{"id":9173,"date":"2024-02-15T06:06:08","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T06:06:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9173"},"modified":"2024-02-15T06:06:12","modified_gmt":"2024-02-15T06:06:12","slug":"the-german-idealism-reader-ideas-responses-and-legacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/02\/15\/the-german-idealism-reader-ideas-responses-and-legacy\/","title":{"rendered":"The German Idealism Reader: Ideas, Responses, and Legacy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201cThe German Idealism Reader: Ideas, Responses, and Legacy<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u5168\u9762\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u7bc4\u570d\u64f4\u5927\u5230 Kant\u3001Fichte\u3001Schelling \u548c Hegel\u9019\u56db\u4f4d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u3001\u4f46\u5c0d\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u4e5f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u5448\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u6240\u6709\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u8907\u96dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u6642\u671f\u548c\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u52d5\u614b\u5716\u50cf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Kant\u3001Fichte\u3001Schelling \u548c Hegel \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u672c\u9078\u96c6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u95b1\u8b80Reinhold\u3001Schiller\u3001Maimon\u3001Schulze\u3001Jacobi\u3001H\u00f6lderlin\u3001\u548c Novalis \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Schopenhauer\u3001Feuerbach\u3001Marx\u3001Kierkegaard \u548c Nietzsche \u7b49\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u8207\u6279\u8a55<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u9078\u96c6\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u5178\u578b\u95dc\u6ce8\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u85dd\u8853<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u7e3d\u9ad4\u4ecb\u7d39\u548c\u6642\u9593\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u4f4d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u5e74\u8868\u548c\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u548c\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u6027\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u900f\u904e\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6311\u9078\u7684\u8b80\u7269\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u201cThe German Idealism Reader<\/em>\u201d \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u8a72\u6642\u671f\u6838\u5fc3\u54f2\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u548c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5fb7\u570b\u53ca\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u6b50\u6d32\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u91cd\u8981\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8b80\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u6fc0\u52d5\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b83\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u7576\u6642\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u4e00\u6f6d\u6b7b\u6c34\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u6210\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2d\u6700\u9a5a\u4eba\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002 \u9019\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5b83\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u8a69\u6b4c\u3001\u6587\u5b78\u6279\u8a55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8ffd\u6c42\u958b\u5275\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u53ca\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee3\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u662f\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u5fb7\u570b\u8208\u8d77\u7684\u4e00\u5834\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002 \u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u901a\u5e38\u8207 1781 \u5e74 Kant \u7684 \u201cCritique of Pure Reason<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u7684\u51fa\u7248\u53ca\u5176\u7d50\u675f \u2014\u20141831 \u5e74 Hegel \u7684\u53bb\u4e16\u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u5728 1840 \u5e74\u4ee3\u53ca\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4e00\u76f4\u4f54\u64da\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9019\u534a\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e0a\u70ba\u6578\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u900f\u904e\u7522\u751f\u6700\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u9054\u5230\u5176\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0b\u6c42\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u800c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c07\u5176\u8207\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u9ec3\u91d1\u6642\u4ee3\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u904b\u52d5\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u662f Kant\u3001Fichte\u3001Schelling \u548c Hegel \uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u4ee5\u767c\u5c55\u5fb9\u5e95\u3001\u6709\u689d\u7406\u3001\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u9ad4\u7cfb\u800c\u805e\u540d\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u91cd\u8981\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u54f2\u5b78\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u73fe\u5be6\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u548c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5fc3\u9748\uff08 Guyer, P., and R. P. Horstmann. 2015. \u201cIdealism,\u201d Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a> \uff09\u3002 \u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u6700\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f George Berkley \u7684 \u201c\u975e\u7269\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9 immaterialism\u201d\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u6216\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u3002 \u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8005\u62d2\u7d55\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7acb\u5834\uff09\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u548c\u6559\u689d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u3002 \u5fb7\u570b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8207\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7248\u672c\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002 \u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u7406\u60f3\u78ba\u7acb\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\u7406\u60f3\u9ad8\u65bc\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u53ca\u5176\u901a\u904e\u4eba\u985e\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u53ef\u53ca\u6027\u9032\u884c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u9805\u76ee (Ameriks, K. (ed.) 2000b. The Cambridge Companion to German Idealism<\/a><\/em>. Cambridge(2nd ed., 2017))\u3002\u900f\u904e\u63a8\u9032\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5011 \u2014\u2014 \u5404\u81ea\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f \u2014\u2014 \u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u548c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u7522\u751f\u8207\u6f14\u8b8a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u7576\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u7684\u554f\u984c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86 Kant \uff08\u5148\u9a57 transcendental\uff09 \u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u4ed6\u7684 \u201cCritique of Pure Reason<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u9996\u5275\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff081787 \u5e74\uff09\u300c\u552f\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53cd\u99c1 Refutation of Idealism\u300d\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u4ee5\u6700\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002 Kant \u4e26\u4e0d\u5426\u5b9a\u5916\u5728\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1b \u4ed6\u53ea\u662f\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u300c\u8868\u5fb5\u6a21\u5f0f modes of