{"id":9171,"date":"2024-02-13T10:47:54","date_gmt":"2024-02-13T10:47:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9171"},"modified":"2024-02-13T10:47:58","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T10:47:58","slug":"humanity-a-moral-history-of-the-twentieth-century","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/02\/13\/humanity-a-moral-history-of-the-twentieth-century\/","title":{"rendered":"Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7d66\u653f\u5e9c\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u53bb\u5275\u9020\u201c\u793e\u6703\u516c\u6b63\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u5c31\u7d66\u4e86\u5b83\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u53bb\u5275\u9020\u5c08\u5236\u3002\u7121\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u56e0\u70ba\u5ffd\u8996\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u800c\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thomas Sowell<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jonathan Glover \u7684\u66f8 \u201cHumanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u5c0d\u975e\u4eba\u6027\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6263\u4eba\u5fc3\u5f26\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u66f8\u540d\u6070\u7576\u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6bdb\u9aa8\u609a\u7136\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5c0d\u4e0a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u4e9b\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u6050\u6016\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u6291\u5236\u4eba\u985e\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u503c\u5f97\u8b9a\u63da\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e9b\u5929\u771f\u3002Glover \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u7279\u5fb5\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9f13\u52f5\u548c\u4fc3\u9032\u91ce\u883b\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u601d\u60f3\u88ab\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u601d\u60f3\u6240\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u53f2\u9054\u6797\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u548c\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\uff1b \u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8086\u7121\u5fcc\u619a\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u4e3b\u7fa9 tribalism \uff0c\u5982\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u548c\u76e7\u5b89\u9054\u3002 \u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c24\u5176\u81f4\u547d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c07\u91cd\u65b0\u5275\u9020\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5b8f\u5049\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u8a08\u5283\u8207\u90e8\u843d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u52d5\u529b\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 \u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225\uff08\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\uff09\u800c\u975e\u5177\u9ad4\u500b\u9ad4\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u7684\u98a8\u6c23\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u8ff4\u907f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6c1b\u570d\u3001\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u60f0\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u8ecd\u968a\u64fa\u812b\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 Glover \u7684\u9810\u9632\u6027\u5efa\u8b70\u5305\u62ec\u9f13\u52f5\u5c0a\u91cd\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\uff1b \u9f13\u52f5\u6279\u8a55\u653f\u6cbb\u7576\u5c40\uff1b \u907f\u514d\u57fa\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u53c3\u6578\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\uff1b \u4ee5\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u4e00\u652f\u7dad\u6301\u4e16\u754c\u6cbb\u5b89\u7684\u570b\u969b\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u3002 \u4ed6\u9084\u5efa\u8b70\u4fee\u6539\u570b\u5bb6\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5141\u8a31 “\u8edf\u908a\u908a\u754c soft-edged borders” \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u9805\u6539\u9769\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u591a\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u9996\u90fd\u4f4d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u61c9\u8a72\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u8207\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u7dca\u8feb\u7684\u554f\u984c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5efa\u8b70\u53ef\u80fd\u986f\u5f97\u8ca7\u4e4f\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4ed6\u5982\u6b64\u6070\u7576\u5730\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u6562\u5ffd\u8996\u4ed6\u7684\u8655\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Jonathan Glover \u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u91ce\u883b\u884c\u70ba\u7d55\u975e\u904e\u53bb 100 \u5e74\u6240\u7368\u6709\uff0c\u4f46 \u201c20 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6b77\u53f2\u90fd\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002\u201d( p 3) \u9019\u662f Passchendaele\u4e4b\u6230<\/a> \u3001Dresden\u6158\u5287<\/a>\u3001\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u3001\u9577\u5d0e\u539f\u7206\u8207\u76e7\u5b89\u9054\u5927\u5c60\u6bba<\/a>\uff1b \u300c\u6700\u7d42\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848<\/a> Final Solution<\/a>\u300d\u3001\u53e4\u62c9\u683c\u3001\u5927\u8e8d\u9032\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u96f6\u5e74<\/a> \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u4e9b\u540d\u5b57\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u516d\u5230\u4e03\u4f4d\u6578\u7684\u6bba\u622e\u548c\u96e3\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002 \u79d1\u6280\u9032\u6b65\u6fc0\u767c\u4e86\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u6a02\u89c0\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u4e5f\u52a0\u5287\u4e86\u8001\u5f0f\u90aa\u60e1\u548c\u611a\u8822\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cHumanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century<\/em>\u201d \u65bc 23 \u5e74\u524d\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6b50\u6d32\u525b\u64fa\u812b\u8840\u8165\u7684\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u201cHumanity<\/em>\u201d \u5c07\u8b80\u8005\u5e36\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6050\u6016\u7684\u4e16\u7d00\uff1a\u4ee5\u514d\u6211\u5011\u5fd8\u8a18\u2014\u2014 \u7d0d\u7cb9\u3001\u53f2\u9054\u6797\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u3001Rwanda\u7b49\u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u9ad8\u558a\u300c\u9769\u547d\u300d\u548c\u5c07\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u63a8\u5230\u524d\u53f0\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u548c\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u66b4\u529b\u4e00\u65e6\u767c\u52d5\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jonathan Glover \u4eab\u6709\u76db\u8b7d\uff0c\u9019\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u8eab\u4efd\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5c0d\u7d50\u679c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u6709\u95dc\u751f\u547d\u958b\u59cb\u548c\u7d50\u675f\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7dca\u8feb\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u5728\u4ed6\u7684 \u201cHumanity<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u984c\u532f\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u66b4\u884c\u548c\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u8a18\u9304\u3002 \u4ed6\u6240\u8ac7\u5230\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u662f\u6578\u4ee5\u767e\u842c\u8a08\u7684\u975e\u6230\u9b25\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u6372\u5165\u4e00\u6ce2\u53c8\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3001\u898f\u6a21\u548c\u6301\u7e8c\u6642\u9593\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u58d3\u5012\u6211\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u671f\u671b\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7d04\u675f\u3002 Glover \u4e0d\u907a\u9918\u529b\u5730\u8a73\u7d30\u800c\u7121\u60c5\u5730\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u80cc\u666f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u9177\u5211\u548c\u8b00\u6bba\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jonathan Glover \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u73fe\u8ca8\u96e3\u984c\u5c31\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5169\u96e3\uff08\u4e00\u8f1b\u96fb\u8eca\u5931\u63a7\u75be\u99b3\u3002\u8ecc\u9053\u4e0a\u7684\u4e94\u540d\u5de5\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u770b\u5230\u5b83\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u6bba\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u62c9\u52d5\u958b\u95dc\u6551\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u7ad9\u5728\u99ac\u523a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u4f60\u8a72\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u90e8 \u201cHumanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\uff0cGlover \u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u771f\u5be6\u800c\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5169\u96e3\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8f5f\u70b8\u5e73\u6c11\u80fd\u5920\u7e2e\u77ed\u4e00\u5834\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff1f \u76df\u8ecd\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u63a5\u53d7 Adolf Eichmann \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7528 100 \u842c\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u63db 10,000 \u8f1b\u5361\u8eca\u7684\u63d0\u8b70\uff1f \u4e00\u500b\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5192\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u4f86\u53cd\u5c0d\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u653f\u6b0a\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u6bba\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u6b62\u6bba\uff1f\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u7576\u8ac7\u5230\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u3001\u53f2\u9054\u6797\u3001\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u3001\u6ce2\u723e\u5e03\u7279\u3001\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7dad\u5947\u53ca\u5176\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u6240\u505a\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6642\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u5169\u96e3\u5c31\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002 Jonathan Glover \u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u7684\u8077\u696d\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7f6a\u60e1\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u9810\u9632\u5b83\u5011\u3002 \u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u9700\u8981\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHumanity<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\uff1a\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u91cd\u5927\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002 Glover \u4ee5\u5c0f\u8aaa\u822c\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6b63\u7fa9\u6230\u722d\u548c\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u793e\u6703\u8a08\u756b\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u73fe\u5be6\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u788e\u3001\u61a4\u6012\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u96e3\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u3002 \u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u72c0\u6cc1\u6709\u591a\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0cGlover \u90fd\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u76f8\u4fe1\u60c5\u6cc1\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u7cdf\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5c0f\u63d2\u66f2\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0f\u63d2\u66f2\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u8840\u8165\uff0c\u4f46\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u904b\u52d5\u5982\u4f55\u62b9\u6bba\u6211\u5011\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6240\u73cd\u8996\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u4e00\u4f4d\u88ab\u7d05\u8272\u9ad8\u68c9\u4fd8\u865c\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u6c11\u65cf\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u8207\u4e00\u540d\u5927\u7d04 3 \u6b72\u7684\u5973\u5b69\u6210\u70ba\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u88ab\u5e36\u8d70\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002 \u4ed6\u548c\u5979\u4e00\u8d77\u73a9\u800d\u4e26\u9010\u6f38\u559c\u6b61\u5979\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u88ab\u8feb\u53c3\u52a0\u6d17\u8166\u73ed\u3002\u5979\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u5fae\u7b11\u56de\u61c9\u88ab\u9670\u6c89\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002 \u4e00\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5979\u770b\u8457\u4ed6\u7684\u81c9\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u624b\u6307\u63d2\u5165\u4ed6\u7684\u8173\u8e1d\u548c\u7d81\u4f4f\u4ed6\u7684\u7e69\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u3002 \u5979\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5c31\u53eb\u8b66\u885b\u6536\u7dca\u7e69\u5b50\u3002\u201d( p 307 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u7136\uff0cGlover \u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u5275\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u537b\u662f\u6232\u5287\u6027\u7684\u3002 \u8a31\u591a\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u90aa\u60e1\u8207\u4eba\u6027\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u9808\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\u3002 1986 \u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6 Ashley Montagu<\/a> \u6566\u4fc3\u806f\u5408\u570b\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7d44\u7e54\u5ba3\u5e03 \u201c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u652f\u6301\u666e\u904d\u5144\u5f1f\u60c5\u8abc\u201d\uff0c\u7576\u6642 3500 \u842c\u4e8c\u6230\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u9aa8\u7070\u4ecd\u7136\u6eab\u6696\uff08\u6216\u5177\u6709\u653e\u5c04\u6027\uff09\u3002\u806f\u5408\u570b\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5e7e\u500b\u5b78\u8853\u5718\u9ad4\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u201c\u8aaa\u6230\u722d\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u5f9e\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0a\u7de8\u5165\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002\u201d \u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u9019\u7a2e\u751c\u871c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u906d\u5230\u7cfe\u5bdf\u3001\u62b9\u9ed1\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u6bd4\u55bb\u70ba\u7d0d\u7cb9\u3002(Polar Views on War (seville)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jonathan Glover \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8f15\u6613\u653e\u904e\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\u3002 \u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u53cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u7368\u7279\u7684\u6b98\u5fcd\u548c\u51b7\u9177\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8de8\u8d8a\u6642\u4ee3\u3001\u5730\u9ede\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002 \u4ed6\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8a8d\u771f\u800c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5be9\u8996\u6211\u5011\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u602a\u7269\u201d \uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u8b8a\u5f97\u60b2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u201c\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u95dc\u5728\u7c60\u5b50\u88e1\u4e26\u99b4\u670d\u5b83\u5011\u201d ( p 7 )\u3002\u56e0\u70ba Glover \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u6027\u4e0d\u50c5\u5305\u62ec\u7834\u58de\u6027\u7684\u885d\u52d5\u537b\u662f\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u8cc7\u6e90 moral resources\u300d\uff1a\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u885d\u52d5\u6709\u6642\u6703\u5c0d\u602a\u7269\u7684\u610f\u5716\u7522\u751f\u754f\u61fc\u3002 \u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u7121\u6578\u5fc3\u9748\u4e2d\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u885d\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9b25\u722d\u6240\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHumanity<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u5049\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u5256\u6790\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u6b77\u53f2\u9084\u539f\u70ba\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3002 Glover \u660e\u78ba\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u52d5\u6a5f\u662f\u5c0d\u66f4\u5927\u793e\u5340\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5c0d\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0cGlover \u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u758f\u9060\u3001\u76f2\u76ee\u670d\u5f9e\u6b0a\u5a01\u3001\u5c07\u6548\u7387\u7f6e\u65bc\u611f\u89ba\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u660e\u986f\u932f\u8aa4\u8996\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u5c0d\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u592a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u4ec7\u6068\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u64c7\u624b\u6bb5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u7d14\u6de8\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u885d\u7a81\u4e26\u884c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u885d\u7a81\u662f\u7531Glover \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u90e8\u843d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u6216\u8ffd\u6c42\u7121\u60c5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u9a45\u52d5\u7684\u3002\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\uff08 