{"id":9188,"date":"2024-03-13T03:15:21","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T03:15:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9188"},"modified":"2024-03-13T03:15:24","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T03:15:24","slug":"knowledge-politics-governing-the-consequences-of-science-and-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/03\/13\/knowledge-politics-governing-the-consequences-of-science-and-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Knowledge Politics: Governing the Consequences of Science and Technology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

I.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u719f\u6089 Nico Stehr\u00a0\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u672c \u201cKnowledge Politics: Governing the Consequences of Science and Technology<\/a><\/em>\u201d\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269 ( \u201c\u00a0Biotechnology: Between Commerce and Civil Society\u00a0(2004)<\/a><\/em>\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u00a0The Governance of Knowledge\u00a0(2003)<\/a><\/em>\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u00a0The Fragility of Modern Societies: Knowledge and Risk in the Information Age\u00a0(2001)<\/a><\/em>\u201d) \u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u65b0\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u64f4\u6563\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u8a72\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c \u201c\u6d88\u8cbb consumption\u201d \u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002 \u9019\u672c \u201cKnowledge Politics<\/em>\u201d \u4ee4\u4eba\u8208\u596e\u7684\u66f8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u898f\u7bc4\u65b0\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 \u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u6ce8\u904e\u53bb\u4e94\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8a66\u7ba1\u4eba\u985e\u53d7\u5b55\u3001\u751f\u6b96\u6027\u514b\u9686\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b49\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u722d\u8b70\u548c\u516c\u773e\u8faf\u8ad6\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u627e\u5230\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u9810\u671f\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u9451\u65bc\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e26\u5177\u6709\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u6709\u5bb3\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7121\u9650\u5236\u6216\u5373\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u77e5\u8b58\u76e3\u7ba1\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5df2\u9054\u5230\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c Nico Stehr \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u7684\u958b\u7bc7\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u5c08\u9580\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u52d5\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u73fe\u5be6\u6a21\u578b\u3002 \u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5145\u5206\u689d\u4ef6\u3002 \u70ba\u4e86\u63a5\u53d7\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u627f\u8a8d\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u8b77\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5b83\u9003\u812b\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5f37\u8005\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u58df\u65b7\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4f01\u5716\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0cStehr \u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u8ac7\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u76ee\u7779\u61c9\u5c0d\u548c\u8655\u7406\u65b0\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7ba1\u7406\u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u76e3\u7ba1\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u5340\u5225\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u76e3\u7ba1\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4f4d\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\uff1b \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u9810\u671f\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u5f8c\u679c\u3002 \u7576\u524d\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u8655\u7406\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u884c\u52d5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nico Stehr \u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u76e3\u7ba1\u7684\u300c\u5167\u5bb9 what\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8ab0 who\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5982\u4f55 how\u300d\u3002 \u5f8c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u6436\u4f54\u7279\u5b9a\u77e5\u8b58\u4e3b\u5f35\u6216\u6280\u8853\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u64f4\u5927\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u95dc\u5fc3\u77e5\u8b58\u7522\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u884c\u52d5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u64f4\u6563\uff0c\u570d\u7e5e\u65b0\u751f\u7269\u6280\u8853\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002 \u81f3\u65bc\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u300c\u8ab0\u300d\u662f\u53c3\u8207\u8005\uff0cStehr \u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u95dc\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u793e\u6703\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u5718\u9ad4\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u300c\u975e\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb lay persons\u300d\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u500b\u4eba\u7b49\u3002\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u516c\u773e\u53c3\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u7a2e\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u969c\u7919\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5927\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4e39\u9ea5\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u6703\u8b70<\/a> ( p 160 )\uff0c\u4e26\u5f37\u8abf\u6df7\u5408\u63a7\u5236\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u6a21\u5f0f\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u770b\u4f86\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u984c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7576\u524d\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u6cbb\u7406\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u800c\u4e14\u61c9\u8a72\u8aaa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8a71 \u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0cNico Stehr \u9078\u64c7\u5c07\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5169\u7ae0\u5c08\u9580\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u96d6\u7136\u80af\u200b\u200b\u5b9a\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u9ede\u4e0d\u7121\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u5176\u9918\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u8655\u7406\u5f97\u592a\u7c21\u55ae\u4e86\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5e02\u5834\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u4ea4\u63db\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002 Stehr \u4ee5\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u9020\u98df\u54c1\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u76ee\u7779 \u201c\u5e02\u5834\u9053\u5fb7\u5316 moralization of the market\u201d\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u502b\u7406\u8003\u616e\u7684\u9a45\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u529f\u5229\u6027\u8003\u616e\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u76e3\u7ba1\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u5c24\u5176\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u570b\u969b\u76e3\u7ba1\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0cNico Stehr \u5728\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u5728\u5e7e\u7a2e\u614b\u5ea6\u4e4b\u9593\u6416\u64fa\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u73fe\u50cf\u6709\u6642\u88ab\u8868\u8ff0\u70ba \u201c\u4e8b\u5be6\u201d \u6216\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u88ab\u5ba3\u4f48\u70ba \u201c\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5c07\u4f86\u767c\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u5c0d\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u56b4\u91cd\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u6642\u7531\u65bc\u6700\u7d42\u7121\u6cd5\u9810\u6e2c\u5c07\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u800c\u906d\u5230\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9858\u671b\u4ecd\u61c9\u5be6\u73fe\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5916\u884c\u4eba\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u76e3\u7ba1\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u6df7\u5408\uff1a\u5916\u884c\u4eba\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u6709\u6642\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4f8b\u884c\u516c\u4e8b\u300d\uff08 p 206 \uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u7d44\u7e54\u9019\u7a2e\u8ca2\u737b\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u7684\u5448\u73fe\u53c3\u8207\u662f\u77ed\u66ab\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff0cStehr \u6700\u7d42\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u7d44\u7e54\u5916\u884c\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u6c7a\uff08 p 158 \uff09\u3002 \u4ed6\u53ea\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u53c3\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u76e3\u7ba1\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005 \u201c\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u7570\u201d\uff08 pp 165-6 \uff09\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u5be6\u969b\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u5be9\u67e5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7d44\u7e54\u5c08\u5bb6\u548c\u5916\u884c\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u76e3\u7ba1\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a66\u5716\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u78ba\u5b9a\u7576\u524d\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\u7c21\u8981\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u52aa\u529b\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u9818\u57df\u6b63\u5728\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u56de\u61c9\u516c\u773e\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u548c\u53cd\u5c0d\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u4f55\u6642\u5728\u793e\u6703\u884c\u52d5\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u7a4d\u6975\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u77e5\u8b58\u5982\u4f55\u878d\u5165\u6b0a\u529b\u3002 \u5b83\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u898f\u5f8b\u3002 \u66f8\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff1a\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u662f\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c16\u7aef\u77e5\u8b58\u53ea\u5c0d\u83c1\u82f1\u7acb\u5373\u6709\u7528\u3002 \u5728\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u4e0d\u50c5\u5728\u570b\u754c\u5167\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53d7\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c07\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u5c0d\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Introduction: A Millsian World of Knowledge<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u7ae0 (Introduction) \u4e2d\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u56de\u61c9\u6709\u95dc\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u548c\u767c\u660e\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6548\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u672c\u7ae0\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u767c\u5c55\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5305\u62ec\u5c07\u65b0\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u77e9\u9663\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u6230\u7565\u52aa\u529b\u3002 \u4e00\u822c\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u76e3\u7ba1\u8a66\u5716\u63a7\u5236\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u900f\u904e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u898f\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u898f\u548c\u6c7a\u5b9a \uff0c\u9084\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u65e8\u5728\u589e\u5f37\u548c\u64f4\u5927\u793e\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002 \u898f\u7bc4\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u65b0\u7a4e\u6280\u8853\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u64fe\u4e82\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u885d\u7a81\u8def\u7dda\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4ee5\u65b0\u7a4e\u4e14\u5feb\u901f\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u806f\u76df\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5275\u9020\u5947\u602a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5925\u4f34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Knowledge about Knowledge<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u672c\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u95dc\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002 \u5b83\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u300c\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u662f\u529b\u91cf\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u4e26\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u8981\u4e48\u9ad8\u4f30\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u6b0a\u529b\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u9ad8\u4f30\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6b0a\u529b\u8f15\u6613\u5229\u7528\u4ee5\u978f\u56fa\u5176\u7279\u6b0a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002 Stehr \u8a8d\u70ba \uff0c\u5f8c\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u6e90\u81ea\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u66f4\u5927\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u570b\u6c11\u751f\u7522\u6bdb\u984d\u8861\u91cf\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6b0a\u91cd\u3001\u548c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u4efd\u984d\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u9818\u57df\u3002 \u79d1\u5b78\u662f\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u5f9e\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u76db\u884c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u77e5\u8b58\u6307\u5c0e\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u5ea6\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\u770b\u3002 \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u6e96\u5148\u9a57\u7684\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u6839\u690d\u65bc\u6574\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. The Governance of Knowledge<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u672c\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9054\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u88fd\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u7d55\u4e0d\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\u610f\u5716\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u3002 \u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u898f\u7bc4\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6280\u8853\u88fd\u54c1\u5c0d\u90e8\u7f72\u898f\u5247\u548c\u88fd\u88c1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u300c\u76e3\u7ba1 regulatory\u300d\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u70ba\u300c\u505a\u751f\u610f\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u6642\u5f88\u96e3\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u78ba\u5b9a\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u5177\u9ad4\u8853\u8a9e\u63cf\u8ff0\u77e5\u8b58\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u53f2\u524d\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u9632\u79a6\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u78ba\u8a8d\u548c\u78ba\u4fdd\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5fc5\u9808\u76f8\u7576\u7a69\u5b9a\u548c\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. Rules, Regulations, and