representation\u300d\u2014\u2014 \u4f8b\u5982\u7a7a\u9593\u6027\u3001\u6642\u9593\u6027\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u6027 \u2014\u2014 \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002 \u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u4e86\u89e3\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u672c\u8cea\uff08\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u6216\u300c\u672c\u9ad4 noumena\u300d\uff09\uff1b \u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002Kant \u7a31\u4ed6\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u70ba\u300c\u5148\u9a57\u7684 transcendental\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6279\u5224\u7684 critical\u300d\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u8a8d\u77e5\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 Kant \u8072\u7a31\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u64c1\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u7d14\u7cb9\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4f46\u8ffd\u96a8\u4ed6\u7684\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5fb7\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a66\u5716\u6d88\u9664\u4ed6\u5011\u5728 Kant \u90a3\u88e1\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u8207\u7269\u81ea\u8eab\uff08\u73fe\u8c61phenomena \u8207\u672c\u9ad4 noumena\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u611f\u89ba\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fichte \u5c07\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f49\u5411\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c07 Kant \u7684\u5148\u9a57\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u4e3b\u89c0\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u5728Schelling \u548c Hegel \u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u5167\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u7d55\u5c0d\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u53f2\u7121\u524d\u4f8b\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u5728\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u88e1\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u53c8\u4e00\u500b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u54f2\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fichte \u7684\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f Kant \u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08\u5148\u9a57\u4e3b\u9ad4 transcendental subject\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300c\u6211\u300d\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u300c\u6211\u300d\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u722d\u53d6\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027 \u3002 \u96d6\u7136 Fichte \u540c\u610f Kant \u95dc\u65bc\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5426\u8a8d\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u601d\u8003\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002 \u5c0d\u4ed6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u611f\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u300c\u6211\u300d\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u300d\u5c07\u4e16\u754c\u8996\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff08\u4f5c\u70ba\u975e\u6211\uff09\u3002 Fichte \u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7a31\u70baWissenschaftslehre\uff08\u6216\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u5b78\u8aaa\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff08\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u6211\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u8a72\u9ad4\u7cfb\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u50c5\u50c5\u6a21\u4eff Kant \u7684\u6279\u5224\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e26\u6fc0\u767c\u65b0\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u63a2\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5f8c Kant \u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8005\uff0cHegel \u8a66\u5716\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e00\u7a2e\u5168\u9762\u3001\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u842c\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u7a2e\u7d71\u4e00\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e2d\u5448\u73fe\u3002 Hegel \u4e0d\u540c\u610f Kant \u7684\u89c0\u9ede \uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u8a8d\u77e5\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u8868\u8c61\u3002 \u4ed6\u4e5f\u62d2\u7d55\u7269\u81ea\u9ad4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u50c5\u5728 Kant \u8eab\u4e0a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728 Fichte \u7684\u975e\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002 Hegel \uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u6700\u65b0\u968e\u6bb5\u7684 Schelling\uff09\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u7269\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u6216\u6211\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u662f\u7531\u6211\u5011\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u8868\u5fb5\u300c\u7522\u751f produced\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u8868\u5fb5\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u7121\u6cd5\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u6709\u9650\u7cbe\u795e\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3002 \u4f46\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\uff1a\u5b83\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u8c61\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hegel \u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d Kant \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u548c\u6311\u6230\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u7d55\u5c0d\uff08\u6216\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u7cbe\u795e Absolute Spirit\u300d\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5168\u9762\u601d\u8fa8\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u3002 \u4ed6\u5c07\u5f8c\u8005\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5305\u7f85\u842c\u8c61\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u9ad4\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u7d93\u9a57\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4f5c\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u842c\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u73fe\u6709\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u4f86\u6e90\u3002 \u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u5177\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u793e\u6703\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u73fe\u50cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 \u5728 Hegel \u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d55\u5c0d\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u9054\u5230 Hegel \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u8a8d\u8b58 absolute knowing\u300d\u3002 \u9019\u8868\u9054\u4e86 Hegel \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff08\u73fe\u5be6\u672c\u8eab\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u7a2e\u7d93\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u65b7\u8a00\u610f\u5473\u8457\u73fe\u5be6\u662f\u7406\u6027\u5730\u79e9\u5e8f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u601d\u8003\u4e2d\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u6027\u539f\u5247\u3002 Hegel \u540c\u610f Kant \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u7dad\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u73fe\u73fe\u6210\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff1b \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5fc3\u9748\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 \u4f46\u4ed6\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5805\u6301\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e0d\u5148\u65bc\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u4e5f\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u7522\u7269\u3002 \u5728 Hegel \u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u73fe\u5be6\u6642\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c Hegel \u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u4e0d\u50cf Kant \u548c Fichte \u90a3\u6a23\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d55\u5c0d\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\uff0c\u5b83\u8072\u7a31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e86\u89e3\u7d55\u5c0d\uff08\u6700\u7d42\uff09\u73fe\u5be6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u6642\u4ee3\uff1a\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u71b1\u60c5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c07\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u50c5\u50c5\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u6d41\u6d3e\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e26\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u5c11\u6578\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5b83\u5011\u591a\u9ebc\u8907\u96dc\u548c\u5168\u9762\u3002 \u96d6\u7136 Kant\u3001Fichte\u3001Schelling \u548c Hegel \u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u773e\u591a\u624d\u83ef\u6a6b\u6ea2\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u900f\u904e\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u3001\u7368\u5275\u6027\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5275\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u76f4\u89ba\u76f8\u4e92\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u5145\u6eff\u65b0\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7368\u7279\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002 \u7576\u6642\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u90fd\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u63a5\u53d7 Kant \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5c0d\u5f8c Kant \u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8005\u5c0d\u539f\u59cb\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\u66f4\u52a0\u61f7\u7591\u3002Jacobi\u3001Schulze\u3001\u548c Maimon \u5c0d Kant \u5148\u9a57\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Reinhold\u00a0\u5c0d Kant \u6279\u5224\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u548c\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u6fc0\u52f5\u4e86\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u53c3\u8207\u7576\u6642\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002 \u5728\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e92\u88dc\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u5728\u5c55\u958b\u3002 \u4ee5 Fichte\u3001Schelling\u3001\u548c Hegel \u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5de8\u4eba Goethe\u3001Schiller\u3001H\u00f6lderlin\u3001Novalis\u3001Schlegel\u00a0\u5144\u5f1f \u2014\u2014 August \u548c Friedrich\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u624d\u83ef\u6a6b\u6ea2\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u5728\u5275\u4f5c\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u7f8e\u5b78\u548c\u502b\u7406\u898b\u89e3\uff08Ameriks, K. 2000. Kant and the Fate of Autonomy: Problems in the Appropriation of the Critical Philosophy<\/a><\/em>. Cambridge\uff0cp 2 \uff09 \u3002 \u9019\u500b\u5b78\u6d3e\u73fe\u5728\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u65e9\u671f\u5fb7\u570b\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc1790 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684 Jena\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5c0d\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8005\u54f2\u5b78\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u5834\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u5c0d\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u904b\u52d5 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cHegel \u6b7b\u5f8c\uff0c\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u8b8a\u5f97\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86 Feuerbach\u3001Marx\u3001Kierkegaard \u548c Nietzsche \u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u56b4\u53b2\u8b74\u8cac\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u5fb7\u570b\u4e3b\u8981\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8005\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u53cd\u61c9\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6587\u5b78\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba Jena \u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u624d\u83ef\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7684\u6587\u4eba\u5f9e\u4e8b\u54f2\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u54f2\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u76db\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u57f9\u990a\u4e86\u300c\u53cd\u7cfb\u7d71 anti-systematic\u300d\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u63a8\u9032\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u6280\u8853\u6027\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5beb\u4f5c\u98a8\u683c \u2014\u2014 \u8207\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u8005\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u96e3\u4ee5\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u76f8\u53cd \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u5011\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u5c0d Kant \u8a08\u5283\u7684 \u201c\u6279\u5224\u201d \u65b9\u5411\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5f18\u63da\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5851\u9020\u9019\u6587\u5316\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u73fe\u8c61\u548c\u6642\u4ee3\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u5834\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u601d\u6f6e\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u300c\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u6587\u5b78\u6d41\u6d3e\u300d\uff08Ameriks, K. 2000. Kant and the Fate of Autonomy: Problems in the Appropriation of the Critical Philosophy<\/em>. Cambridge \uff0cp 5 \uff09 \uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u8207\u7d14\u7cb9\u54f2\u5b78\u63a2\u7a76\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u5167\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u548c\u4ee4\u4eba\u8208\u596e\u7684\u5de7\u5999\u7cbe\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u56de\u9867\u4e00\u4e0b Friedrich Schlegel \uff081772-1822\uff09\u548c Friedrich Schleiermacher \uff081768-1834\uff09\u7b49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7bc7\u5e45\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e26\u672a\u6536\u9304\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d \u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba Jena \u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u70ba\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u4f5c\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u6210\u529f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5716\u666f\u5c07\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schlegel \u8207 Schleiermacher \uff1a\u5169\u4f4d Jena \u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u8096\u50cf\u7d20\u63cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff41\uff0e\u4ea4\u53c9\u8def\u5f91<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96d6\u7136\u5f17 Friedrich Schlegel \u548c Friedrich Schleiermacher \u5728\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u975e\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u8005\u2014\u2014 Schlegel \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\uff0cSchleiermacher \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u8005 \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u5011\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u7368\u5275\u6027\u7684\u3001\u7368\u7279\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u516c\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u54f2\u5b78\u4eba\u7269\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a5\u53d7\u904e\u300c\u53e4\u5178\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005 classicist\u300d\u8a13\u7df4\uff08\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e0c\u81d8\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\uff09\uff0c1796 \u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u54e5\u54e5 August Wilhelm\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\u65e9\u671f\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8457\u540d\u4ee3\u8868\uff09\u7684\u9080\u8acb\u4e0b\uff0c Schlegel \u642c\u5230 