\u5716\u91cd\u65b0\u6aa2\u8996\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6b77\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quentin Skinner (The sovereign state: a genealogy) \u548c Denis Baranger (The apparition of sovereignty) \u5728\u958b\u7bc7\u5169\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7d42\u7d50\u7684\u5ba3\u544a\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u60b2\u89c0\u6d88\u606f\u540c\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u64c1\u6709\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u61c9\u8a72 \u201c\u64a4\u9000 in retreat\u201d \u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff1f\u96e3\u9053\u4e3b\u6b0a\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5982\u6b64\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u6ce2\u53ca\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u55ce\uff1f\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8b8a\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\u548c\u6210\u554f\u984c\u7684\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u570b\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u9818\u571f\u4e0a\u884c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u540d\u7a31\uff0c\u4f46 Skinner \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u8a66\u5716\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u8207\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7121\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u8003\u616e\u5c0d\u8ab0\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7b97\u4f5c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u8868\u9054\u9019\u4e00\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u76f8\u4e92\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0cSkinner \u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86 Thomas Hobbes \u5f97\u51fa\u5176\u6975\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5373\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u8207\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u548c\u88ab\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u901a\u904e\u7814\u7a76\u96a8\u5f8c\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002\u53cd\u5c0d\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0 (The apparition of sovereignty) \u4e2d\uff0cDenis Baranger \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5047\u88dd\u4e3b\u6b0a\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5ba3\u50b3\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5448\u73fe\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7576\u4ee3\u61b2\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6\u5805\u6301\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u7269\u300d\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u6b0a\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u4e26\u5b58\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u8868\u5fb5\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5 \u2014\u2014 \u4eca\u5929\u5b83\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7d71\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d \u2014\u2014 \u4e3b\u6b0a\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u898f\u7bc4\u539f\u5247\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c31\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u7576\u5c40\u3001\u6b0a\u529b \u3001\u6cbb\u5b89\u6cd5\u5b98\u7b49\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u7d1a\u3001\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5340\u5206\u73fe\u5be6\u8207\u6b3a\u9a19\u6027\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u96e3\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46Baranger \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5118\u7ba1\u7406\u7531\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u6b0a\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u4e26\u4e14\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u61c9\u8a72\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u9577\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5169\u7ae0\u7531 P\u00e4rtel Piirim\u00e4e (The Westphalian myth and the idea of external sovereignty) \u548c Jens Bartelson (Double binds: sovereignty and the just war tradition) \u64b0\u5beb\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8207\u6b63\u7fa9\u6230\u722d\u7406\u5ff5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002Piirim\u00e4e \u91cd\u6eab\u4e86 \u201cGrotian moment\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u5373 \u201cbellum solenne\u201d\uff08\u6b63\u5f0f\u6230\u722d\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u6230\u722d\uff09\u548c \u201cbellum iustum\u201d\uff08\u9053\u5fb7\u6b63\u7fa9\u6230\u722d\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u4fc3\u4f7f\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u6230\u722d\u6a19\u6e96\u7a81\u7136\u8870\u9000 ( p 13 )\u3002\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u5373\u5b58\u5728\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u7531\u548c\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u610f\u5716\u3002\u6839\u64da 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u570b\u5bb6\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0cPiirim\u00e4e \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u4e3b\u6b0a\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4f7f\u6230\u722d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u8cea\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7368\u7acb\u300d\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u8d85\u8d8a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e26\u8003\u616e\u57f7\u884c\u666e\u904d\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u516c\u773e\u8f3f\u8ad6\u652f\u914d\u8457\u96e3\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u8072\u8b7d\u4e16\u754c\u3002Bartelson \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u540c\u6a23\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u8a66\u5716\u5c0d\u7576\u4ee3\u6230\u722d\u5be6\u8e10\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u65b7\u6642\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u65e9\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u5a01\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\u5c07\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u8996\u70ba\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002Bartelson \u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u91cb\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u6b66\u529b\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u96d9\u91cd\u675f\u7e1b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u96d6\u7136\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u4e5f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u751f\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u5f8c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u5a01\u8207\u6b66\u529b\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u6d88\u9664\u96d9\u91cd\u675f\u7e1b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u91cd\u7533\u6230\u722d\u53ef\u80fd\u5408\u7406\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u5982 Denis Baranger \u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5f9e\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5c31\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d71\u4e00\u539f\u5247 \uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\u5167\u7684\u591a\u7a2e\u6b0a\u529b\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u300c\u6a19\u8a18\u300d\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u9ede\u4f86\u6d88\u9664\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5f8b\u5e2b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u96f6\u788e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u5340\u5206\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u64c1\u6709\u548c\u884c\u4f7f\u4f86\u4f7f\u9019\u4e9b\u5f62\u8c61\u8b8a\u5f97\u6709\u5e8f\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6416\u64fa\u904b\u52d5\u975e\u5e38\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u662f\u900f\u904e\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u9032\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u6b0a\u529b\u4ea4\u7d66\u570b\u969b\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u4e0b\u4ea4\u7d66\u570b\u5bb6\u4e0b\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u5834\u6240 \u2014\u2014 \u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u898b\u8b49\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5206\u62c6\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u300d( Saskia Sassen(1996). Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization<\/em> , p. 29.)\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5247\u53cd\u99c1\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u800c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5931\u53bb\u4f5c\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u6b0a\u529b\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u5805\u6301\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8996\u70ba\u7d71\u4e00\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u63d0\u51fa\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u672a\u80fd\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u548c\u8f49\u8b93\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u5340\u5206\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5176\u6b0a\u5a01\u300c\u6a19\u8a18\u300d\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7d55\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u788e\u7247\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8853\u8a9e\u4e0a\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8207\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u88ab\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5176\u986f\u8457\u7279\u5fb5\u201d\u3002(Bruno de Witte( 2006 ). \u2018Sovereignty and European Integration: The Weight of a Legal Tradition\u2019 in Relocating Sovereignty<\/em>, ed. Neil Walker. pp 491\u2013520 , p. 518)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7834\u58de\u3002\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6240\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6b0a\u5a01\u7aef\u9ede\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u65e5\u76ca\u652f\u96e2\u7834\u788e\u3002\u2018\u4eba\u6c11 people\u2019 \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u9ad4 \uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6240\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u6d41\u901a\u6027\u6bd4\u4ee5\u524d\u8981\u6709\u9650\u5f97\u591a\u3002Hardt \u548c Negri \u7684 \u2018\u8af8\u773e multitude\u2019 \u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5805\u6c7a\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u6176\u795d\u5718\u7d50\u7684\u60a0\u4e45\u50b3\u7d71\uff0cHobbes \u662f\u9019\u9805\u50b3\u7d71\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u6c11\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002\u201c\u8af8\u773e\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u6027 \uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u55ae\u4e00\u6027\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5247\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u548c\u540c\u8cea\u6027\u3002 \u3002 \u3002\u8af8\u773e\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u6c11\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\u505a\u597d\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u7d9c\u5408\u9ad4\u3002\u201d Hardt \u548c Negri \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba (Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri(2000). Empire<\/em>. p. 103)\u3002\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8072\u97f3\u5247\u547c\u7c72\u63a1\u7528\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u89c0\u4f86\u56de\u61c9\u7576\u4ee3\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u5206\u88c2\u3002Richard Bellamy \u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u7531\u8ab0\u5f97\u5230\u751a\u9ebc\u3001\u4f55\u6642\u3001\u4f55\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\u751a\u9ebc\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u5177\u9ad4\u60c5\u6cc1\u63a1\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u5584\u4e8b\u3002\u9019\u986f\u793a\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e5f\u5c07\u662f\u591a\u5143\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u66f4\u5206\u6563\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u6a5f\u69cb\u6709\u6b0a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u505a\u51fa\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56\u9ad4\u7cfb\u201d ( Richard Bellamy (2000). Rethinking Liberalism<\/em> , p. 224.)\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u65b7\u8a00\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Quentin Skinner \u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u4ee3\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u89c0\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u95dc\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9577\u671f\u6b77\u53f2\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u968e\u6bb5\u3002Skinner \u4e5f\u8a62\u554f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u662f\u5426\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u7406\u8ad6\u9053\u8def\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u78ba\u5be6\u6b63\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u8ab0\u6216\u751a\u9ebc\u6a5f\u69cb\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u6b0a\u884c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u5167\u5bb9 \u2014\u2014 \u6c7a\u5b9a\u8ab0\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u751a\u9ebc \u2014\u2014 \u5c07\u6703\u53ea\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7dca\u8feb \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u570b\u5bb6\u55ce\uff1f\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u627f\u64d4\u8005\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5019\u9078\u8005\uff0c\u64da\u8aaa\u6b63\u5728 \u201c\u64a4\u9000\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u662f \u201c\u5728\u5169\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u6b63\u5728\u7d93\u6b77\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u64f4\u6563\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b0a\u5a01\u65e5\u76ca\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u69cb\u201d (Susan Strange(1996). The Retreat of the State: the Diffusion of Power in the World Economy<\/em> , p. 86)\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u60c5\u5831\u59d4\u54e1\u6703 2008 \u5e74\u5e95\u767c\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u7576\u524d \u201c\u6b0a\u5a01\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u66f4\u52a0\u5206\u6563\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u201d \u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u570b\u969b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u66f4\u52a0\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u589e\u52a0 \u201c\u672a\u4f86\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8003\u616e\u5230\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8de8\u570b\u6311\u6230\u201d (National Intelligence Council( 2008 ). Global Trends 2025: a Transformed World<\/em>)\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u653e\u68c4\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u64a4\u9000\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u4e3b\u5f35\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u51b7\u6230\u5f8c\u570b\u5bb6\u300c\u7121\u80fd\u70ba\u529b\u300d\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u91cd\u65b0\u559a\u8d77\u4e86\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7d42\u7d50\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u5728Robert Jackson \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0cRichard Falk \u5341\u5e74\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba \u201c\u6240\u6709\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u8ecd\u4e8b\u4e0a\u591a\u9ebc\u5f37\u5927\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u591a\u9ebc\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6210\u70ba\u4e86 ‘\u6e96\u570b\u5bb6 quasi-states’\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u89e3\u69cb\u6027\u653b\u64ca\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662f Niklas Luhmann \u7cfb\u7d71\u8ad6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u8207 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u653f\u6cbb\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u5730\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u62b5\u5236 \u201c\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\u201d ( Harold J. Laski , ( 1917 ). Studies in the Problem of Sovereignty<\/em> , p. 1.)