p 144 \uff09 \u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6ce2\u723e\u5e03\u7279\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\uff1a\u201c\u6b63\u5982\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7d93\u5e38\u767c\u751f\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a08\u7b97\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4eba\u8b8a\u5f97\u5982\u6b64\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u624b\u6bb5\uff08\u300c\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5c0d\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u201d\uff08 p 305 \uff09 \u3002 \u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002 \u4f46\u9019\u5230\u5e95\u544a\u8a34\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u751a\u9ebc\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5c1a\u672a\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5462 \uff1f Glover \u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u7576\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u8ff4\u907f\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u7a4d\u7d2f\u3002 \u4e00\u904d\u53c8\u4e00\u904d\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e26\u70ba\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u5be6\u8b49\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5927\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u589e\u5f37\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7f6a\u60e1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u5206\u6790\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6230\u722d\u662f\u500b\u9677\u9631\u3002 \u4e3b\u89d2\u5011\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u675f\u7e1b\u5728\u90e8\u843d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u9a55\u50b2\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002 Glover \u5c0d\u5c0e\u81f4\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0 \u2014\u2014 \u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u50b2\u6162\u548c\u611a\u8822\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u9ad4\u2014\u2014 \u4e0d\u50c5\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c0d\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u3002 \u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86 RG Collingwood \u5c0d\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u7a31\u5176\u70ba \u201c\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u667a\u529b\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6065\u8fb1\u201d ( p 177 )\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8de1\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u90a3\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8070\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u602a\u7269\u3002 \u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u81ea\u5229\u3002 \u8650\u5f85\u72c2\u548c\u6230\u5834\u7684\u5feb\u611f\u3002 \u90e8\u843d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c07\u7fa3\u9ad4\u7f6e\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u500b\u4eba\u6069\u6028\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u722d\u9b25\u3001\u6230\u722d\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u3002 \u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u7fa3\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9b25\u722d \u2014\u2014 \u7d0d\u7cb9\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u9b25\u722d \u2014\u2014 \u662f\u9032\u6b65\u6240\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u548c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002 \u201c\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u9677\u9631 Hobbesian trap\u201d ( p 131 )\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u56e0\u70ba\u64d4\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u6703\u5148\u767c\u52d5\u653b\u64ca\u800c\u8a66\u5716\u653b\u64ca\u9130\u570b\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u6b66\u88dd\u623f\u4e3b\u51fa\u5176\u4e0d\u610f\u5730\u8972\u64ca\u6b66\u88dd\u7aca\u8cca\uff0c\u8a98\u60d1\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5148\u958b\u69cd\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5c04\u6bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jonathan Glover \u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u6d88\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002 \u4eba\u985e\u7684\u53cd\u61c9 \u2014\u2014 \u540c\u60c5\u3001\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd \u2014\u2014 \u6709\u6642\u6703\u5728\u72af\u4e0b\u60e1\u884c\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7206\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u3002 \u6709\u6642\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u7531\u667a\u529b\u89f8\u767c\u7684\u3002 \u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u570b\u4e8c\u6230\u6642\u671f\u7684\u822a\u6d77\u5bb6\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u8f5f\u70b8\u8972\u64ca\u5f8c\u5b89\u5168\u8fd4\u56de\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u98db\u884c\u54e1\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5927\u706b\u4e0b\u53ef\u6190\u7684\u8349\u76ae\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff1f\u201d \u5805\u5b88\u9663\u5730\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u60f3\u6bba\u4f60\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u6bba\u4f60\u201d \u201c\u4e0d\u60f3\u6bba\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u8981\u958b\u69cd\uff1f\u201d\u6709\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u7531\u76ee\u6a19\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u660e\u986f\u8de1\u8c61\u89f8\u767c\u7684( p 81 ) \u3002 \u4e00\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u540d\u9003\u8dd1\u7684\u7537\u5b50\u8209\u8d77\u8932\u5b50\u3002 \u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5f9e \u201c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u201d \u8b8a\u6210\u4e86 \u201c\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u958b\u69cd\u7684\u610f\u9858 ( p 159 ) \u3002 \u4e00\u540d\u5357\u975e\u8377\u862d\u8a9e\u8b66\u5bdf\u8ffd\u8d95\u4e00\u540d\u624b\u6301\u68cd\u68d2\u7684\u5357\u975e\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u3002 \u5979\u4e1f\u4e86\u978b\u5b50 \uff0c\u9a0e\u58eb\u7cbe\u795e\u8b93\u4ed6\u628a\u978b\u5b50\u9084\u4e86\u56de\u4f86\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u68cd\u68d2\u6253\u5979\u3002( p 38 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8cc7\u6e90\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u8a8d\u540c\u6216\u81ea\u5c0a\u5fc3 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u662f\u300c\u6211\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u4eba\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u767c\u751f\u885d\u7a81\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u6703\u62b5\u6297\u50b7\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u3002 \u9053\u5fb7\u8a8d\u540c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f86\u81ea\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8077\u696d\u9053\u5fb7\uff08\u5982 Hippocratic \u8a93\u8a5e<\/a>\uff09\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5167\u5fc3\u5805\u6301\u4e0d\u61c8\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002( p 53 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 Glover \u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6050\u6016\u767c\u751f\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u8cc7\u6e90\u88ab\u6709\u610f\u6216\u7121\u610f\u5730\u7981\u7528\u6642\u3002 \u4ed6\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u66b4\u884c\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u7f9e\u8fb1\u548c\u975e\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u8cb6\u7fa9\u7684\u7dbd\u865f\u3001\u4fae\u8fb1\u6027\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u7f9e\u8fb1\u6027\u7684\u7a7f\u8457\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u6253\u958b\u5fc3\u7406\u958b\u95dc\uff0c\u5c07\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5f9e \u201c\u4eba\u201d \u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u985e\u70ba \u201c\u975e\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6298\u78e8\u6216\u6bba\u6b7b\u4ed6\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u6d3b\u716e\u9f8d\u8766\u4e00\u6a23\u5bb9\u6613\u3002 \u201cHumanity<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u96e3\u78e8\u6ec5\u7684\u756b\u9762\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\u7528\u4f86\u525d\u596a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u5c0a\u56b4\u3001\u8b93\u6b98\u5fcd\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u300c\u51b7\u7b11\u8a71 cold jokes\u300d( p 36 )\u3002 \u90a3\u4e9b\u53d6\u7b11\u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u78ba politically correct\u300d\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u4eba\u5c07\u6703\u88ab\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6700\u521d\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7406\u7531\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8207\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u4fdd\u6301\u8eab\u9ad4\u8ddd\u96e2\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6d88\u9664\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u7a7a\u4e2d\u8f5f\u70b8\u548c\u9059\u63a7\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u529b\u4f86\u58d3\u5236\u3002 \u4ee4\u4eba\u6050\u61fc\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u8a87\u7684\u900f\u904e\u667a\u529b\u548c\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f86\u6291\u5236\u60c5\u611f\u885d\u52d5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u63a8\u9072\u6eff\u8db3\u4e26\u62b5\u5236\u8a98\u60d1\uff09\u4e5f\u8b93\u7d0d\u7cb9\u8b66\u885b\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u6050\u61fc\uff0c\u4e26\u5805\u6301\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4ee4\u4eba\u53ad\u60e1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c31\u50cf\u540c\u60c5\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u5730\u4fb5\u8755\u3002 \u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u662f\u8056\u4eba\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u6703\u6839\u64da\u540c\u5115\u7fa3\u9ad4\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u6b63\u6d3e\u6c34\u5e73\u4f86\u8abf\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u826f\u5fc3\u3002 \u7576\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0b\u964d\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u70ba\u77e5\u9053\u300c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6703\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u300d\u800c\u5145\u6eff\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5730\u72af\u4e0b\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u8af8\u5982\u300c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u7f6e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u71df\u300d\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u59d4\u5a49\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5206\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff08\u8f5f\u70b8\u76ee\u6a19\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u9130\u8fd1\u793e\u5340\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u793e\u5340\u672c\u8eab\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b98\u50da\u6a5f\u69cb\u5167\u90e8\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u5206\u6563\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u9a5a\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u9858\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u9078\u64c7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jonathan Glover \u5f9e\u9053\u5fb7\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u7a81\u7834\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u5171\u8b00\u907f\u514d\u707d\u96e3\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u60c5\u7bc0\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\u3002 \u5728\u53e4\u5df4\u98db\u5f48\u5371\u6a5f\u671f\u9593\uff0cNikita Khrushchev \u548c John F. Kennedy \u60f3\u8d77\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u903c\u8fd1\u7684\u6838\u908a\u7de3\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u50b7\u4ea1\uff0cKhrushchev \u60f3\u8d77\u4e86\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5169\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\uff0cKennedy \u807d\u53d6\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u539f\u5b50\u5f48\u7206\u70b8\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u5716\u89e3\u7c21\u5831\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u660e\u767d\u81ea\u5df1\u9677\u5165\u4e86 \u201c\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u9677\u9631\u201d\u3002 Kennedy \u525b\u8b80\u904e Barbara Tuchman \u7684  \u201cGuns of August<\/em>\u201d\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5049\u5927\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5922\u904a\u4e00\u5834\u6beb\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u6230\u722d ( p 181 )\u3002 Khrushchev \u50cf\u535a\u5f08\u8ad6\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5beb\u4fe1\u7d66Kennedy \uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u4f60\u6211\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u8a72\u53bb\u62c9\u4f60\u5011\u6253\u4e86\u6230\u722d\u7d50\u7684\u7e69\u5b50\u5169\u7aef\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u6211\u8d8a\u7528\u529b\u62c9\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u7dca\u3002 \u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u7d81\u5f97\u592a\u7dca\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u7d81\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u518d\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u958b\u5b83\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u5272\u65b7\u3002\u201d ( p 202 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u900f\u904e\u8fa8\u8b58\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a\u9003\u96e2\u9677\u9631\u7684\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6a19\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u8a31\u591a\u9867\u554f\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u90fd\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u62ef\u6551\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8b93\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5982\u6b64\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u6703\u5fcd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u70ab\u8000\u9053\u5fb7\u512a\u8d8a\u611f\uff0c\u4f46 Jonathan Glover \u4e0d\u6703\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1 \u201cHumanity<\/em>\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5145\u6eff\u6fc0\u60c5\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u4f46\u8072\u97f3\u5be9\u614e\u800c\u512a\u96c5\uff0c\u8ad6\u9ede\u516c\u6b63\u4e14\u63a8\u7406\u56b4\u8b39\u3002 \u4e5f\u6709\u9670\u6697\u667a\u6167\u7684\u6642\u523b\u3002 Glover \u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u9818\u5c0e\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u8d0f\u5f97\u4e86\u5805\u5f37\u7684\u8072\u8b7d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5316\u540d\uff1aKamenev\uff08\u77f3\u982d\u4eba\uff09\u3001Molotov\uff08\u9318\u5b50\uff09\u3001Stalin\uff08\u92fc\u9435\u4eba\uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c \u201c\u4eba\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6539\u540d\u70ba\u300e\u92fc\u9435\u4e4b\u8ec0 Man of Steel\u300f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u5c07\u5728\u7b11\u8072\u4e2d\u7d50\u675f\u3002\u201d \u5c0d\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u7d0d\u7cb9\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Martin Heidegger \u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u523b\u8584\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u5fc5\u8b80\u7684\u3002( p 260 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201cHumanity<\/em>\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5145\u6eff\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u66f8\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u9632\u7bc4\u6211\u5011\u6700\u60e1\u52a3\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0cGlover \u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u6b98\u5fcd\u884c\u70ba\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\u3001\u6700\u5927\u5316\u670d\u5f9e\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f49\u5411\u9060\u8ddd\u96e2\u6bba\u622e \u2014\u2014\u73fe\u5728\u900f\u904e\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u6280\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002 \u4ed6\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u80fd\u5920\u300c\u7a81\u7834\u5171\u540c\u4eba\u6027\u610f\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u5fd8\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u81ea George Orwell \u5c0d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5167\u6230\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002 Orwell \u5f8c\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u58eb\u5175\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u5165\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u4ed6\u534a\u88f8\u8457\u8eab\u5b50\uff0c\u96d9\u624b\u63d0\u8457\u8932\u5b50\u5954\u8dd1\u8457\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u6c92\u6709\u5411\u4ed6\u958b\u69cd \u2026\u2026 \u6211\u6c92\u6709\u958b\u69cd\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u8932\u5b50\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002 \u6211\u4f86\u9019\u88e1\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5411\u300c\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u300d\u958b\u69cd\uff1b \u4f46\u4e00\u500b\u63d0\u8457\u8932\u5b50\u7684\u4eba\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f \u2018\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u2019\uff0c\u4ed6\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u540c\u985e\uff0c\u8207\u4f60\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u60f3\u958b\u69cd\u5c04\u6bba\u4ed6\u3002\u201d ( p 53 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glover \u8ac7\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u9019\u8b93\u4ed6\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002 \u8a71\u984c\u4f86\u4f86\u53bb\u53bb\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\uff1b \u722d\u8ad6\u6709\u6642\u6703\u6beb\u7121\u7d50\u679c\u5730\u9010\u6f38\u6d88\u5931\u3002 \u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6587\u737b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u89f8\u53ca\u3002 \u4e0d\u7ba1\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u66f8\uff1a\u624d\u83ef\u6d0b\u6ea2\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u5fd8\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002 \u5927\u7d04 40 \u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7e3d\u7d71\u8b80\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u66a2\u92b7\u66f8\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u5927\u5c60\u6bba\u3002 \u5e0c\u671b\u660e\u5929\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u548c\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u5c07\u6703\u95b1\u8b80 \u201cHumanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century<\/em>\u201d \u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7d66\u653f\u5e9c\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u53bb\u5275\u9020\u201c\u793e\u6703\u516c\u6b63\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4f60\u5c31\u7d66\u4e86\u5b83\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u53bb\u5275\u9020\u5c08\u5236\u3002\u7121\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u56e0\u70ba\u5ffd\u8996\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u800c\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002 Thomas Sowell Jonathan Glover \u7684\u66f8 \u201cHumanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century\u201d \u5c0d\u975e\u4eba\u6027\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6263\u4eba\u5fc3\u5f26\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u66f8\u540d\u6070\u7576\u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6bdb\u9aa8\u609a\u7136\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5c0d\u4e0a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u4e9b\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u6050\u6016\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u6291\u5236\u4eba\u985e\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u66b4\u884c\u7684\u503c\u5f97\u8b9a\u63da\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e9b\u5929\u771f\u3002Glover \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u7279\u5fb5\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9f13\u52f5\u548c\u4fc3\u9032\u91ce\u883b\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u601d\u60f3\u88ab\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u601d\u60f3\u6240\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u53f2\u9054\u6797\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u548c\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\uff1b \u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8086\u7121\u5fcc\u619a\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u4e3b\u7fa9 tribalism \uff0c\u5982\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u548c\u76e7\u5b89\u9054\u3002 \u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c24\u5176\u81f4\u547d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c07\u91cd\u65b0\u5275\u9020\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5b8f\u5049\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u8a08\u5283\u8207\u90e8\u843d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u52d5\u529b\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002 \u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u985e\u5225\uff08\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u968e\u7d1a\uff09\u800c\u975e\u5177\u9ad4\u500b\u9ad4\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u7684\u98a8\u6c23\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u8ff4\u907f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6c1b\u570d\u3001\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u60f0\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u570b\u5bb6\u8ecd\u968a\u64fa\u812b\u6587\u5b98\u63a7\u5236\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 Glover \u7684\u9810\u9632\u6027\u5efa\u8b70\u5305\u62ec\u9f13\u52f5\u5c0a\u91cd\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u5c0a\u56b4\uff1b \u9f13\u52f5\u6279\u8a55\u653f\u6cbb\u7576\u5c40\uff1b \u907f\u514d\u57fa\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u53c3\u6578\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\uff1b \u4ee5\u53ca\u767c\u5c55\u4e00\u652f\u7dad\u6301\u4e16\u754c\u6cbb\u5b89\u7684\u570b\u969b\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u3002 \u4ed6\u9084\u5efa\u8b70\u4fee\u6539\u570b\u5bb6\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5141\u8a31 “\u8edf\u908a\u908a\u754c soft-edged borders” \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u9805\u6539\u9769\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u591a\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u9996\u90fd\u4f4d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u57ce\u5e02\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u61c9\u8a72\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e3b\u6b0a\u570b\u5bb6\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u90e8\u843d\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u8207\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u75db\u82e6\u3001\u7dca\u8feb\u7684\u554f\u984c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5efa\u8b70\u53ef\u80fd\u986f\u5f97\u8ca7\u4e4f\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4ed6\u5982\u6b64\u6070\u7576\u5730\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u6562\u5ffd\u8996\u4ed6\u7684\u8655\u65b9\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u65b0\u805e\u548c\u96fb\u8996\u5f71\u50cf\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u9694\u5916\u958b\u59cb\u64d4\u5fc3\u3002 \u4f60\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u8105\u3002Jonathan … Continue reading 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