{"id":9206,"date":"2024-04-01T08:22:25","date_gmt":"2024-04-01T08:22:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9206"},"modified":"2024-04-01T08:22:28","modified_gmt":"2024-04-01T08:22:28","slug":"human-no-more-digital-subjectivities-unhuman-subjects-and-the-end-of-anthropology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/04\/01\/human-no-more-digital-subjectivities-unhuman-subjects-and-the-end-of-anthropology\/","title":{"rendered":"Human No More: Digital Subjectivities, Unhuman Subjects, and the End of Anthropology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201cHuman No More: Digital Subjectivities, Unhuman Subjects, and the End of Anthropology<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u5c07\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u8f49\u5411\u7db2\u8def\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u7fa3\u4e2d\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u3001\u5730\u9ede\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u5c0d\u57fa\u65bc\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u4e26\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003 \u201c\u4e3b\u9ad4 subject\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u201cHuman No More<\/em>\u201d \u6263\u554f\u6578\u4f4d\u6587\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca \u201c\u975e\u4eba\u985e unhuman\u201d \u548c \u201c\u6578\u4f4d digital\u201d \u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4 \u201c\u4eba\u985e human \u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u9805\u5177\u6709\u6311\u91c1\u6027\u548c\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8a2d\u3002 \u5099\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u7576\u4ee3\u4eba\u985e\u4e92\u52d5\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8208\u8da3 \uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u50b3\u64ad\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u548c\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5341\u591a\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u65b7\u7834\u58de\u4e26\u8cea\u7591\u57fa\u65bc\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u5728\u8de8\u570b\u6587\u5316\u6d41\u52d5\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88cf\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7d93\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u70ba\u5730\u675f\u7e1b\u3001\u9650\u5236\u548c\u5177\u9ad4\u5316 \u201c\u6587\u5316 culture\u201d \u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6279\u8a55\u3002 \u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u6279\u8a55\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u5f62\u5f0f\u5ef6\u4f38\u4e26\u7d93\u5e38\u6253\u7834 \u201c\u793e\u5340communities\u201d \u548c  \u201c\u7fa3\u9ad4 groups\u201d \u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u548c\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u3001\u91ce\u7378\u548c\u6a5f\u68b0\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8feb\u4f7f\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u7814\u7a76\u7684 \u201c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u201d \u7684\u69cb\u6210\u8981\u7d20<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u672c \u201cHuman No More: Digital Subjectivities, Unhuman Subjects, and the End of Anthropology<\/em>\u201d \u66f8\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u6311\u6230\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u4f86\u64f4\u5927\u5c0d\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u8a62\u554f\u6578\u4f4d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5c01\u9589\u4e16\u754c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96b1\u85cf\u548c\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5920\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u878d\u5165\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca \u201c\u975e\u4eba\u985e unhuman\u201d \u548c \u201c\u6578\u4f4d digital\u201d \u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u5982\u4f55\u70ba\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e36\u4f86\u4ee4\u4eba\u8208\u596e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002 \u4f46\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u4e00\u9580\u5efa\u7acb\u5728 \u201c\u4eba human\uff08anthropos\uff09\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u6703\u780d\u6389\u5b83\u6240\u8cf4\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684 \u201c\u77e5\u8b58\u4e4b\u6a39\u201d \u7684\u6a39\u679d\u5462\uff1f \u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u627f\u8a8d \u201c\u4eba\u985e human\u201d \u9019\u500b\u985e\u5225\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u8cea\u7591\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9019\u70ba\u6301\u4e45\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u800c\u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u7684\u7d42\u9ede\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u3002 \u5c0d \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u201d \u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5be9\u8996\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8ad6\u5047\u8a2d\u5982\u4f55\u4e0d\u50c5\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86 \u201c\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86 \u201c\u52d5\u7269\u201d \u548c \u201c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4eba\u985e not-quitehuman\u201d\uff08\u8b8a\u6027\u8005\u3001\u6b98\u75be\u4eba\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u7919\u8005\uff09\u5c0e\u81f4\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u985e\u5225\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u53ea\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e posthuman \u7684\u4e00\u9580\u5b78\u79d1\uff08Cary Wolfe(2010), What is posthumanism<\/a><\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u900f\u904e\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u8207\u6587\u5316\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u5c0d\u6b64\u985e\u8faf\u8ad6\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u548c\u6392\u9664\uff08Bruno