Jena\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b64\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8ff7\u6200\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002 \u90a3\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u5ea7\u5169\u5e74\u524d\u8fce\u4f86 Fichte \u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u5fb7\u570b\u77e5\u8b58\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f Kant \u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u771f\u6b63\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u6ecb\u9577\u3002 \u9019\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6c1b\u570d\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u601d\u8fa8\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u5176\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u63a5\u89f8\u5c0d\u5e74\u8f15\u7684 Schlegel \u7522\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 \u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u642c\u5230\u67cf\u6797\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u6587\u5b78\u6c99\u9f8d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e26\u8207\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5e7e\u4f4d\u95dc\u9375\u4eba\u7269\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f5c\u5bb6 Ludwig Tieck \u548c Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder, \u4ee5\u53ca\u8a69\u4eba Friedrich von Hardenberg (Novalis) \u3002 Schlegel \u4e5f\u88ab\u4ecb\u7d39\u7d66 Schelling \u548c Schleiermacher \u3002 \u5728\u67cf\u6797\uff0cSchlegel \u4e5f\u8207\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u5bb6 Dorothea Veit \u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u7d50\u5a5a\u4e86\uff0c\u5979\u6700\u7d42\u4e5f\u6210\u70ba\u5fb7\u570b\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0cSchleiermacher \u672c\u4eba\u5728\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u524d\uff081796 \u5e74\u5e95\uff09\u624d\u524d\u5f80\u67cf\u6797\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u4ed6\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u70ba\u8a72\u5e02 Charit\u00e9 \u91ab\u9662\u7684\u7267\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u64d4\u4efb\u8a72\u8077\u4f4d\u76f4\u81f3 1802 \u5e74\u3002\u5728\u67cf\u6797\uff0c\u4ed6\u50cf Schlegel \u4e00\u6a23\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6587\u5b78\u6c99\u9f8d\u7684\u5e38\u5ba2\u3002 \u5169\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u76f8\u8b58\u4e26\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u53cb\u8abc\u3002 Schleiermacher \u8207 Friedrich Schlegel \u5408\u4f4f\u4e86\u5169\u5e74\uff081797-99\uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u5728\u591a\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5408\u4f5c\u3002 Schleiermacher \u5e6b\u52a9 Schlegel \u5144\u5f1f\u7d93\u71df\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u77ed\u66ab\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u671f\u520a Athenaeum<\/em>\uff081798-1800\uff09\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728 Friedrich Schlegel \u7684\u6566\u4fc3\u4e0b\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efd\uff08\u533f\u540d\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u54c1\u3002 \u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6c99\u9f8d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c07\u5176\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4f4d\u65bc\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4ea4\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u7684\u3002 \u53d7\u5230 Schlegel \u6709\u610f\u958b\u5c55\u7ffb\u8b6f Plato \u5c0d\u8a71\u9304\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u9f13\u52f5\uff0cSchleiermacher \u958b\u59cb\u5c0d Plato \u9032\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u8a72\u9805\u76ee\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u8a2d\u60f3\u70ba\u4e00\u9805\u5408\u4f5c\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7531 Schleiermacher \u7368\u81ea\u5be6\u65bd\uff081804-28 \u5e74\uff09\u3002 Schlegel \u5728 Plato \u7ffb\u8b6f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u5931\u6557\u7121\u7591\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e861800 \u5e74\u5f8c\u5169\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u65e5\u76ca\u7dca\u5f35\u3002Schleiermacher \u55ae\u69cd\u5339\u99ac\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u5920\u5b8c\u5168\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u500b\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u53ea\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5e7e\u5377 Plato \u5c0d\u8a71\u9304\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8a71\u9304\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u4e26\u5f97\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8a8d\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1799 \u5e74 Schlegel \u6311\u6230\u904e\u53bb\u7f8e\u5b78\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5c0f\u8aaa Lucinde<\/em> \u51fa\u7248\u919c\u805e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Schlegel \u5f9e\u67cf\u6797\u8fd4\u56de Jena \u5f8c\uff0cSchleiermacher \u548c Schlegel \u7684\u9053\u8def\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u5206\u6b67\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schlegel \u4e00\u76f4\u7559\u5728 Jena \u76f4\u5230 1801 \u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u5927\u81f4\u8207\u5fb7\u570b\u65e9\u671f\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9ece\u660e\u6642\u671f\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u6240\u8b02\u7684 Jena \u5708\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\u3002 Novalis \u53bb\u4e16\u5f8c\uff0cSchlegel \u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u548c\u59bb\u5b50Carolina B\u00f6hmer\uff08\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7a4d\u6975\u53c3\u8207\u8005\uff09\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u8ddd\u96e2\u30021802 \u5e74\uff0cSchlegel \u79fb\u5c45\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4ed6\u82b1\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6642\u9593\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u5177\u8c61\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u95dc\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u7372\u5f97\u5b78\u8853\u8077\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u5230\u79d1\u9686\uff081804 \u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5fb7\u570b\u54e5\u5fb7\u5f0f\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f49\u5411\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u667a\u529b\u8ffd\u6c42\uff1a\u56e0\u61c9\u5b97\u6559\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u68b5\u6587\u548c\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u4ed6 1808 \u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c On the Language and Wisdom of the Indians<\/em> \u6210\u70ba\u6bd4\u8f03\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff08Schlegel \u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u5275\u9020\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\uff09\u9818\u57df\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 Schlegel \u5c0d\u68b5\u6587\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5b97\u6559\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 1808 \u5e74 4 \u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u8207\u59bb\u5b50\u4e00\u8d77\u7688\u4f9d\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u5f8c\u5728\u7dad\u4e5f\u7d0d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5967\u5730\u5229\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u7684\u8077\u4f4d\u3002 \u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u4f4f\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 1829 \u5e74 1 \u6708\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schleiermacher \u8207\u5169\u500b\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u6200\u60c5\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u7267\u5e2b\u8077\u4f4d\u3002 \u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u4ed6\u65bc 1808 \u5e74\u8207\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u5be1\u5a66\u7d50\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e26\u80b2\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\u3002 \u5927\u7d04\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u795e\u5b78\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u65b7\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002 1809\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u70ba\u67cf\u6797\u65b0\u6559\u8056\u4e09\u4e00\u6559\u5802\u7684\u7267\u5e2b\uff0c1810\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u67cf\u6797\u5927\u5b78\uff08\u73fe\u67cf\u6797\u6d2a\u5821\u5927\u5b78\uff09\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5728\u8a72\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cSchleiermacher \u4ed6\u5728\u8d77\u8349\u5fb7\u570b\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u7b56\u4ee5\u53ca\u96a8\u5f8c\u63d0\u51fa\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u9762\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 1811\u5e74\u9032\u5165\u67cf\u6797\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u5f8c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6559\u6388\u795e\u5b78\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002 \u5f9e\u90a3\u6642\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b9a\u671f\u8b1b\u6388\u4e00\u4e9b\u8207\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u8208\u8da3\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65b7\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u9ad4\u7cfb\u548c\u7cfb\u7d71\u795e\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002 \u4ed6\u65bc 1834 \u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. \u500b\u4eba\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u96e2\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u96e2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1 Schleiermacher \u548c Schlegel \u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6301\u7e8c\u6642\u9593\u4e0d\u9577\uff0c1800\u5e74\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u518d\u6b21\u4ea4\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u65e9\u671f\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002 \u8207\u8a31\u591a\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\uff0cSchleiermacher \u548c Schlegel \u90fd\u5c0d Spinoza \u7522\u751f\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u5c07Spinoza \u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u7acb\u5834\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d Spinoza \u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u5148\u9a57\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u6700\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u5408\u6700\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u591a\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schleiermacher \u53cd\u5c0d Jacobi \u7684\u53cd Spinoza \u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165 Spinoza \u7684\u63a8\u52d5\uff0c Schleiermacher \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cKant \u4e3b\u7fa9\u300c\u5728 Spinoza \u9019\u908a\u300d\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800c Spinoza \u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8207 Kant \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002Spinoza \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6f84\u6e05\u4e86 Kant \u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9810\u8a2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b58\u5728\u8d85\u8d8a\u610f\u8b58\u4e26\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002 \u5c0d Schleiermacher \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cSpinoza \u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u6700\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5c0d\u7121\u9650\u8207\u6709\u9650\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002 \u5728Spinoza \u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u5e7b\u89ba illusion\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u5e7b\u89ba\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u7121\u9650\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8b49\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u812b\u96e2\uff08\u6216\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\uff09\u7121\u9650\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u7121\u9650\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7121\u9650\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u6839\u64da Schleiermacher \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u70ba Kant \u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5373\u73fe\u8c61\u6027\uff08\u986f\u73fe\u7684\uff09\u73fe\u5be6\u662f\u7d42\u6975\uff08\u7121\u9650\uff09\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u986f\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u7d42\u6975\u73fe\u5be6\u300c\u672c\u8eab\u300d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576 Schleiermacher \u8a66\u5716\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c07 Spinoza \u548c Kant \u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u6642\uff0c\u00a0Schlegel\u00a0\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8208\u8da3\u8f49\u5411\u4e86 Fichte\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a66\u5716\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u878d\u5408 Spinoza \u548c Fichte\u3002 \u548c\u4ed6\u9019\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u54e1\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u00a0Schlegel\u00a0\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u6df1\u53d7 Fichte \u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u88ab\u4ed6\u5728 the Wissenschaftslehre \u4e2d\u95e1\u8ff0\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50be\u5411\u6240\u56f0\u64fe\u3002 \u00a0Schlegel\u00a0\u5c0d Fichte \u7684\u8208\u8da3\u4e26\u975e\u5076\u7136\u3002 \u4ed6\u4e0d\u50c5\u89aa\u81ea\u898b\u5230\u4e86 Fichte\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u5728 1796 \u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u53c3\u52a0\u4e86\u9019\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728 Jena \u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3002\u9019\u5927\u7d04\u8207\u00a0Schlegel\u00a0\u8207 Fichte\u2019s Studies<\/em> \u4e00\u66f8\u7684\u4f5c\u8005 Novalis \u95dc\u65bc\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5c0d\u8a71\u540c\u6642\u767c\u751f\u3002\u6210\u70ba\u5fb7\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u6839\u64da\u8a31\u591a\u00a0Schlegel\u00a0\u50b3\u8a18\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0cNovalis \u9f13\u52f5\u4e26\u6307\u5c0e\u4e86\u00a0Schlegel\u00a0\u5c0d\u65b0\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08Speight, A. 2015. \u201cFriedrich Schlegel,\u201d Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. \u5c0d Fichte \u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u56de\u61c9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schlegel\u00a0\u8b9a\u63da Fichte \u6beb\u4e0d\u59a5\u5354\u5730\u5805\u6301\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5c0d Fichte \u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u4ed6\u5c0d\u300c\u6211\u300d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u4e3b\u89c0\u81ea\u767c\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u7121\u9650\uff09\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u50cf Novalis \u4e00\u6a23 \uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d Fichte \u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u3002 \u4ed6\u8207 Novalis \u4e00\u8d77\u6279\u8a55 Fichte \u95dc\u65bc\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u4e14\u4e0d\u8b49\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u547d\u984c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5728\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002 \u4ed6\u5426\u8a8d\u4efb\u4f55\u547d\u984c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u300c\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u300d\u7684\u547d\u984c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8ad6\u8b49\u548c\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7121\u9650\u5012\u9000\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0cSchlegel\u00a0\u8a66\u5716\u5c07 Fichte \u5f0f\u7684\u300c\u6211\u300d\u81ea\u7531\u8207 Spinoza \u5f0f\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u8ad6\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86 \u3002 \u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u7d55\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u9650\u65bc\u5c0b\u627e\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u8b49\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u8a72\u5305\u62ec\u53c3\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\u548c\u5411\u7121\u9650\uff08\u7d55\u5c0d\uff09\u7121\u9650\u524d\u9032\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cSchlegel\u00a0\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u975e\u57fa\u790e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u548c\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u56e0\u70ba\u8d70\u5411\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u662f\u900f\u904e\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\uff08Beiser, F. 2003. \u201cFriedrich Schlegel: The Mysterious Romantic,\u201d in The Romantic Imperative: The Concept of Early German Romanticism<\/a><\/em>, edited by F. Beiser. 