\uff0c \u5c07\u5176\u5206\u70ba\u591a\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u4fc2\u7d71\uff0c\u8fce\u63a5\u5176\u968e\u7d1a\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u89e3\u69cb\uff0c\u5c07\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u964d\u683c\u70ba\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u6587\u7269\u7684\u5132\u85cf\u5ba4\u3002\u9019\u7406\u8ad6\u8def\u7dda\u7684\u4e3b\u65e8\u4e0d\u50c5\u5728\u65bc \uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Richard Falk \u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u638c\u63a7\u4e0b\u5df2\u8b8a\u5f97\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7121\u80fd\u70ba\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u3002\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\uff0cAntonio Negri ( Sovereignty between government, exception and governance ) \u6b63\u662f\u5c07\u9019\u5169\u500b\u7acb\u5834\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u9069\u7576\u91cd\u8996 Richard Falk \u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u79e9\u5e8f\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u7684\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Luhmann \u95dc\u65bc\u898f\u7bc4\u788e\u7247\u5316\u548c\u7121\u570b\u5bb6\u61b2\u653f\u5efa\u8a2d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u8207 Foucault \u7684\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u8aaa\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u53e4\u5178\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u89c0\u5ff5\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u514b\u670d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cNegri \u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u300c\u514b\u670d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7d93\u9a57\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u7bc4\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u5371\u6a5f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7121\u6cd5\u5c07\u904e\u53bb\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u5404\u500b\u9762\u5411\u9023\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u539f\u5247\uff1b \u516c\u6b63\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff1b \u570b\u969b\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u8207\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8ad6\u9ede\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b78\u8005\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4fb5\u8755\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u5f48\u6027\u624d\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u6307\u8cac\u5ffd\u8996\u4e3b\u6b0a\u70ba\u4f55\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d \uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u9019\u4e00\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00 Stephen D. Krasner (The durability of organized hypocrisy ) \u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9019\u9805\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4e26\u958b\u59cb\u5206\u6790\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u2500\u2500\u4ed6\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u507d\u5584\u201d \u5f62\u5f0f \u2014\u2014 \u9810\u8a08\u672a\u4f86\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u904b\u71df\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u51fa\u73fe\u6975\u7aef\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002Hendrik Spruyt \u5728\u5176\u9817\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76 \u201cThe Sovereign State and Its Competitors<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u96e2\u5fc3\u529b \uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u4ecd\u7136\u638c\u63e1\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f \u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5206\u6563\u548c\u7ba1\u8f44\u6b0a\u4ea4\u53c9\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u570b\u969b\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u5272\u4e86\u5fe0\u8aa0\u5ea6\u201d (Hendrik Spruyt ( 1994 ). The Sovereign State and Its Competitors<\/em> , p. 194) \u3002 Stephen D. Krasner (The durability of organized hypocrisy)\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u66f4\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5167\u7684\u6230\u7565\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u4ed6\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u8a72\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u53c3\u8207\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5275\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u52d5\u529b\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86 \uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u6bd4\u6c7a\u7b56\u8005\u6240\u80fd\u8a2d\u60f3\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7d50\u69cb\u904b\u4f5c\u5f97\u66f4\u597d \u3002 \u7136\u800c Krasner \u4e26\u4e0d\u5426\u8a8d\u5373\u5c07\u767c\u751f\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u8b8a\u9769\u3002\u7576\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b0\u60c5\u6cc1\u662f\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5a01\u8105\u73fe\u4ee3\u548c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b89\u5168\u5229\u76ca\u3002Krasner \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7522\u751f\u58d3\u529b \uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ee5\u898f\u5247\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u812b\u9264\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u507d\u5584\uff0c\u4e26\u76f8\u61c9\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u57fa\u672c\u898f\u5247\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VI<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5206\u6790\u6b50\u76df\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7576\u4ee3\u82e6\u96e3\u7684\u8655\u7406\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3002\u6b50\u6d32\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7279\u5225\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u70ba\u8a66\u5716\u78ba\u5b9a\u5176\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u601d\u8003\u7d20\u6750\u3002\u6b50\u76df\u5e38\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\u524a\u5f31\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u6548\u4eff\u7684\u699c\u6a23\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u5730\u63a8\u52d5\u6211\u5011\u9032\u5165\u5f8c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6b50\u6d32\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8af7\u523a\u76db\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u6700\u521d\u7684\u53cd\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8a08\u756b\u73fe\u5728\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u5c0d\u5efa\u570b\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u7528\u5177\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u570b\u65d7\u3001\u570b\u6b4c\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u9084\u6709\u4e3b\u6b0a\u672c\u8eab\uff1f\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u6700\u8fd1\u6fc0\u70c8\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u662f\uff0c\u6b50\u76df\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u806f\u90a6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u5e1d\u570b\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7acb\u5834\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u5e73\u606f\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\u3002Hegel \u66fe\u7d93\u5beb\u9053\uff0c \u201c\u5982\u679c\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7406\u89e3\u570b\u5bb6\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u66f4\u8271\u9245\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u201d (Georg Friedrich Wilhelm von Hegel ( 1991 ). Elements of the Philosophy of Right<\/em> , p. 307. )\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u8981\u78ba\u5b9a\u6b50\u6d32\u5230\u5e95\u6703\u767c\u751f\u751a\u9ebc\u4e8b\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u904e\u65bc\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u5408\u9069\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u4f86\u5c0d\u6b50\u76df\u9032\u884c\u5206\u985e\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u5b78\u8853\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e00\u5834\u6d88\u8017\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6cd5\u5b78\u8005\u9592\u6687\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u5708\u5b50\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8853\u8a9e\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u6709\u8457\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b50\u76df\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u5b83\u9084\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u5b83\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7576\u524d\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u662f\u5617\u8a66\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1 Stephen Krasner (The durability of organized hypocrisy)\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6b50\u76df\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5c64\u9762\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u6b0a\u69cb\u6210\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5176\u7d93\u9a57\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u8907\u88fd\uff0c\u4f46\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u5176\u975e\u5e38\u898f\u67b6\u69cb\u5df2\u7d93\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u6982\u5ff5\u5275\u65b0\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5275\u65b0\u5df2\u7d93\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u547d\u904b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8853\u9818\u57df\u3002\u5728\u6b50\u76df\u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u5920\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u9577\u7684\u300c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u300d\u2014\u2014 \u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5011\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u800c\u4e14\u9084\u80fd\u5920\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u5728\u652f\u6301\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6a5f\u69cb\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u8d70\u4e86\u5f88\u9577\u4e00\u6bb5\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b93\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u767c\u751f\u8f49\u79fb\u6216\u4f7f\u5176\u5206\u96e2\u55ce\uff1f\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u4eba\u540c\u610f Krasner \u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u81f3\u9ad8\u7121\u4e0a\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6982\u5ff5\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u81ea 1964 \u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\u5c31\u88ab\u5949\u70ba\u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6cd5\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u7121\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u9810\u8a2d\u4e86\u806f\u76df\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff1f \u518d\u6b21\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5c07\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u3001\u5118\u7ba1\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u9ad4\u3002\u6280\u8853\u722d\u8ad6\u5fc5\u7136\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u4e2d\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002 Carl Schmitt \u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u6de1\u5316\u6b50\u76df\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u6700\u7d42\u6b0a\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u5c6c\u65bc\u201c\u6700\u7d42\u4ef2\u88c1\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6975\u9650\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u5df2\u9677\u5165\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u7db2\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u9818\u57df\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u767c\u8a00\u6b0a\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u5011 \u2014\u2014 \u6b63\u5982\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u9ede \u2014\u2014 \u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u7db2\u7d61\u4e2d\u89e3\u812b\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u91cd\u7533\u5176\u4f11\u7720\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u9192\u6b50\u76df\uff1a\u5176\u5171\u8b58\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Carl Schmitt \u6311\u91c1\u6027\u5730\u8aaa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0d\u80fd\u8b49\u660e\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4f8b\u5916\u60c5\u6cc1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u4e00\u5207 \u201d ( Carl Schmitt(1922). Political theology : four new chapters on the concept of sovereignty<\/em>)\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8655\u7406\u6975\u7aef\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u5be6\u8e10\u53ca\u5176\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5283\u5206\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u6b50\u76df\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4e26\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u6b50\u76df\u5f9e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6210\u679c\u3002 \u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u62cb\u68c4\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba \u201c\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7d55\u5c0d\u6216\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3002 \u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u90fd\u5c0d\u5176\u5167\u90e8\u4e8b\u52d9\u64c1\u6709\u6700\u7d42\u6b0a\u529b\u201d\u3002(Neil MacCormick (1999). Questioning Sovereignty: Law, State and Practical Reason<\/em> p. 132) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u9858\u610f\u62d2\u7d55\u7d71\u4e00\u4e3b\u6b0a\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4f86\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b83\uff1f \u8a31\u591a\uff08\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6578\uff09\u6b50\u6d32\u6cd5\u5b78\u8005\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u8a8d\u53ef\u4e00\u7a2e\u5206\u985e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5176\u50cf\u5fb5\u6027\u8a9e\u8a00\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u3001\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u5207\u5272\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u56b4\u683c\u91cd\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u8a8d\u771f\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u633d\u6551\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u9858\u610f\u653e\u68c4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u640f\u3002\u96f6\u788e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u90a3\u4e9b\u8072\u7a31\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u4eba\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u3002\u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\u8a9e\u8a00\u5e38\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u5728\u81ea\u89ba\u8af7\u523a\u7684\u5f15\u865f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fee\u8fad\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u5171\u4eab\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5206\u5272\u300d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7b49\u5947\u602a\u7d44\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8868\u660e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8ca8\u5e63\u7684\u5931\u6557\u6216\u7834\u7522\u3002\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u89e3\u91cb\u8a9e\u8a00 \u201d(Neil Walker (2003). Sovereignty in Transition)\u3002\u9451\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u5805\u6301\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u4e3b\u6b0a\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u518d\u6b21\u8a66\u5716\u63f4\u5f15\u6b0a\u529b\u6388\u6b0a\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u653e\u68c4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u7e3d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u56de\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u537b\u56e0\u5ffd\u8996\u5728\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e3b\u6b0a\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u56b4\u53b2\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u7576\u55ae\u4f4d\u96c6\u9ad4\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6642\uff0c\u5f9e\u5176\u7bc4\u570d\u4e2d\u522a\u9664\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u300c\u6536\u96c6\u300d\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cNeil MacCormick (Sovereignty and after) \u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u6bd4\u4f5c\u5931\u53bb\u7ae5\u8c9e \u2014\u2014 \u6709\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u65b0\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5f97\u51fa\u6b50\u6d32\u5df2\u7d93\u9054\u5230\u5f8c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neil MacCormick \u548c Michel Troper (The survival of sovereignty)\u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u4e3b\u6b0a\u547d\u904b\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u5169\u4f4d\u5091\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8a55\u4f30\u4e26\u88dc\u5145\u6709\u95dc\u6b50\u6d32\u8a08\u5283\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5169\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u95e1\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0d\u6297\u5c0d\u65b9\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002 MacCormick \u548c Troper \u90fd\u4ee5 Raymond Carr\u00e9 de Malberg<\/a> \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\u4e09\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u3002Carr\u00e9 de Malberg \u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u4e00\u4f4d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5b78\u8aaa\u4e2d\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5370\u8a18\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\u537b\u9bae\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5 \u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5169\u7ae0\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u4fee\u6b63\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5c07\u9019\u4f4d\u6cd5\u570b\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5f9e\u907a\u5fd8\u4e2d\u62ef\u6551\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u56f0\u5883\u6709\u8457\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002MacCormick \u548c Troper \u90fd\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u672c\u66f8\u958b\u982d\u5e7e\u7ae0\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u4e3b\u6b0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b78\u5c6c\u65bc\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u6216\u6a5f\u69cb\uff1fTroper \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cCarr\u00e9 de Malberg \u5217\u51fa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4eca\u5929\u5f88\u96e3\u5c31\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u627f\u64d4\u8005\u95e1\u660e\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cMacCormick \u70ba\u4ed6\u5148\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u6b50\u76df\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u4e43\u81f3\u6b50\u76df\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u300c\u5f8c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300d\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8faf\u8b77\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4ed6\u5c07\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8996\u70ba\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u898f\u7bc4\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6216\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u6307\u63ee\u6b0a\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u300d\u6216\u570b\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u5730\u5efa\u69cb\u5f8c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u806f\u90a6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u6b50\u76df\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u7a2e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 VII<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5728\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u63ed\u79d8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5875\u57c3\u843d\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u5462\uff1f \u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u8fce\u63a5\u65b0\u7684\u66f4\u5ee3\u95ca\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u671b\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002Neil MacCormick \u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u64fa\u812b\u6240\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u50cf\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u6b0a\u529b\u4f86\u6e90\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u767c\u73fe\u63a1\u53d6\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u3001\u66f4\u5206\u6563\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 \u201d(Neil MacCormick , ( 1993 ). \u2018 Beyond the Sovereign State<\/em>\u2019 ) \u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e0c\u671b\u70ba\u300c\u5730\u7403\u6751\u300d\u95e1\u8ff0\u5354\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u539f\u5247\u4e5f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u70ba\u963b\u6493\u884c\u70ba\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u722d\u8ad6\u6027\u7684\u505c\u6b62\u6a19\u8a8c\u3002\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u300c\u788e\u7247\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u4e2d\u611f\u5230\u6df1\u6df1\u8ff7\u5931\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u7528 James Rosenau \u5f15\u5165\u7684\uff08\u5e7e\u4e4e\u767c\u97f3\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff09\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u6307\u5b9a\u788e\u7247\u8207\u6574\u5408\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u6df7\u5408\u9ad4 (James N. Rosenau( 2003 ). Distant Proximities: Dynamics Beyond