Latour (1993), We have never been modern<\/a><\/em>\uff09\u5247\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u7a81\u51fa\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u6587\u7ae0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8207 \u201c\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u201d\u4eba\u7fa3\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u63a5\u89f8\uff08\u5982 Michael Heckenberger\u3001Neil L. Whitehead \u548c Kent Wisniewski \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u5728\u7dda\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u7db2\u8def\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7372\u5f97\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u6311\u6230\u548c\u985b\u8986\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66f8\u4e2d\u7ae0\u7bc0\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5177\u9ad4\u7684  \u201c\u7406\u6027 rational\u201d \u500b\u4eba\u53ea\u662f\u865b\u64ec\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5c01\u9589\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Matthew Bernius (Manufacturing and Encountering \u201cHuman\u201d in the Age of Digital Reproduction) \u6240\u8b49\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u8edf\u9ad4\u7a0b\u5f0f\u200b\u200b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5275\u5efa\u804a\u5929\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u5783\u573e\u90f5\u4ef6\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u641c\u5c0b\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u586b\u7968\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u5177\u5099\u8207 \u201c\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\u985e real humans\u201d \u9032\u884c\u793e\u4ea4\u3001\u6027\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002 \u9019\u4e9b\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u96e2\u7dda\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u64ec\u50cf\u65c1\u908a\u4e26\u8207\u4e4b\u4e92\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u50cf Donna J. Haraway\uff08Donna Haraway (2013), Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: the Reinvention of Nature<\/a><\/em>\uff09\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u662f\u63cf\u7e6a\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u5148\u9a45\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u898b\u89e3\u548c\u89c0\u5bdf\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6311\u6230\u548c\u554f\u984c\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u4e3b\u6d41\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u4e2d\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\uff0c\u5728\u7e7c\u7e8c\u300c\u5be6\u5730\u300d\u9032\u884c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u7684\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u300d\u5de5\u4f5c\u6642\u88ab\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u64f1\u7f6e\u4e00\u908a\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u7db2\u8def\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u4e3b\u89c0\u878d\u5165\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u88fd\u85e5\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\u516c\u53f8\u63a7\u5236\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5e1d\u570b\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u548c\u898b\u89e3\u624d\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u524d\u666f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u7d00\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b0\u5a92\u9ad4\u5f62\u5f0f\u65e5\u76ca\u878d\u5165\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6700\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u504f\u9060\u7684\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u201c\u865b\u64ec\u201d \u8207 \u201c\u771f\u5be6\u201d \u8b8a\u5f97\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u6210\u70ba \u201c\u771f\u5be6\u201d\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u865b\u64ec\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u6210\u70ba\u6574\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u985e\u4e0d\u518d\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7684\u4e3b\u984c \u2500\u2500 \u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4eba\u985e\uff1f\u2500\u2500 \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u8cab\u7a7f\u59cb\u7d42\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1 Neil L. Whitehead\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u71b1\u5207\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u5f9e\u665a\u671f\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8089\u9ad4\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u5b78\u79d1\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5247\u66f4\u52a0\u8b39\u614e\u5730\u8cea\u7591\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u662f\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u3002 \u9019\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f Anne Allison (Afterword) \u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff08\u5979\u7684\u5f8c\u8a18\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5354\u6703\uff08American Anthropological Association\uff0cAAA\uff09\u5c0f\u7d44\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u8a72\u5c0f\u7d44\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u5c0d \u201c\u4eba\u6027 humanity\u201d \u554f\u984c\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u548c\u958b\u653e\u5f0f\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9bae\u660e\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\uff08Tom Boellstorff(2015), Coming of Age in Second Life: An Anthropologist Explores the Virtually