{"id":9166,"date":"2024-02-02T07:11:16","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T07:11:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9166"},"modified":"2024-02-02T07:11:20","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T07:11:20","slug":"index-a-history-of-the-a-bookish-adventure-from-medieval-manuscripts-to-the-digital-age","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/02\/02\/index-a-history-of-the-a-bookish-adventure-from-medieval-manuscripts-to-the-digital-age\/","title":{"rendered":"Index, a History of the – A Bookish Adventure from Medieval Manuscripts to the Digital Age"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u95b1\u8b80\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u6b77\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5192\u96aa\u63a2\u7d22\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7b97\u5e33\u7684\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Google \u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\u8003\u616e\u66f8\u7684\u5f8c\u9762 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u53ea\u662f\u4f60\u67e5\u627e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002 \u4f46\u6b63\u5982 Dennis Duncan \u5728\u9019\u90e8\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u800c\u8a7c\u8ae7\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u96b1\u85cf\u5728\u773e\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u88cf\u9762\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u91ce\u5fc3\u548c\u75f4\u8ff7\u3001\u722d\u5435\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u4eab\u6a02\u548c\u73a9\u800d\u3002 \u5728 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u9801\u9762\u4e2d \uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u627e\u5230\u8981\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5c60\u592b\uff0c\u6216\u6703\u751f\u706b\u7684\u4e73\u725b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728 John Calvin<\/a> \u7684\u623f\u9593\u88e1\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6\u548c Nonne\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u4e16\u754c\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u9ed8\u9ed8\u7121\u805e\u4f46\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u8f1d\u714c\u4f46\u9bae\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dennis Duncan \u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u5b83\u5f9e\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u548c\u5927\u5b78\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u77fd\u8c37\u7684\u5947\u7279\u8def\u5f91 \uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u7570\u6559\u5f92\u5f9e\u706b\u5211\u67f1\u4e0a\u62ef\u6551\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f7f\u653f\u5ba2\u9060\u96e2\u9ad8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u8ddf\u8457\u5b83\u7a7f\u904e\u5fb7\u570b\u5370\u5237\u5e97\u548c\u555f\u8499\u5496\u5561\u9928\u3001\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\u7684\u5ba2\u5ef3\u548c\u5927\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u6559\u7687\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u9996\u76f8\u3001\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u54e1\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u9084\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u54e1\u3002 Duncan \u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u65b7\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u641c\u7d22\u6642\u4ee3\u5145\u6eff\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u63a0\u596a\u8005 \u2014\u2014 \u516b\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u662f \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u63a0\u596a\u8005 index-raker\u201d \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u95b1\u8b80 Dennis Duncan \u7684\u4e00\u672c\u6a19\u984c\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u66f8 \u300a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u6b77\u53f2\uff1a\u5f9e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u624b\u7a3f\u5230\u6578\u4f4d\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u66f8\u5377\u5192\u96aa<\/a> <\/em>\u201cIndex, a History of the – A Bookish Adventure from Medieval Manuscripts to the Digital Age<\/a><\/em>\u201d\u300b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u60f3\u5230 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177 \u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u548c\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u7a31\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u975e\u5c0f\u8aaa\u985e\u5c0f\u8aaa\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u66f8\uff0c\u5f15\u5c0e\u6211\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u9801\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u5716\u66f8 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e8b\u5f8c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002 \u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u79d2\u9032\u884c\u6392\u7248\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5206\u9801\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u88ab\u64e0\u6210\u7a84\u6b04\uff0c\u4e26\u585e\u5728\u66f8\u7684\u5f8c\u9762\uff0c \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u662f\u666e\u901a\u975e\u5c0f\u8aaa\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u7684\u8a71\u3002 \u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u5c31\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u6703\u5728\u5931\u6557\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e1f\u5931\u6216\u932f\u8aa4\u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u689d\u76ee\u6703\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u5728\u9801\u9762\u4e0a\u5f92\u52de\u7121\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u5e38\u5be6\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff1a\u5b83\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u5f8c\u9762\u6f5b\u5165\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u7bc0\u7701\u5f9e\u982d\u958b\u59cb\u95b1\u8b80\u6587\u672c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002 