Restrictions<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u672c\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u793e\u6703\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9996\u5148\u95e1\u660e\u3001\u7136\u5f8c\u8ac7\u5224\u548c\u5efa\u69cb\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u6280\u8853\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u898f\u5247\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002 \u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u52d5\u6a5f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5fc5\u7136\u9650\u65bc\u5c0d\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u52aa\u529b\u898f\u7bc4\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4ee5\u4f55\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6cbb\u7406\u7d44\u7e54\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u89e3\u6c7a\u901a\u5e38\u91dd\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u63a7\u5236\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u3002 \u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7559\u7d66\u9053\u5fb7\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u96c6\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5be6\u65bd\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u5c0d\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u5f9e\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u72c0\u614b\u4e26\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\u5be6\u65bd\u7684\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u8abf\u7bc0\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. The Moralization of the Market<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u672c\u7ae0\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u6280\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4f5c\u70ba\u5be6\u8b49\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e2d\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u5e02\u5834\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5e02\u5834\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u7269\u6280\u8853\u98df\u54c1\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7522\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u78ba\u5be6\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u66ff\u4ee3\u7522\u54c1\u3002 \u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6210\u9577\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5316\u70ba\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u61c9\u7269\u3002 \u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u751f\u7269\u6280\u8853\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5316\u6642\uff0c\u5340\u5206\u904e\u7a0b\u548c\u7522\u54c1\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u77e5\u8b58\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u904e\u7a0b\u548c\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u878d\u5408\u3002 \u77e5\u8b58\u6b63\u6210\u70ba\u4f01\u696d\u4e4b\u9593\u3001\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5340\u4e4b\u9593\u7d93\u6fdf\u6210\u9577\u548c\u7af6\u722d\u512a\u52e2\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002 \u77e5\u8b58\u767c\u5c55\u662f\u6307\u73fe\u4ee3\u5de5\u696d\u793e\u6703\u5411\u77e5\u8b58\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. Globalization and Knowledge Politics<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5168\u7403\u5316\u662f\u6307\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u55ae\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u5373\u5168\u7403\u793e\u6703\u3002 \u8cc7\u8a0a\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \u63a8\u9032\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5340\u5225\u662f\u77e5\u8b58\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u9810\u671f\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002 \u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u63a8\u52d5\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6642\uff0c\u722d\u8b70\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u5834\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff1b \u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u7522\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5316\u3002 \u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5168\u7403\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u4f01\u696d\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u751f\u7522\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u751f\u7522\u6280\u8853\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u50b3\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u7e3d\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u65b0\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5373 \u201c\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbbKnowledge Politics\u201d\u3002 Nico Stehr \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u6703\u5c0d 20 \u4e16\u7d00 70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u958b\u767c\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u56e0\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u8a66\u7ba1\u4eba\u985e\u53d7\u5b55\u3001\u91cd\u7d44 DNA \u548c\u80da\u80ce\u5e79\u7d30\u80de\uff1b \u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u98df\u54c1\uff1b \u795e\u7d93\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\uff1b \u751f\u6b96\u6027\u8907\u88fd\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u7956\u5148\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u3002 \u4ed6\u4e5f\u5c55\u671b\u4e86\u5948\u7c73\u6280\u8853\u3001\u751f\u7269\u6280\u8853\u3001\u8cc7\u8a0a\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u9020\u4eba\u9ad4\u5de5\u5b78\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u672a\u4f86\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u652f\u6301\u8005\u6240\u5ba3\u7a31\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6280\u8853\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6cbb\u7652\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u6e1b\u7de9\u8001\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u6c61\u67d3\u4e26\u666e\u904d\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002 \u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u6587\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u6ce8\u65b0\u79d1\u6280\u6539\u8b8a\u751f\u6d3b\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u65b0\u6642\u4ee3\u3002 \u5c0d\uff08\u81ea\u7136\uff09\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u64f4\u5f35\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u6b63\u5728\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7dca\u8feb\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u8b70\u7a0b\u7684\u9996\u8981\u8b70\u984c\u3002 Stehr \u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a1\u53d6\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u7576\u524d\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u79d1\u5b78\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u96e3\u984c\u548c\u885d\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    I. \u719f\u6089 Nico Stehr\u00a0\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u672c \u201cKnowledge Politics: Governing the Consequences of Science and Technology\u201d\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269 ( \u201c\u00a0Biotechnology: Between Commerce and Civil Society\u00a0(2004)\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u00a0The Governance of Knowledge\u00a0(2003)\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u00a0The Fragility of Modern Societies: Knowledge and Risk in the Information Age\u00a0(2001)\u201d) \u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u65b0\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u64f4\u6563\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u8a72\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c \u201c\u6d88\u8cbb consumption\u201d \u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002 \u9019\u672c \u201cKnowledge … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2oc","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9188"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9189,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9188\/revisions\/9189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}