123ff.\uff09\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Schlegel\u00a0\u6240\u5beb\uff0c\u300c\u5f9e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u9ede\u4e00\u9ede\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u65bc\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u9032\u884c\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a8d\u8b58\u5b83\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u7dda\u800c\u662f\u5713\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cSchlegel \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8ca2\u737b\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6279\u5224\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u5148\u9a57\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u5c0d\u65b0\uff08 Fichte \uff09\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u6279\u5224\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u91dd\u5c0d\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u79d1\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u6703\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f8e\u5b78\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6230\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schleiermacher \u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e0d\u5982 Schlegel\u00a0\u90a3\u9ebc\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u50f9\u503c\u7d55\u4e0d\u4e9e\u65bc Schlegel \u3002 \u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u54f2\u5b78\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u79d1\u5b78\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u9805\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u984c\u6216\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff08Arndt, A. 2015. \u201cSchleiermacher (1768\u20131834),\u201d in The Oxford Handbook of German Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century<\/a><\/em>, edited by Michael N. Forster and Kristin Gjesdal. Oxford\uff0cp 27\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schleiermacher \u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d Fichte\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6 Wissenschaftslehre\u300b\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\uff0cFichte\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u300b\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u4ed6\u5206\u914d\u7d66\u54f2\u5b78\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002 \u8207 Fichte \u5c07\u5176\u7b2c\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u7406\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cSchleiermacher \u5c07\u5176\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u539f\u59cb\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8072\u7a31\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5b83\u6ef2\u900f\u5230\u5169\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\uff08\u7269\u7406\u5b78\uff09\u548c\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3002 \u53ea\u6709\u5b83\u5011\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f9e 1811 \u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0cSchleiermacher \u5c0d\u6700\u9ad8\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5206\u914d\u7d66\u4e00\u9580\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8b8a\u5316 \u3002 \u5728\u4ed6\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8207 Fichte \u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u660e\u78ba\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u78ba\u7acb\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u6700\u9ad8\u79d1\u5b78\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u9019\u9805\u8209\u63aa\uff0c\u300c\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u300d\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u9ad8\u65bc\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5be6\u9ad4\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u900f\u904e\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u5728\u601d\u8fa8\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u6210\u70ba\u4e2d\u4ecb\u3002 Hegel \u5c07\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u8996\u70ba\u9996\u5148\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u79d1\u5b78\uff08 Hegel \u8457\u540d\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u908f\u8f2f\uff09\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6279\u8a55\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u767c\u5c55\uff0cSchleiermacher \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5c07\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u8a2d\u8a08\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u539f\u7406\u77e5\u8b58\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u70ba\u201c\u85dd\u8853\u7406\u8ad6\u201d\u3002 \u7531\u6b64\uff0cSchleiermacher \u986f\u7136\u6c42\u52a9\u65bc Plato \u548c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u300d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7 Plato\u4f7f\u7528\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u7522\u751f\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u89c0\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002 Schleiermacher \u62d2\u7d55\u4efb\u4f55\u300c\u4e0d\u8b49\u81ea\u660e\u300d\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5171\u540c\u524d\u63d0\u300d\u4e0d\u662f\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u900f\u904e\u300c\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u300d\u4f86\u300c\u5efa\u69cb\u300d\uff08\u751f\u6210\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u8003\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u3002 \u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u8003\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5be6\u73fe\u300c\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5167\u5728\u9023\u7d50\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d. Schleiermacher \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u795e\u5b78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schleiermacher \u54f2\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u502b\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u300c\u5ba2\u89c0\u300d\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u8abf\u89e3\u500b\u9ad4\u8207\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff08Arndt, A. 2015. \u201cSchleiermacher (1768\u20131834),\u201d in The Oxford Handbook of German Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century<\/em>, edited by Michael N. Forster and Kristin Gjesdal. Oxford\uff0cpp 38-39\uff09\u3002 \u4f9d\u7167\u7d93\u5178\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5b83\u5206\u70ba\u5584\u3001\u7f8e\u5fb7\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002 \u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u54f2\u5b78\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u8207\u300c\u6280\u8853\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6279\u5224\u300d\u5169\u985e\u8a31\u591a\u7279\u6b8a\u5b78\u79d1\u76f8\u95dc\u3002 \u4ed6\u5c07\u7f8e\u5b78\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u7406\u8ad6\u8996\u70ba\u6280\u8853\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u5c07\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u548c\u8a6e\u91cb\u5b78\u8996\u70ba\u6279\u5224\u5b78\u79d1\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u5728\u4ed6\u665a\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u8b1b\u5ea7\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u548c\u76f8\u5c0d\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u8655\u7406\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u70ba\u4ed6\u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u8b1b\u5b78\u3002\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u95dc\u6ce8 