Human<\/a><\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u524d\u666f\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e0a\u9084\u662f\u5728\u5c0d\u8a72\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u6027\u5275\u59cb\u4eba\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u69cb\u6210\u5a01\u8105\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u201c\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u201d \u601d\u60f3\u5728 Johannes Fabian \u3001Marshall Sahlins \u548c Eric Wolf\u00a0 \u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u5275\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u53cd\u61c9\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u5c07\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u8207\u300c\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u662f\u65e8\u5728\u63a5\u7ba1\u8a72\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u8b8a\u76f8\u653f\u6cbb\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5141\u8a31\u5c0d\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u300d\u63d0\u51fa\u554f\u984c\u200b\u200b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u8207 Allison \u985e\u4f3c\uff0cZeynep Tufekci (We Were Always Human) \u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u4f86\u5275\u5efa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7b26\u865f\u901a\u904e\u5c07\u601d\u60f3\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u5206\u96e2\u4f86\u5141\u8a31\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684 \u201c\u812b\u96e2\u8eab\u9ad4 disembodiment\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7e3d\u662f\u65e2\u662f\u50cf\u5fb5\u6027\u7684\u53c8\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u7684\u201d \uff1b \u201c\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7e3d\u662f\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u201d ( p 34 )\u3002Tufekci \u548c\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u70ba\u7121\u5f62\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5275\u9020\u4e0d\u65b7\u64f4\u5927\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad4\u73fe\u4ecd\u7136\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e5f\u662f \u201c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u5718\u7d50\u8005\u201d \u3002 Tufekci \u8868\u793a\uff0c \u201c\u5728\u9375\u76e4\u4e0a\u6253\u5b57\u201d \u4e0d\u6703 \u201c\u5728\u8eab\u9ad4\u5167\u9020\u6210\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u5206\u88c2\u201d ( p 37 )\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Tufekci \u6b63\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23 \uff0c\u9019\u4ecd\u7136\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u65b0\u8208\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6280\u8853\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u671b\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6a21\u64ec\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d \u2014\u2014 \u76ae\u819a\u5957\u88dd\u3001\u8b77\u76ee\u93e1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8a2d\u5099\uff0c\u5c07\u6578\u4f4d\u8f38\u5165\u7121\u7e2b\u5730\u5e36\u5165\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u5f37\u7684\u667a\u6167\u4e2d \u2014\u2014 \u6216\u8005\u90a3\u4e9b\u672a\u4f86\u7684 Kurzwell \u9858\u666f\uff0c\u5373\u5948\u7c73\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u8702\u64c1\u800c\u81f3\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ae\u819a\u5167\u90e8\u8a2a\u554f\u7db2\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4fee\u5fa9\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u6642\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u50b3\u9001\u5230\u865b\u64ec\u4e16\u754c\uff08Ray Kurzweil (2006), The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology<\/a><\/em>\uff09 \u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u52d5\u7269\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b \u201c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4eba\u985e not-quite-humans\u201d \u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u548c\u9ad4\u73fe\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6b64\u985e\u6280\u8853\u8a2d\u5099\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u53c3\u8207\u6240\u5f37\u52a0\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d00\u5f8b\u78ba\u5be6\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u65b7\u88c2\u548c\u5206\u88c2\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u812b\u96e2\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u7a2e\u812b\u96e2\u5148\u524d\u6587\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cTufekci \u5fc5\u7136\u5728 \u201c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u201d \u548c \u201c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u201d \u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u4e4b\u9593\u6416\u64fa\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba \u201c\u4eba\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u59cb\u7d42\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5076\u7136\u7684\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 \u201c\u4eba\u6027 humanity\u201d \u5236\u5ea6\u88ab\u904b\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u900f\u904e\u5dee\u7570\u5efa\u69cb\u6b0a\u529b\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6392\u9664\u548c\u5305\u5bb9\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5100\u5f0f\u548c\u85a9\u6eff\u6559\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u6574\u500b\u6b23\u559c\u82e5\u72c2\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u985e\/\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u908a\u754c\u548c\u9ad4\u73fe\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u85a9\u6eff\u6559\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u5730\u5340\u7684\u85a9\u6eff\u6559\u6587\u737b\uff08Are We There Yet? The End of Anthropology Is Beyond the Human\uff09\uff0c\u5c0d\u6b64\u985e\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5177\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u548c\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff08\u53e6\u898b Stephanie