Globalization<\/em>)\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u50cf\u662f\u7531\u975e\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u548c\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7d44\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u9069\u5408\u5f8c\u570b\u5bb6\u683c\u5c40\u4e26\u80fd\u5920\u8655\u7406\u65b0\u7684\u300c\u8de8\u570b\u554f\u984c\u300d\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u8cac\u4efb\u751a\u81f3\u6b0a\u529b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u300c\u6cbb\u7406\u300d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u6d6e\u52d5\u548c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002 \u6cbb\u7406\u4e26\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u8d77\u6e90\u9ede\u639b\u9264 \u2014\u2014 \u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u4ee3\u7406\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u81ea\u767c\u6027\u5730\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u7a2e\u64fa\u812b\u4e86\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6b77\u53f2\u58d3\u8259\u7269\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u73cd\u60dc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8207\u8cac\u4efb\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u6b63\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u672a\u77e5\uff1a\u201c \u570d\u7e5e\u652f\u96e2\u7834\u788e\u3001\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u91cd\u7d44\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5340\u5206\u6b0a\u529b\u8207\u8cac\u4efb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u201d(Christopher Bickerton, Philip Cunliffe, Alex Gourevitch (2007). Politics Without Sovereignty: A Critique of Contemporary International Relations<\/em>)\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u64d4\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u96e2\uff0c\u5c07\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f7f\u5176\u8b8a\u5f97\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff0c\u4e26\u5207\u65b7\u5176\u8207\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u7279\u6b0a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u4eba\u8072\u7a31\u300c\u96a8\u8457\u9818\u571f\u4e3b\u6b0a\u653f\u6cbb\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u985b\u8986\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u8ff0\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ca7\u4e4f\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u79e9\u5e8f\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u65bc\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7559\u4e0b\u4efb\u4f55\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u3002\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u300d\u3002(Konrad Sp\u00e4th( 2005 ). \u2018Inside Global Governance: New Borders of a Concept\u2019 in Criticizing Global Governance<\/em>, ed. Markus Ledererand Philipp S. M\u00fcller , New York , pp. 21\u201345)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u60f3\u8981\u95e1\u660e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u9762\u5c0d\u5c07\u653f\u6cbb\u7a7a\u9593\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u908a\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u570b\u5167\u985e\u6bd4\u3002\u5118\u7ba1 J\u00fcri Lipping (Sovereignty beyond the state) \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6b63\u9762\u8fce\u63a5\u9019\u9805\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8457\u624b\u70ba\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\u6383\u6e05\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u4fe1\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\u5fc5\u9808\u6210\u70ba\u672a\u4f86\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Lipping \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c07\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u812b\u7bc0\u4e26\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u5916\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u5b83\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5225\u7121\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u4ed6\u767c\u5c55\u4e86Hannah Arendt \u548c Carl Schmitt \u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u5171\u6709\u7684\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u516c\u5171\u6027\u6216\u958b\u653e\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u70ba\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u4e9b\u7dda\u7d22\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5c0d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0cPatrick Praet (Prolegomena to the post-sovereign Rechtsstaat) \u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u201c\u5f8c\u4e3b\u6b0a post-sovereign\u201d \u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002\u4ed6\u62d2\u7d55\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u300c\u570b\u5bb6\u6216\u570b\u969b\u300d\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\uff0cRechtsstaat \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u300c\u570b\u969b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5e02\u653f\u300d\u5c64\u9762\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5c0d\u5176\u95dc\u9375\u7279\u5fb5\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u8cea\u5206\u6790\u3002Praet \u5c0d\u6b50\u76df\u6210\u54e1\u570b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u9019\u6bb5\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002\u7576\u8ac7\u5230\u7dad\u8b77\u653f\u6cbb\u4e09\u6b0a\u5206\u7acb\u6642 \uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u6b50\u76df\u6cd5\u5f8b\u79e9\u5e8f\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4fdd\u8b77\u57fa\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u6b0a\u6cd5\u9662\u7b49\u8d85\u570b\u5bb6\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\u53ea\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u8b9a\u63da\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u6c7a\u5b9a\u62b5\u5236\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5373\u5c07\u7d42\u7d50\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7576\u7136\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u8e0f\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4f54\u64da\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u5b83\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8207\u5009\u4fc3\u65b7\u8a00\u5176\u6d88\u4ea1\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u6bd4\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u662f\uff0c\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8996\u70ba\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684 \u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u77e9\u9663 matrix of the political\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e \u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u77e9\u9663\u201d \u7e3d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u908a \uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u300d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u5ffd\u7565\u5b83\u5728\u591a\u7a2e\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u904e\u53bb\u4e86\uff0cHans J. Morgenthau \u7684\u8a71 \u201c\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u539f\u5247\u7684\u8b74\u8cac \u2026\u2026 \u6bd4\u8a8d\u771f\u52aa\u529b\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u539f\u5247\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u6240\u767c\u63ee\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u767c\u751f\u983b\u7387\u8981\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u201d \u4ecd\u7136\u4ee4\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0 (Morgenthau , Hans J,( 1966 ). Politics among Nations<\/em>)\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u634d\u885b\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e26\u8072\u7a31\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4ecd\u7136\u5b8c\u597d\u7121\u640d\u3002\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e14\u5b8c\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u7d50\u8ad6\u8207\u6beb\u7121\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5ba3\u5e03\u5176\u6d88\u4ea1\u4e00\u6a23\u8106\u5f31\uff1a\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u5047\u8a2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u6b0a\u9019\u6a23\u7684 \u201c\u6771\u897f\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8655\u7406\u5b83\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ad6\u8b49\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u76f8\u7576\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u7528\u9014\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u985e\u4f3c\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u60f3\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u8cea\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u9ecf\u5408\u5291\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u7528\u9014\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VIII<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u672c \u201cSovereignty in Fragments<\/em>\u201d \u66f8\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63a2\u8a0e\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u591a\u7a2e\u4e14\u5e38\u5e38\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u5f35 \u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a sovereignty\u201d \u3002\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u63f4\u5f15\u662f\u6709\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\uff1a\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8981\u6c42\u53d7\u5230\u5e1d\u570b\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u5efa\u8a2d\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5e72\u9810\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u4ed6\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u6982\u5ff5 \uff0c\u5982\u6b0a\u529b\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u6b63\u7fa9\u6230\u722d\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5011\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86 Hent Kalmo , Quentin Skinner \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8a9e\u6cd5 grammar of sovereignty\u201d \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u7a2e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5851\u9020\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5851\u9020\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5177\u6709\u9069\u61c9\u4e0d\u540c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u9a5a\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b78\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5176\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5176\u904b\u4f5c\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5176\u672a\u4f86\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96d6\u7136\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f \u201c\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u4f86\u6e90 an argumentative source\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\u6230\u7565\u6027\u7684\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6f14\u8b8a\u5206\u958b\u3002\u9019\u662f\u64b0\u7a3f\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5168\u66f8\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u4e3b\u6b0a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3001\u6b0a\u5a01\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\uff09\u7684\u5171\u540c\u69cb\u6210\u548c\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4f5c\u8005\u5011\u6240\u8b49\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u5e6b\u52a9\u4eba\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u96b1\u55bb\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u66ff\u7406\u8ad6\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1b \u8207\u300c\u5f8c\u679c\u908f\u8f2f\u300d\u6216\u300c\u9069\u7576\u6027\u908f\u8f2f\u300d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8a00\u8ad6\u300d\u548c\u300c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8a9e\u6cd5\u300d\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u767c\u9054\u4e14\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u53d7\u76ca\u65bc\u5c0d\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b78\u8005\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u300c\u8ad6\u8b49\u908f\u8f2f\u300d\u6587\u737b\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u53c3\u8207\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hent Kalmo , Quentin Skinner \u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5143\u6558\u4e8b\u548c\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\uff08\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u897f\u6b50\u3001\u5317\u6b50\u548c\u6b50\u76df\uff09\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5efa\u69cb\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u53cd\u6620\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u6558\u4e8b\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u5d4c\u5165\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u4e2d\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cQuentin Skinner \u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8981\u6c42\u5f9e\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u570b\u5bb6\u3002Denis Brander \u5728\u6709\u95dc 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u6cd5\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7de8\u7e82\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6b0a\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5e7e\u7ae0\u5728\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u6b63\u7fa9\u6230\u722d\u3001\u5f37\u5236\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u50c5\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Jens Bartelson\uff09\u95dc\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8207\u81ea\u885b\u4e4b\u9593\u300c\u96d9\u91cd\u675f\u7e1b\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4ecd\u7136\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u548c\u4eba\u7269\u3002mal de Bodin\u3001Thomas Hobbes\u3001Hugo Grotius \u548c John Austin \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u5ee3\u6cdb\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u50c5 Thomas Hobbes \u4e00\u4eba\u5c31\u5728\u5e7e\u7ae0\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8a73\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6b50\u6d32\u8faf\u8ad6\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u8faf\u8ad6\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u4e5f\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u660e\u986f\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5728\u5c08\u9580\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6b50\u76df\u7684\u5e7e\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u6b50\u76df\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5f88\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5728\u53f8\u6cd5\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e4b\u9593\u6416\u64fa\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u5169\u8005\u3002\u53f8\u6cd5\u8faf\u8ad6\u6d89\u53ca\u6709\u95dc Brussels \u7684\u61b2\u6cd5\u548c\u689d\u7d04\u5236\u5b9a\u6b0a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b98\u50da\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u6280\u8853\u554f\u984c\u3002\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u57fa\u8abf\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8868\u660e\u6b50\u76df\u662f\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u8cac\u4efb \u2014\u2014 \u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u300c\u300e\u6700\u4f73\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300f\u6216\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6700\u4f73\u6b0a\u529b\u5206\u914d\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08 p 9 \uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u4f5c\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u78ba\u5be6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u6b50\u76df\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Stephen