Schleiermacher \u7684\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u795e\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5c0d Schleiermacher \u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u4ed6\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u53ca\u4ee5\u5f8c\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u767c\u5c55\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 Schleiermacher \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u795e\u5b78\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u504f\u96e2\u4e86\u6559\u6703\u7684\u6539\u9769\u6559\u7fa9\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u751f\u6daf\u4e4b\u521d\u5c31\u5c0d\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\uff08Forster, M. 2017. \u201cFriedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher,\u201d Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a> \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schleiermacher \u5728\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c \u201cOn Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u65bc 1799 \u5e74\uff0c\u6bd4\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u201cThe Christian Faith<\/a><\/em>\u201d\uff081821-22 \u5e74\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u4fee\u8a02\u7248\uff0c1830-31 \u5e74\uff09\u65e9\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74 \u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u66f8\u540d\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0cSchleiermacher \u201cOn Religion<\/em>\u201d\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u5c07\u5b97\u6559\u5f9e\u300c\u6709\u6559\u990a\u7684\u8511\u8996\u8005\u300d\u6216\u4f86\u81ea\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u5fb7\u570b\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5708\u5b50\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u548c\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u7684\u8511\u8996\u4e2d\u62ef\u6551\u51fa\u4f86\u3002 Kant \u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u5be6\u8b49\u795e\u5b78\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u8b74\u8cac\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u901a\u5f80\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u7684\u9014\u5f91\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u7d50\u5408\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0cSchleiermacher \u6c7a\u5b9a\u63a1\u53d6\u4e00\u7a2e\u8207 Kant \u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u90fd\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u4ed6\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1 Kant \u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f7f\u795e\u5b78\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6216\u4f7f\u5b97\u6559\u8b8a\u5f97\u904e\u6642\u3002 \u5c0d Schleiermacher \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u201c\u751f\u4f86\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u6027\u800c\u975e\u88fd\u5ea6\u6027\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6b63\u8654\u8aa0\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b64\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff09\uff08 Schleiermacher, F. 1969. \u201cOn Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers<\/em>\u201d\uff0cp 183\uff09\u3002 \u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\uff08\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff09\u5b97\u6559\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ead\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u88fd\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da Schleiermacher \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u300c\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u64c1\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u300d\uff08\u540c\u4e0a\uff0cp 143\uff09\u3002 \u5b97\u6559\u4e26\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u667a\u529b\u6216\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u8cf4\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5be9\u8996\u7684\u4e3b\u984c \u3002 \u9019\u53ea\u662f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u73fe\u8c61\u9818\u57df\u7684\u767c\u751f\u4f7f\u4eba\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u672c\u9ad4\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u559a\u9192\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u60c5\u611f\u3002 \u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5b97\u6559\u8207\u60c5\u611f\u9023\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8aaa\u5b83\u5f15\u767c\u57fa\u65bc\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u6230\u722d\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u662f\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\u3002 \u8654\u8aa0\u8005\u4e0d\u5c0b\u6c42\u900f\u904e\u67d0\u7a2e\u884c\u52d5\u4f86\u300c\u5ba3\u6d29\u300d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u95dc\u5fc3\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u57f9\u990a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f37\u5316\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\uff08Schleiermacher, F. 1969. \u201cOn Religion<\/em>\u201d\uff0cp 104\uff09\u3002 \u6839\u64da Schleiermacher \u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u540d\u9032\u884c\u50b7\u5bb3\u7684\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9f13\u5439\u5916\u5728\u884c\u52d5\u52dd\u904e\u5167\u5728\u6aa2\u8996\u7684\u300c\u5b97\u6559\u300d\u6a5f\u69cb\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u53d6\u5176\u8fb1\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u7f85\u99ac\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6703\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u5728 Schleiermacher \u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u66b4\u884c\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u932f\u3002 \u570b\u5bb6\u7d66\u4e88\u6559\u6703\u7279\u5225\u512a\u60e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5176\u53ef\u4ee5\u6536\u56de\u50b5\u52d9\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u64f4\u5927\u5176\u5728\u8a72\u6a5f\u69cb\u6240\u6709\u6210\u54e1\u4e2d\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002 \u7576\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u554f\u984c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5a5a\u59fb\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\u900f\u904e\u6559\u6703\u9032\u884c\u8abf\u89e3\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u6703\u5206\u6563\u6559\u6703\u7684\u9810\u671f\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u6703\u4f7f\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u7f6e\u65bc\u6559\u6703\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u300c\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\u300d \u300d\u3002 \u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c Schleiermacher \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u56b4\u683c\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u9818\u8896\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u8654\u8aa0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u771f\u8aa0\u4e26\u52aa\u529b\u300c\u5728\uff08\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\uff09\u5718\u5951\u4e2d\u5206\u4eab\u4ed6\u5011\u5167\u5fc3\u6df1\u8655\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u300d\uff08Schleiermacher, F. 1969. \u201cOn Religion<\/em>\u201d\uff0cp 233\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96d6\u7136 Schleiermacher \u627f\u8a8d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u7d93\u9a57\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u751f\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u4e9b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u80fd\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u4ef0\u66f4\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002 \u5c0d Schleiermacher \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u773e\u591a\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u812b\u7a4e\u800c\u51fa\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002 \u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u596e\u9b25\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6574\u500b\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u66f4\u6de8\u5316\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u3001\u6c38\u4e0d\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u300d\uff08Schleiermacher, F. 1969. \u201cOn Religion<\/em>\u201d\uff0cp 308\uff09\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5340\u5206\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u548c\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7121\u77e5\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8150\u6557\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5eb8\u4fd7\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5076\u50cf\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u67d0\u7a2e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c0d\u8c61\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002 \u6700\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6559\u7687\u6b0a\uff0c\u5b83\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u751a\u9ebc\u69cb\u6210\u6216\u4e0d\u69cb\u6210\u9069\u7576\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6210\u5c31\u3002 Schleiermacher \u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u932f\u8aa4\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u65b0\u6559\u6559\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u66f4\u52a0\u5fae\u5999\u3001\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u300c\u8a98\u4eba\u300d\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u5b97\u6559\u5df2\u88ab\u8150\u8755\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u505c\u6b62\u5b58\u5728\u3002 \u6b77\u53f2\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u9769\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\u767c\u751f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u3002 \u751a\u81f3\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5fc5\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u4ee5\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u900f\u904e\u5404\u7a2e\u6a5f\u69cb\u5c0b\u6c42\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u634d\u885b\u5b97\u6559\u514d\u53d7\u6709\u6559\u990a\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4ecd\u7136\u662f Schleiermacher \u5f8c\u4f86\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u5c0d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6b63\u7d71\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u634d\u885b\uff0c\u5728\u201cThe Christian Faith<\/em>\u201d\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u95e1\u8ff0\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u7d50\u8ad6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u5c0d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u512a\u8d8a\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5730\u4f4d\u751a\u81f3\u9ad8\u65bc\u7336\u592a\u6559\uff09\uff0c Schleiermacher \u7684\u8a08\u756b\u4ecd\u7136\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u548c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u5c0d\u5b97\u6559\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u4e00\u81f4\u548c\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65 \uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002 \u5b83\u4e5f\u900f\u904e\u4fc3\u9032\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e26\u78ba\u5b9a\u672a\u4f86\u54f2\u5b78\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5c0d\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6c1b\u570d\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8ad6\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u54f2\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\uff1a\u521d\u6b65\u8aaa\u660e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f9e 1780 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5230 1830 \u5e74\u4ee3\u81f3 1840 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u898b\u8b49\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u8a69\u6b4c\u9818\u57df\u6700\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u9769\u547d\u3002 \u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u6beb\u4e0d\u542b\u7cca\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u7576\u4eca\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u9918\u6ce2\u6ce2\u53ca\u6574\u500b\u5fb7\u570b\u548c\u6574\u500b\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u9678\uff0c\u5b83\u70ba\u5de6\u6d3e Hegel \u6d3e\u548c Marx\u3001\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u8a6e\u91cb\u5b78\u548c\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u92ea\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002 \u82f1\u8a9e\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207 Gottlob Frege \u6709\u95dc\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5118\u7ba1\u9593\u63a5\u5730\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u7531 G. E. Moore \u548c Bertrand Russell \u5728\u65e9\u671f\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u767c\u8d77\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u8f49\u5411\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u3002 \u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u4e0d\u8a87\u5f35\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u3001\u8207\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b77\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cThe German Idealism Reader: Ideas, Responses, and Legacy\u201d \u5168\u9762\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u7bc4\u570d\u64f4\u5927\u5230 Kant\u3001Fichte\u3001Schelling \u548c Hegel\u9019\u56db\u4f4d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u3001\u4f46\u5c0d\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u4e5f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u5448\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u6240\u6709\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u8907\u96dc\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u6642\u671f\u548c\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u52d5\u614b\u5716\u50cf\uff1a – Kant\u3001Fichte\u3001Schelling \u548c Hegel \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u672c\u9078\u96c6 – \u95b1\u8b80Reinhold\u3001Schiller\u3001Maimon\u3001Schulze\u3001Jacobi\u3001H\u00f6lderlin\u3001\u548c Novalis \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1 – Schopenhauer\u3001Feuerbach\u3001Marx\u3001Kierkegaard \u548c Nietzsche \u7b49\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u8207\u6279\u8a55 – \u9078\u96c6\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u5178\u578b\u95dc\u6ce8\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u793e\u6703\u548c\u85dd\u8853 – \u7e3d\u9ad4\u4ecb\u7d39\u548c\u6642\u9593\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u4f4d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u5e74\u8868\u548c\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u548c\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\u6027\u6982\u8ff0 \u900f\u904e\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6311\u9078\u7684\u8b80\u7269\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u201cThe German Idealism Reader\u201d \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u8a72\u6642\u671f\u6838\u5fc3\u54f2\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u548c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u5fb7\u570b\u53ca\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u6b50\u6d32\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u91cd\u8981\u904b\u52d5\u548c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8b80\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx \u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u6fc0\u52d5\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b83\u5c0d\u6b50\u6d32\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2nX","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9173"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9173\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9174,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9173\/revisions\/9174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}