W. Alem\u00e1n\u3001James Hoesterey\u3001Kent Wisniewski\uff09\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4e0d\u50c5\u5f15\u5165\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f15\u5165\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u770b\u5230\u7576\u524d\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5076\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u300c\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michel Foucault \u5728 \u201cThe Order of Things: An Archaeology of Human Sciences(2012)<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c \u201c\u6211\u5011\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8868\u660e \u2014\u2014 \u4eba\u985e\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u767c\u660e\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9805\u6216\u8a31\u5df2\u63a5\u8fd1\u5c3e\u8072\u3002 \u3002 \u3002 \u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b89\u6392\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u53e4\u5178\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9810\u6e2c\u4eba\u985e\u5c07\u88ab\u6c96\u8d70\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6d77\u908a\u6c99\u5b50\u4e0a\u756b\u7684\u4e00\u5f35\u81c9\u4e00\u6a23\u201d \u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u3001\u5b83\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u3001\u6709\u6642\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u5f0f\u7684\u4fee\u8fad\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7368\u7279\u6027\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982 Claude L\u00e9vi-Strauss\uff08The Savage Mind<\/a> (1966)<\/em>\uff09\u5728\u8ac7\u5230\u52d5\u7269\u6642\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u662f \u201c\u597d\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u8d77\u601d\u8003\u3002\u201d \u6b63\u5982 Jennifer Cool (The Mutual Co-Construction of Online and Onground in Cyborganic: Making an Ethnography of Networked Social Media Speak to Challenges of the Posthuman) \u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c \u201c\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u865b\u64ec\u6027\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u6027\u548c\u9ad4\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u5f88\u6709\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u6d89\u53ca\u96fb\u8166\u4ecb\u5c0e\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6587\u5316\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u6642\u9593\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a2\u7d22\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u9650\u5236\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u70ba\u865b\u64ec\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9577\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff0cJennifer Cool \u900f\u904e\u5c0d Cyborganic \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f15\u9818\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u9078\u64c7 \uff0cCyborganic<\/a> \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4f4d\u65bc\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u6975\u5ba2\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u81ea 20 \u4e16\u7d00 90 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u7db2\u8def\u51fa\u73fe\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5728\u7dda\u793e\u4ea4\u4e0d\u540c\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u5148\u9a45\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u90e8\u843d\u683c\u3001\u72c0\u614b\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u770b\u4f86\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u901a\u8a0a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5148\u9a45\u3002 \u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u793e\u7fa4\u900f\u904e\u7dda\u4e0a\u548c\u7dda\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u65b7\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u8b93Cool \u6aa2\u8996\u7dda\u4e0a\u548c\u7dda\u4e0b\u793e\u4ea4\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5171\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Matthew Bernius (Manufacturing and Encountering \u201cHuman\u201d in the Age of Digital Reproduction) \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7279\u5225\u503c\u5f97\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7814\u7a76 \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u201d \u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\uff08AI\uff09\u7684\u5275\u9020\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u5728\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u4e2d\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709 \u201c\u4e3b\u9ad4 subjects\u201d \uff08\u6216\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7a7a\u9593\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cMatthew Bernius (Manufacturing and Encountering \u201cHuman\u201d in the Age of Digital Reproduction) \u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u897f\u5317\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u5c0d\u7b49\u9805\u76ee (Virtual Peers for Literacy Learning)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u7684\u52d5\u756b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u89d2\u8272\u8207\u6574\u500b\u7269\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u7269\u4ef6\u914d\u5c0d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 \u201c\u865b\u64ec\u5c0d\u7b49\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5b83\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5979\u548c\u5979\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u8a71\u8005\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u201d \u3002\u96a8\u8457\u8ffd\u8e64\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u4e8c\u7dad\u689d\u78bc\u3001\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6578\u4f4d\u7269\u4ef6\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6210\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u793e\u4ea4\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8b8a\u5f97\u7279\u5225\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jenny