Dennis Duncan \u5728\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u8a7c\u8ae7\u800c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4e86 Jonathan Swift \u7684\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u6377\u5f91\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u8207\u901a\u904e\u79c1\u4eba\u6d74\u5ba4\u9032\u5165\u5bae\u6bbf\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96d6\u7136 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7121\u7591\u662f\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u5b83\u9084\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5de5\u5177\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u559c\u5287\u548c\u722d\u8b70\u3001\u8a69\u6b4c\u548c\u667a\u6167\u7684\u5834\u6240\u3002 \u502b\u6566\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u82f1\u8a9e\u8b1b\u5e2b Dennis Duncan \u5728\u300a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u6b77\u53f2\uff1a\u5f9e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u624b\u7a3f\u5230\u6578\u4f4d\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u66f8\u5377\u5192\u96aa <\/em>\u201cIndex, a History of the – A Bookish Adventure from Medieval Manuscripts to the Digital Age<\/em>\u201d\u300b\u4e2d\u5982\u6b64\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002 Duncan \u5c0d\u300c\u95dc\u65bc\u66f8\u7c4d\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u300d\u985e\u578b\u4e26\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8207\u4eba\u5408\u7de8\u4e86 2019 \u5e74\u7684 \u201cBook Parts<\/em>\u201d\u5408\u96c6\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u5c07\u73fe\u4ee3\u66f8\u7c4d\u5f9e\u9632\u5875\u5957\u5230\u5c3e\u9801\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u89e3\u3002 Duncan \u81ea\u5df1\u95dc\u65bc \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u70ba\u9019\u9805\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6c83\u571f\u3002 Duncan \u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u897f\u6b50\u624b\u7a3f\u548c\u5370\u5237\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5c07\u5176\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5192\u96aa\u59cb\u65bc\u897f\u65b9 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u5b57\u6bcd\u9806\u5e8f\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0e\u822a\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1b\u5b83\u6703\u5206\u5272\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u503c\u5f97\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u504f\u898b\u7684\u9078\u64c7 \uff1b \u6b63\u5982 Duncan \u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5b57\u6bcd\u9806\u5e8f \uff0c \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u201c\u5f9e\u5167\u5bb9\u8f49\u5411\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f9e\u542b\u7fa9\u8f49\u5411\u62fc\u5beb\u201d\u3002 \u5b57\u6bcd\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u500b \u201c\u5049\u5927\u7684\u5747\u8861\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u5668 Indexer\u201d \u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u9032\u884c\u806f\u60f3\u8df3\u8e8d\uff0c\u201c\u7531\u55ae\u5b57\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u5f15\u767c\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u5730\u5411\u591a\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u767c\u5c04\u201d\u3002Dennis Duncan \u5c07 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65bc 13 \u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u82f1\u570b\u535a\u5b78\u5bb6 Robert Grosseteste\uff08\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u8b1b\u5e2b\u3001\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff09\u5275\u5efa\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684 \u201c\u8868\u683c Tabula\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8a2a\u554f\u5176\u5927\u91cf\u77e5\u8b58\u5132\u5099\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4f86\u6e90\u3002 \u300cTabula\u300d\u4f9d\u6982\u5ff5\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5206\u70ba 440 \u500b\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u958b\u59cb\u3002 Duncan \u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u56e0\u9700\u8981\u800c\u8a95\u751f\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u80fd\u5920 \u201c\u8b93\u5b87\u5b99\u64fa\u812b\u6df7\u4e82 cosmos out of chaos\u201d\u3002 \u201c\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u822c\u7684\u982d\u8166\u9700\u8981\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\u4f86\u70ba\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u201d ( p 48 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

13 \u4e16\u7d00\u7d93\u9662\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Robert Grosseteste \u7de8\u5236\u7684\u5340\u5206\u8868 (\u201c Tabula \u8868\u683c Table\u201d) \uff0cDuncan \u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba \u201c\u7f8a\u76ae\u7d19\u4e0a\u7684 Google \u201d\u3002 Grosseteste \u7684\u539f\u59cb\u641c\u5c0b\u5f15\u64ce\u900f\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u5e0c\u81d8\u548c\u7f85\u99ac\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u6578\u5b57\u3001\u9ec3\u9053\u5e36\u7b26\u865f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbf\u8457\u66f8\u7c4d\u908a\u7de3\u6392\u5217\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u300c\u8868\u60c5\u7b26\u865f\u6d41\u300d\u7684\u5b57\u5f62\u4f86\u5283\u5206\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 \u5c31\u50cf Google \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u300cTabula\u300d\u5438\u5f15\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u65b7\u64f4\u5f35\u3001\u6df7\u4e82\u7121\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff1aGrosseteste \u7684\u540d\u5b57\u610f\u601d\u662f \u201c\u5927\u982d\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u9871\u9aa8\u80fd\u5920\u7d44\u7e54\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002 Duncan \u5e36\u6211\u5011\u53bb\u4e86\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u5716\u66f8\u9928\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u4f5c\u70ba\u65e9\u671f \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u6309\u4f5c\u8005\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u9806\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002 \u53c3\u8003\u7891\u6587\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5145\u7576\u67b6\u5b50\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u6372\u8ef8\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e26\u9810\u793a\u5f8c\u4f86\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u529f\u80fd\uff1a \u201c\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u627e\u5230\u6771\u897f\u201d \uff08 p 33 \uff09\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6372\u8ef8\u4f54\u64da\u7d71\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002 Duncan \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8a72 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u69cb\u6210\u4e86 \u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u5b58\u53d6\u6280\u8853\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42 \u201c\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e2d\u9593\u6216\u7d50\u5c3e\u8207\u958b\u982d\u4e00\u6a23\u8f15\u9b06\u6253\u958b\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d ( p 7 )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u898f\u7bc4\u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u6563\u7684\u72c2\u71b1\uff0c\u8a72 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7d93\u5e38\u5047\u88dd\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u6709\u7528\u3002 \u5b83\u6700\u521d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8f15\u9b06\u7372\u5f97\u8056\u7d93\u5f15\u6587\uff1b \u66f4\u6311\u5254\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u98df\u6307( \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d)\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7528\u98df\u6307\u6233\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e26\u505a\u51fa\u61a4\u6012\u7684\u6307\u8cac\u3002 \u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6703\u7684\u7570\u7aef\u66f8\u7c4d\u76ee\u9304\u88ab\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\uff0c\u5728 Hamlet \u4e2d\uff0cGertrude  \u901a\u904e\u8a62\u554f\u4ed6\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc \u201c\u5728\u7d22\u5f15(\u98df\u6307)\u4e2d\u6253\u96f7 thunders in the index\u201d \u4f86\u62b5\u79a6\u5979\u61a4\u6012\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u7684\u653b\u64ca \uff08 p 109 \uff09\u3002 Samuel Richardson \u65bc 1755 \u5e74\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5de8\u8457 \u201cClarissa\u201d \u4e2d\u9644\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b \u201c\u555f\u767c\u6027\u60c5\u611f\u201d \u7d22\u5f15\uff1a\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u9805\u9072\u4f86\u7684\u7cfe\u6b63\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9019\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u559c\u6b61\u5973\u4e3b\u89d2\u66e0\u65e5\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u6027\u611b\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u4fdd\u8b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cRichardson \u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u300c\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u548c\u8b66\u544a\u300d\u7684\u683c\u8a00\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u300c\u5f37\u59e6\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6fc0\u767c\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u7ffb\u95b1\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684 2,000 \u9801\u3002\uff08 pp 160-161 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\uff0c \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\u7d42\u65bc\u5f97\u5230\u6eff\u8db3\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u66f8\u5206\u6210\u5e7e\u9801\uff0c\u624b\u6284\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u5728\u5e7e\u79d2\u9418\u5167\u8a2a\u554f\u4efb\u4f55\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u6258\u7f3d\u50e7\u7684\u8208\u8d77\uff0c\u66f8\u7c4d\u4f5c\u70ba\u5de5\u5177\u6240\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u540c\u6642\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u8056\u7d93\u5206\u6790\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002 \u5728\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u725b\u6d25\uff0cRobert Grosseteste \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u5f0f\u91ce\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e64\u8056\u7d93\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 \u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\uff0cHugh of Saint-Cher \u4ed6\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0b\u7684 Dominican \u4fee\u58eb\u5011\u958b\u5c55\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ba\u7279\u5b9a\u55ae\u5b57\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u88fd\u4f5c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8056\u7d93\u7d22\u5f15\u3002 \u5c0d Duncan \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cGrosseteste \u548c Hugh of Saint-Cher \u7684\u52aa\u529b\u914d\u7f6e\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f71\u97ff\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u53c3\u6578 \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u55ae\u5b57\u8207\u6982\u5ff5\uff1b\u7d22\u5f15\u8207\u4e3b\u984c\u7d22\u5f15\uff1b\u7279\u5b9a\u8207\u666e\u904d\u201d\uff08 p 51 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u85c9\u7531\u9801\u78bc\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u548c\u5370\u5237\u8853\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u5ee3\u6cdb\u50b3\u64ad\u3002 \u5b83\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207\u6d41\u6d3e\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u5728\u6545\u4e8b\u66f8\u4e2d\u548c\u4ee4\u4eba\u8208\u596e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u91ab\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e00\u6a23\u983b\u7e41\u51fa\u73fe\u3002 \u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u65bc\u66f8\u7684\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5207\u5165\u9ede\u6216\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u95b1\u8b80\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u7684\u61a4\u6012\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8b66\u544a\u8aaa\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u6703\u9f13\u52f5\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u95b1\u8b80\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dennis Duncan \u5411\u6211\u5011\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5e7e\u8d77\u6d89\u53ca\u6b66\u5668\u5316 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u722d\u9b25\u3002 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u8af7\u523a\u4e00\u4f4d\u7af6\u722d\u5c0d\u624b\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u5c0f\u518a\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u544a\u8a34\u8b80\u8005\u5728\u54ea\u88cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u95dc\u65bc \u201c\u4ed6\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u9a5a\u7684\u9072\u920d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4ed6\u7684\u8fc2\u8150\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4ed6\u7684\u611a\u8822\u8afa\u8a9e\u96c6\u201d\u3002 \u8af7\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c0d\u8a72\u7d22\u5f15\u5c07\u4f54\u64da\u512a\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u5b83\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8b80\u8005\u78ba\u5be6\u5148\u67e5\u95b1 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u67e5\u95b1\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7d22\u5f15\u8005\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u3002 Duncan \u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff0c \u201c\u6d41\u6c13\u7d22\u5f15\u2014\u2014 \u91dd\u5c0d\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7d22\u5f15 \u2014\u2014\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6642\u5c1a\u201d\uff08 p 140 \uff09\u3002 \u5728\u82f1\u570b\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u8faf\u8ad6\u4ee5 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u70ba\u821e\u53f0\u3002 \u7576 Whig \u9ee8\u5021\u5c0e\u8005 John Oldmixon \u53d7\u8058\u70ba Laurence Echard \u7684\u89aa\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u6b77\u53f2 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6a5f\u6703\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d Whig \u9ee8\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u540c\u60c5\u585e\u9032\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u7531\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u9ee8\u6240\u5beb\u7684\u66f8\u7684\u5f8c\u9762\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u6d89\u53ca\u5b30\u5152\u548c\u6696\u934b\u7684\u760b\u72c2 Whig \u9ee8\u9670\u8b00\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u4e14\u7121\u53ef\u53cd\u99c1\uff0cDuncan \u9019\u672c\u8070\u660e\u3001\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u66f8\u5c07\u9f13\u52f5\u4f60\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u8a72 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5be6\u7528\u6027\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u9805\u985b\u8986\u6027\u5275\u65b0\u3002\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u6642\u9593\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u4ee5\u53ca\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u201d \uff0c Duncan \u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b3d\u4f69\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6027\u3002 \u201c\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u7d44\u7e54\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201d \u6578\u4f4d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6ce5\u6f6d\u88ab\u641c\u5c0b\u5f15\u64ce\u7d22\u5f15\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u95b1\u8b80\u548c\u5beb\u4f5c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e00\u5207 \u2014\u2014 \u6e9d\u901a\u3001\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7af6\u722d\u3001\u7126\u616e\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u60e1\u4f5c\u5287\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96a8\u8457\u5370\u5237\u6a5f\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u6fc0\u589e\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u63a0\u596a\u8005 index-raker\u201d \u9019\u500b\u8f15\u8511\u7684\u7dbd\u865f\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7dbd\u865f\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7121\u7aef\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5f15\u6587\u662f\u5f9e\u4ed6\u67e5\u95b1\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u8b80\u904e\u5176\u5be6\u969b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\u6458\u9304\u7684\u3002 \u56de\u60f3\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u6050\u614c\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u6709\u4e9b\u904e\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982 Duncan \u6316\u82e6\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u9ebc\u8aaa\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u964c\u751f\u7684\u3002 \u201c\u66f8\u7c4d\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a\u627c\u6bba 17 \u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u8a8d\u70ba\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u6280\u8853\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u6162\u6162\u5730\u7121\u7e2b\u5730\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002Duncan \u5c0d\u7576\u4ee3\u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u5169\u500b\u57fa\u790e \u2014\u2014 \u5b57\u6bcd\u9806\u5e8f\u548c\u5206\u9801 \u2014\u2014 \u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u660e\u7684\u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u751f\u52d5\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 \u5b57\u6bcd\u9806\u5e8f\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u7fa9\u800c\u662f\u62fc\u5beb\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u5b83\u5728\u6574\u500b\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u90fd\u5f88\u5c11\u898b\uff0c\u88ab\u8511\u8996\u70ba \u201c\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u9762 the antithesis of reason\u201d \u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5f37\u52a0 ( p 27 )\u3002 \u81f3\u65bc\u9801\u78bc\u7de8\u865f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8207\u6587\u672c \u201c\u7121\u60c5\u5730\u4e0d\u76f8\u95dc\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5 \u2014\u2014 \u7121\u79ae\u5730\u5805\u6301\u70ba\u6bcf\u4e00\u9801\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u500b\u7de8\u865f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5206\u5272\u6bb5\u843d\u3001\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u55ae\u8a5e \u2014\u2014 \u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fb5\u5165\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f86\u9069\u61c9 \u3002\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u7684\u5fe0\u8aa0\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u8ad6\u9ede\u6216\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u5fe0\u8aa0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0d\u5be6\u9ad4\u66f8\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5fe0\u8aa0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u6bb5\u5c0d\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f4\u89c0\u3002 \u4f46\u6700\u7d42\u8a72\u7d22\u5f15\u8b8a\u5f97\u8db3\u5920\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u8070\u660e\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u7c21\u6f54\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u7c21\u6f54\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba\u667a\u6167\u7684\u7d55\u4f73\u8f09\u9ad4 \u2014\u2014 \u523a\u7a7f\u81a8\u8139\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u7a7a\u8ac7\u7684\u6d6e\u8a87\u7684\u5012\u523a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dennis Duncan \u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u53e4\u8001\u800c\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u5e36\u5165\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9019\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u7684\u5929\u8ce6 \u2014\u2014 \u5bcc\u6709\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u9075\u5b88\u7d00\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8f15\u9b06\u7684\u7b46\u89f8\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u6df1\u5967\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u4ed6\u9084\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u865b\u69cb \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u8a72\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002 \uff08Duncan \u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u66f8\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u672c\u95dc\u65bc Oulipo \u7684\u66f8 ( \u201cThe Oulipo and Modern Thought\uff0c2019<\/em>\u201d ) \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5148\u92d2\u6d3e\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u8005\u5617\u8a66\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u7d04\u675f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u3002\uff09 J.G. Ballard \u7684\u6545\u4e8b \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u689d\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5 Z \u958b\u982d\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u6558\u8ff0\u7684\u7d50\u675f\uff1b Nabokov \u5c0f\u8aaa\u300a\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u706b Pale Fire\u300b\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64 \u2014\u2014\u300cZembla<\/em>\uff0c\u9059\u9060\u7684\u5317\u65b9\u571f\u5730\u300d\u3002( p 23 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u9806\u5e8f\u8207\u5b83\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u5f15\u8d77\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u4e00\u672c\u5927\u5f97\u4ee4\u4eba\u751f\u754f\u7684\u66f8\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u662f\u5426\u6703\u6c7a\u5b9a\u53ea\u700f\u89bd\u64ec\u50cf \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7c21\u77ed\u6458\u8981 \u2014\u2014 \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dennis Duncan \u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\u4ee3\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7126\u616e \u2014\u2014 \u61f7\u7591 Google \u8b93\u7372\u53d6\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u61f6\u60f0\u548c\u611a\u8822\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6dfa\u7058\u4e0a\u6ed1\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5192\u96aa\u9032\u5165\u6df1\u8655\u3002 Duncan \u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u64d4\u5fc3\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\u3002 \u201c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b77\u53f2\u8996\u89d2\u5c0d\u795e\u7d93\u6709\u597d\u8655\u201d \u3002 \u4f46\u4ed6\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6578\u4f4d\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u8ff7\u6200\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u53ca\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6771\u897f \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5e36\u6709\u7de8\u5236\u8005\u7684\u5370\u8a18\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIndex, a History of the<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u526f\u6a19\u984c\u662f \u201cA Bookish Adventure from Medieval Manuscripts to the Digital Age<\/em>\u201d\u3002 \u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u66f8\u5377\u6c23 \u2014\u2014 Duncan \u5e73\u975c\u5730\u5c0d \u201c\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u516c\u5171\u5496\u5561\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u201d\u5145\u6eff\u71b1\u60c5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7576\u5b83\u767c\u751f\u5728 \u201c\u559d\u8457\u9905\u4e7e\u201d \u7684\u6642\u5019 ( p 246 )\u3002 \u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5bcc\u6709\u5192\u96aa\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f77\u5f7f\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u7d1a\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8cfd\u8eca\u4e00\u6a23\u52a0\u901f\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6 \u201c\u8a66\u99d5\u201d\u4e86 Grosseteste \u7684 \u201c\u8868\u683c Tabula\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8072\u7a31\u7de8\u865f\u9801\u7684\u51fa\u73fe \u201c\u52a0\u901f\u201d \u4e86\u7d22\u5f15\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002 \u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u982d\u6688\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d \u201c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u624b\u7a3f\u7684\u9709\u5473\u751c\u76ae\u9769\u5473\u201d \u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u8208\u596e\uff0c\u800c 15 \u4e16\u7d00\u4f48\u9053\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u65c1\u6ce8\u5247\u7d66\u4e86\u4ed6 \u201c\u6211\u5c0d\u6a94\u6848\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u6700\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57… \u2026\u2026\u6211\u611f\u89ba\u81ea\u5df1\u5feb\u8981\u843d\u6dda\u4e86\u3002\u201d \u9019\u7a2e\u9813\u609f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f \u770b\u4f3c\u5927\u5beb\u7684 J \u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u6578\u5b57 1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u67e5\u770b \u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5217\u5370\u7684\u9801\u78bc\u201d \u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u9019\u7a2e\u5b78\u8853\u72c2\u559c\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0cDuncan \u5f9e\u6700\u65e9\u7de8\u5236\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u52e4\u596e\u7267\u5e2b\u90a3\u88e1\u7e7c\u627f\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u611f\uff1a\u5c0d\u65bc\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u611b\u597d\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u795e\u8056\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u95b1\u8b80\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u6b77\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5192\u96aa\u63a2\u7d22\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7b97\u5e33\u7684\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Google \u7684\u7a2e\u5b50\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\u8003\u616e\u66f8\u7684\u5f8c\u9762 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u53ea\u662f\u4f60\u67e5\u627e\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002 \u4f46\u6b63\u5982 Dennis Duncan \u5728\u9019\u90e8\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u800c\u8a7c\u8ae7\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u96b1\u85cf\u5728\u773e\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u88cf\u9762\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u91ce\u5fc3\u548c\u75f4\u8ff7\u3001\u722d\u5435\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u4eab\u6a02\u548c\u73a9\u800d\u3002 \u5728 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u9801\u9762\u4e2d \uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u627e\u5230\u8981\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5c60\u592b\uff0c\u6216\u6703\u751f\u706b\u7684\u4e73\u725b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728 John Calvin \u7684\u623f\u9593\u88e1\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6\u548c Nonne\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86 \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u201d \u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u4e16\u754c\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u9ed8\u9ed8\u7121\u805e\u4f46\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6709\u8457\u8f1d\u714c\u4f46\u9bae\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u3002 Dennis Duncan \u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u5b83\u5f9e\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7d00\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u548c\u5927\u5b78\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u77fd\u8c37\u7684\u5947\u7279\u8def\u5f91 \uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u7570\u6559\u5f92\u5f9e\u706b\u5211\u67f1\u4e0a\u62ef\u6551\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4f7f\u653f\u5ba2\u9060\u96e2\u9ad8\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u8ddf\u8457\u5b83\u7a7f\u904e\u5fb7\u570b\u5370\u5237\u5e97\u548c\u555f\u8499\u5496\u5561\u9928\u3001\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\u7684\u5ba2\u5ef3\u548c\u5927\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u7687\u5e1d\u548c\u6559\u7687\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u9996\u76f8\u3001\u8a69\u4eba\u3001\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u54e1\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u9084\u6709\u7d22\u5f15\u54e1\u3002 Duncan \u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u65b7\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u641c\u7d22\u6642\u4ee3\u5145\u6eff\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u7d22\u5f15\u63a0\u596a\u8005 \u2014\u2014 \u516b\u767e\u5e74\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u662f \u201c\u7d22\u5f15\u63a0\u596a\u8005 index-raker\u201d \u3002 xxxxxxxxxx \u5728\u95b1\u8b80 Dennis Duncan \u7684\u4e00\u672c\u6a19\u984c\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u66f8 \u300a\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u6b77\u53f2\uff1a\u5f9e\u4e2d\u4e16\u7d00\u624b\u7a3f\u5230\u6578\u4f4d\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u66f8\u5377\u5192\u96aa … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2nQ","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9166"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9167,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9166\/revisions\/9167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}