{"id":9176,"date":"2024-02-18T12:33:28","date_gmt":"2024-02-18T12:33:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9176"},"modified":"2024-02-18T12:33:31","modified_gmt":"2024-02-18T12:33:31","slug":"moral-philosophy-and-moral-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/02\/18\/moral-philosophy-and-moral-life\/","title":{"rendered":"Moral Philosophy and Moral Life"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u54f2\u5b78\u80fd\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6d3b\u55ce\uff1f \u6211\u5011\u8a72\u653e\u624b\u55ce\uff1f \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u6216\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4f55\u5728\uff1f \u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u3001\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u601d\u8003\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f \u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5f15\u5c0e\u8457 Anne-Marie S\u00f8ndergaard Christensen \u7684\u66f8 \u201cMoral Philosophy and Moral Life<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u8ad6\u984c\u3002 \u5979\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u532f\u96c6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f86\u81ea\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 Aristotle\u3002 \u5979\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86 \uff0c\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u7522\u751f\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5ee3\u6cdb\u800c\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anne-Marie S\u00f8ndergaard Christensen \u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u5979\u7684\u6a19\u984c\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u66f4\u8b19\u865b\uff0c\u662f \u201c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9084\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u6709\u95dc\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u95dc\u4fc2\u5230\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201d \uff08 p 3 \uff0c\u5979\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\uff09\u5979\u7684\u66f8\u6240\u56de\u61c9\u7684\uff08\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8072\u7a31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff09\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u6311\u6230[\u2026\u2026]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be6\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u201d\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u201d \uff08 p 6 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anne-Marie S\u00f8ndergaard Christensen \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u8981\u505a\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u7a2e\u7522\u751f\u9019\u985e\u6307\u5c0e\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6beb\u7121\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u4e26\u4e14\uff08\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff09\u8b93\u4e00\u5207\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6a23\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u4f5c\u7528\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6211\u5011\u5bb9\u6613\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u524d\u5f9e\u672a\u8a3b\u610f\u5230\u7684\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u9ede\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u5730\u5716\u3001\u8def\u6a19\u3001\u7a7a\u62cd\u7167\u7247\u548c\u66f8\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u5728\u98a8\u666f\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u80fd\u5920\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u5fb5\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u201d \uff08 p 10 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f8c\u4f86\u5979\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4e09\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5373\u4fc3\u9032\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u53d6\u5411\u3001\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u95dc\u6ce8\u548c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u767c\u5c55\u201d\uff08 p 201 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u9053\u5fb7\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u751a\u9ebc\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u601d\u8003\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anne-Marie S\u00f8ndergaard Christensen \u62d2\u7d55\u5c07\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u8996\u70ba\uff08\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\uff09\u898f\u7bc4\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u59cb\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1aIris Murdoch \u548c Elizabeth Anscombe \u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00 50 \u5e74\u4ee3\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u56b4\u5cfb\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f Murdoch 1956 \u5e74\u7684 \u201cVision and Choice in Morality<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u548c Anscombe \u7684 \u201cModern Moral Philosophy<\/a>\uff0c1958<\/em>\u201d\uff09\u3002 Christensen \u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u8981\u9ede\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5c31\u5979\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5979\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iris Murdoch \u548c Elizabeth Anscombe \u90fd\u6279\u8a55\u7576\u4ee3\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u904e\u5ea6\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5c0b\u627e\u57fa\u790e\u4f86\u61c9\u5c0d\u6b0a\u5a01\u9053\u5fb7\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6163\u4f8b\u5305\u88dd\u6210\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 \u81ea\u5f9e\u9019\u5169\u7bc7\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u767c\u8868\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5171\u9cf4\uff08 p 19 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u5927\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u61c9\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede \u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5247\u5141\u8a31\u7406\u8ad6\u8981\u6c42\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u89e3\u9032\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u201d\uff08 p 37 \uff09\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0cChristensen \u501f\u9452\u4e86 Bernard Williams \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u53cd\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u904d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u4f86\u6388\u6b0a\u4fee\u6539\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\u4ed6\u88dc\u5145\u4e86\u66f4\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u9053\u5fb7\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u9054\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5167\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5b9c\u5c45\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u201d \uff08 p 37 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728 \u201cMoral Philosophy and Moral Life<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u5f8c\u9762\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u8ac7\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5247\uff1a \u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5247\u5728\u5c0d\u67d0\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u89e3\u4e26\u5f9e\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6c7a\u5b9a\u65b9\u9762\u767c\u63ee\u8457\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5247\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u59cb\u7d42\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5c0d\u7576\u524d\u7279\u5b9a\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u201d \uff08 p 77 \uff09\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0cAnne-Marie S\u00f8ndergaard Christensen \u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5426\u8a8d\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u5979\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5149\u9760\u9019\u4e9b\u662f\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anne-Marie S\u00f8ndergaard Christensen \u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8ad6\u9ede\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4ed4\u7d30\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\uff08\u5979\u751a\u81f3\u900f\u904e\u8a0e\u8ad6 Oskari Kuusela \u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f86\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0ce.g. Benjamin De Mesel & Oskari Kuusela – Ethics in the Wake of Wittgenstein<\/a><\/em>-Routledge (2019)\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4e5f\u5c0d\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u6279\u8a55\u3002\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Onora O’Neill\uff0cp 79 \u548c Martha Nussbaum \u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0cp 25 \uff09\u548c\u5979\u6700\u540c\u610f\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 Margaret Urban Walker \uff09\u3002( ch 2: The Critique of Moral Theories)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anne-Marie S\u00f8ndergaard Christensen \u5728\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u8aaa\uff0c\u5979\u89ba\u5f97\u7121\u6cd5\u7e3d\u7d50\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u5927\u91cf\u5df2\u7d93\u975e\u5e38\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u4ed4\u7d30\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u7d9c\u5408\u3001\u6279\u8a55\u548c\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002 \u5f88\u96e3\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\uff08\u5118\u7ba1\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\u80af\u5b9a\u6703\u627e\u5230\u65b9\u6cd5\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u540c\u610f\u7136\u5f8c\u62cb\u68c4\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u9019\u672c \u201cMoral Philosophy and Moral Life<\/em>\u201d \u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u6210\u679c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7d93\u904e\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\u662f\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u3001\u904e\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u610f\u5473\u8457\u751a\u9ebc\u4ee5\u53ca\u5169\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002 \u540c\u610f\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u610f\u5473\u8457\u95b1\u8b80\u5b83\u4e26\u8aaa \u201c\u662f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f9e\u6b64\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u9075\u5b88\u9053\u5fb7\u4e26\u5617\u8a66\u9053\u5fb7\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u6642\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7e3d\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201cMoral Philosophy and Moral Life<\/em>\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u5e6b\u52a9\u4eba\u5011\u91cd\u65b0\u8a8d\u8b58\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4ee5\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff1a\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u554f\u984c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u662f\u7576\u4eca\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u5de5\u4f5c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u969c\u7919\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u201cMoral Philosophy and Moral Life<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 ( REVISING MORAL THEORIES) \u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u4e3b\u6d41\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6279\u8a55\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u3001\u57fa\u790e\u6027\u3001\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u6307\u5c0e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u5b83\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u4f5c\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u8a9e\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206 ( PARTICULARITIES IN MORAL LIFE) \u7814\u7a76\u8207\u7406\u89e3\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3001\u5979\u7684\u6027\u683c\u3001\u627f\u8afe\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7acb\u5834\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u5979\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 (MORAL PHILOSOPHY) \u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u56de\u6b78\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u767c\u5c55\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u548c\u95e1\u91cb\u6027\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u548c\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u7279\u5b9a\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u9019\u4e00\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5f88\u5ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u66f4\u70ba\u6eab\u548c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u5c0d\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u95dc\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u54f2\u5b78\u80fd\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6d3b\u55ce\uff1f \u6211\u5011\u8a72\u653e\u624b\u55ce\uff1f \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u6216\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4f55\u5728\uff1f \u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u3001\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u601d\u8003\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f \u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5f15\u5c0e\u8457 Anne-Marie S\u00f8ndergaard Christensen \u7684\u66f8 \u201cMoral Philosophy and Moral Life\u201d \u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u8ad6\u984c\u3002 \u5979\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u532f\u96c6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f86\u81ea\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 Aristotle\u3002 \u5979\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86 \uff0c\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u7522\u751f\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5ee3\u6cdb\u800c\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002 Anne-Marie S\u00f8ndergaard Christensen \u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u5979\u7684\u6a19\u984c\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u66f4\u8b19\u865b\uff0c\u662f \u201c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5f88\u6709\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9084\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u6709\u95dc\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u95dc\u4fc2\u5230\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201d \uff08 p 3 \uff0c\u5979\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\uff09\u5979\u7684\u66f8\u6240\u56de\u61c9\u7684\uff08\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8072\u7a31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff09\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u6311\u6230[\u2026\u2026]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be6\u8cea\u6027\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u201d\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u201d \uff08 p 6 \uff09 Anne-Marie S\u00f8ndergaard Christensen \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u8981\u505a\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u7a2e\u7522\u751f\u9019\u985e\u6307\u5c0e\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6beb\u7121\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u4e26\u4e14\uff08\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff09\u8b93\u4e00\u5207\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6a23\uff1a \u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u4f5c\u7528\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u6709\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6211\u5011\u5bb9\u6613\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u524d\u5f9e\u672a\u8a3b\u610f\u5230\u7684\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002 \u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u9ede\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u5730\u5716\u3001\u8def\u6a19\u3001\u7a7a\u62cd\u7167\u7247\u548c\u66f8\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u5728\u98a8\u666f\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u80fd\u5920\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u9053\u5fb7\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u5fb5\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u201d \uff08 … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2o0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9176"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9177,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9176\/revisions\/9177"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}