Krasner \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6b50\u6d32\u4e3b\u6b0a\u8faf\u8ad6\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u6709\u95dc\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u4e3b\u6b0a\u73fe\u72c0\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6b50\u76df\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9060\u96e2\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5c0d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5e72\u9810\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5e7e\u9805\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u884c\u52d5 \u2014\u2014 \u5e72\u9810 Kosovo\u3001\u5c07\u4e3b\u6b0a\u300c\u4ea4\u9084\u300d\u7d66 Iraq\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u53c3\u8207 Iraq \u548c Afghanistan \u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u88fd\u5b9a\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u79c1\u4eba\u8ecd\u4e8b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u7121\u4eba\u6a5f<\/a>\u8972\u64ca\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u3001\u95dc\u65bc\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u806f\u90a6\u76f4\u8f44\u90e8\u843d\u5730\u5340 (FATA, Federally Administered Tribal Areas) \u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u3001Guantanamo \u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u8f44\u5730\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u548c\u8a55\u4f30\u5176\u672a\u4f86\u65b9\u9762\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6bd4\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u6b50\u76df\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u9662\u5c0d\u8607\u4e39\u7e3d\u7d71 Omar al-Bashir \u7684\u8d77\u8a34\u3001\u53f0\u7063\u548c\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u6b0a\u529b\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u6709\u4f55\u555f\u793a\u3002\u5f9e\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u5c08\u9580\u95dc\u6ce8\u6b50\u76df\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u78ba\u5be6\u5c0d\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b50\u6d32\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53d6\u5411\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bcc\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u99c1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cStephen Krasner \u8cea\u7591\u6b50\u76df\u5be6\u9a57\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u5c07\u6b0a\u529b\u554f\u984c\u5e36\u5165\u4e86\u8faf\u8ad6 \u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u76f8\u7576\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c07\u500b\u64c1\u6709\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u6b78\u985e\u70ba \u201c\u5931\u6557\u201d \u6216 \u201c\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0d\u5584\u201d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u64c1\u6709\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6216\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u6f5b\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e9b\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u6210\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\uff0cKrasner \u9810\u8a08\u5c07\u983b\u7e41\u9032\u884c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5e72\u9810\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u8b8a\u4e3b\u6b0a\u898f\u5247\u3002\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\uff0cMartti Koskeniemi \u5c0d\u5171\u540c\u4e3b\u984c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u56de\u9867\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u5bcc\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5df2\u7d93\u4e26\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6210\u70ba\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u7cfb\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u5f35\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u4e3b\u6b0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u6bb5\u3001\u5730\u9ede\u548c\u8faf\u8ad6\u800c\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8981\u9ede\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u5617\u8a66\u9032\u884c\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u548c\u591a\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u64f4\u5927\u4e3b\u6b0a\u5b78\u8853\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u53d7\u76ca\u65bc\u7d0d\u5165\u975e\u6b50\u6d32\u554f\u984c\u3001\u64d4\u6182\u548c\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u5c55\u9019\u4e00\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7576\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7d44\u6210\u8b8a\u5316\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5feb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u5617\u8a66\u8a8d\u771f\u8003\u616e\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u3002 \u7576\u4eba\u5011\u8ac7\u8ad6\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u53d6\u5f97\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u4fb5\u72af\u6216\u55aa\u5931\u6642\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f \u201cSovereignty in Fragments: The Past, Present and Future of a Contested Concept\u201d \u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u985e\u5225\u61c9\u7528\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4e26\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5b83\u6240\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u61b2\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e2b\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c08\u5bb6\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u6d88\u9664\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e7b\u60f3\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5 \uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u5438\u5f15\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u9ad8\u7d1a\u5b78\u751f\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx \u53f0\u7063\u9078\u8209\u518d\u6b21\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u7a2e\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6700\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\uff0c\u90a3\u5230\u5e95\u4e3b\u6b0a\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e3b\u6b0a\u4e4b\u540d\u63f4\u5f15\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f \u5b83\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9084\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\uff1f \u5728\u9019\u4e00\u95dc\u9375\u9ede\u4e0a\u5c1a\u672a\u9054\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5354\u8b70\u3002 I \u4e3b\u6b0a\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u662f\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u6307\u51fa\u6216\u8b74\u8cac\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u53cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u548c\u570b\u969b\u5f8b\u5e2b Alf Ross \u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u54ea\u500b\u9818\u57df\u50cf\u9019\u4e00\u6a23\u5982\u6b64\u6a21\u7cca\u548c\u6df7\u4e82\u201d ( Alf Ross ( 1947 ). A Textbook of International Law)\u3002\u4e3b\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u5e38\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5fb9\u982d\u5fb9\u5c3e\u7684\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u5f9e\u5176\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u8f49\u79fb\u5230 \u201c\u56f0\u64fe\u548c\u8ff7\u60d1\u7576\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u201d( Paul … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2nJ","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9159"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9160,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9159\/revisions\/9160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}