Ryan (The Digital Graveyard: Online Social Networking Sites as Vehicles of Remembrance ) \u5c07\u6211\u5011\u5e36\u5165\u771f\u6b63\u7684 \u201c\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u201d \u9818\u57df\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u6b7b\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u6578\u4f4d\u75d5\u8de1\u548c\u865b\u64ec\u7a7a\u9593\u7e7c\u7e8c\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u60b2\u50b7\u8005\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5206\u4eab\u548c\u767c\u5e03\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6578\u767c\u6587\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u6b7b\u8005\u767c\u8868\u8a55\u8ad6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \u745e\u5b89\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u6307\u51fa\uff0c \u201c\u5177\u73fe embodiment\u201d \u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7dda\u4e0a\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6c89\u6d78\u5f0f\u672c\u8cea\u53ef\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u7a2e\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u5373\u6b7b\u8005\u78ba\u5be6 \u201c\u5728\u90a3\u88cf\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6b7b\u5f8c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 \u4e5f\u8a31\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6bd4\u91dd\u5c0d Facebook \u5728\u67d0\u4eba\u53bb\u4e16\u5f8c\u5f9e\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u522a\u9664\u500b\u4eba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6297\u8b70\u904b\u52d5\u66f4\u80fd\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8868\u9054\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e86\uff0c\u9019\u5834\u6297\u8b70\u904b\u52d5\u6070\u5982\u5176\u5206\u5730\u547d\u540d\u70ba \u201cFacebook \u7d00\u5ff5\u88ab\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff1a\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4eba<\/a>\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u63a8\u6e2c\u4e26\u8a18\u9304\u865b\u64ec\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5728\u7dda\u8eab\u4efd\u904a\u6232\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cHoward Rheingold, The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier-Perseus Books (1993)<\/a><\/em>\uff1bSherry Turkle, <\/a>Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet(1995)<\/a><\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u50cf\u4e2d\u6355\u6349\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u662f\u72d7\u3002\u4f46\u53f3\u4f8b\u5982 Facebook\uff0c\u5141\u8a31 Zeynep Tufekci \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u8349\u6839\u76e3\u8996 grassroots surveillance\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u900f\u904e\u72c0\u614b\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u7167\u7247\u548c\u5f71\u7247\u5c0d\u6700\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u9032\u884c\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u540c\u4f34\u76e3\u8996\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u8eab\u4efd\u8b58\u5225\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u5982 Michael Wesch (Anonymous, Anonymity, and the End(s) of Identity and Groups Online: Lessons from the \u201cFirst Internet-Based Superconsciousness\u201d  ) \u5728\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u6578\u4f4d\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u865b\u64ec\u7a7a\u9593\u6216\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u6703\u5275\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u69cb\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u81ea\u5df1\u73a9\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u88fd\u4f5c\u3002 Facebook \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5e73\u53f0\u9700\u8981\u6301\u4e45\u4e14\u53ef\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u5e73\u53f0\u5247\u5141\u8a31\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u904a\u6232\u3001\u5047\u540d\u6216\u533f\u540d\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u5c07\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u9023\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\uff1b \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5247\u5f37\u8abf\u7576\u5730\u806f\u7e6b\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u7d14\u6587\u5b57\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u7d14\u97f3\u8a0a\u7684\uff1b \u6709\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u8996\u983b\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5247\u6df7\u5408\u4e09\u8005\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u7570\u6b65\u7684\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u958b\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u95dc\u9589\u7684\u3002 \u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u5b58\u6a94\u7684\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u904b\u884c\u6b77\u53f2\uff1b \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5247\u4e0d\u7136\u3002 \u6bcf\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u793e\u4ea4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002 \u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u7dda\u4e0a\u793e\u4ea4\u6700\u76f8\u95dc\u548c\u6700\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u539f\u5247\u4e0d\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7279\u5fb5\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50c5\u53d7\u4eba\u985e\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u9650\u5236\u7684\u958b\u653e\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5141\u8a31\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Wesch \u5728\u533f\u540d\u73fe\u50cf\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u767c\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u548c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u8a71\u8005\u90fd\u4fdd\u6301\u533f\u540d\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u6587\u672c\u3001\u9023\u7d50\u548c\u5716\u50cf\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u7368\u7279\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u75f4\u8ff7\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u7684\u540d\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u570d\u7e5e\u7dad\u57fa\u89e3\u5bc6\u7684\u61a4\u6012\u548c\u300c\u533f\u540d\u8005\u300d\u7d44\u7e54\u5c0d Julian Assange \u4eba\u7269\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91dd\u5c0d\u5404\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u5176\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u533f\u540d\u884c\u52d5\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u300c\u533f\u540d\u8005\u300d\u7d44\u7e54\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u6311\u6230\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u653f\u6cbb\u53c3\u8207\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4eba\u985e\u8eab\u5206\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u89c0\u5ff5\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u8207\u6b0a\u529b\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6700\u76f8\u95dc\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u97cb\u65bd\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8aaa\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230 \u201c\u8eab\u5206 identity\u201d \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u8b93\u884c\u4f7f\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u5728\u7576\u524d\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e9e\u65bc\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5713\u5f62\u76e3\u7344\u4e2d\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u554f\u984c\u5c0d\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5c31\u986f\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u9a57\u8b49\u6587\u5316\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0d\u65b7\u64f4\u5927\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u771f\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8eab\u5206\u8a8d\u540c\u554f\u984c\u5c31\u986f\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u5de5\u4f5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u8a71\u8a9e\u5168\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u518d\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u4e86\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc \u201c\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u201d \u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u554f\u984c \u2014\u2014 \u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5076\u7136\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684 \u201c\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u89c0\u5bdf participant observation\u201d \u516c\u5f0f\u9700\u8981\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u4ed4\u7d30\u5730\u601d\u8003\u7684\u662f\u6211\u5011\u53c3\u8207\u7dda\u4e0a\u548c\u7dda\u4e0b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u9650\u5236\u548c\u54c1\u8cea\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Radhika Gajjala \u53ca Sue Ellen McComas (Splitting and Layering at the Interface: Mediating Indian Diasporas across Generations) \u5728\u5c0d\u5357\u4e9e\u50d1\u6c11\u9032\u884c\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003 \u201c\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u89c0\u5bdf\u201d\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u5a92\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55 \u201c\u8abf\u89e3 mediate\u201d \u6211\u5011\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u793e\u5340\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u7279\u5225\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u3002\u5979\u5006\u63a2\u7d22\u5370\u5ea6\u50d1\u6c11\u5982\u4f55\u8de8\u4ee3\u50b3\u64ad\uff0c\u5f9e\u524d\u6578\u4f4d\u5a92\u4ecb\u6558\u4e8b\u5230\u50d1\u6c11\u6210\u54e1\u5982\u4f55\u5728 \u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4eba\u751f<\/a> Second Life<\/a>\u201d \u8173\u672c\u5c0d\u50cf\u4e2d\u4f5c\u70ba\u5316\u8eab\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u5728\u90a3\u88cf\uff0c\u5979\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u91cd\u65b0\u9047\u5230\u5979\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u53cd\u8986\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u5b78\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u767c\u5c55\uff1f \u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u751f\u9769\u547d\u6027\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\uff1f \u5834\u57df\u7531\u4ec0\u9ebc\u69cb\u6210\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d Gray Graffam (Avatar: A Posthuman Perspective on Virtual Worlds) \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u9818\u57df\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u9b54\u7378\u4e16\u754c<\/a>\u300b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u865b\u64ec\u5be6\u5883\u548c\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\u64c1\u6709\u8d85\u904e 1000 \u842c\u73a9\u5bb6\u3002 \u5728\u8abf\u6574\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u4ee5\u9069\u61c9\u9019\u4e00\u9818\u57df\u6642\uff0cGraffam \u767c\u73fe\u5c0d\u904a\u6232\u5916\u73a9\u5bb6\u7684\u63a1\u8a2a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9069\u7576\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u300c\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u300d\u4e26\u6709\u6548\u56de\u7b54\u4ed6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8868\u6f14\u7dda\u7d22\u3002 \u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5be6\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u7d93\u9a57\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u578b\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff08\u7dda\u4e0a\u548c\u96e2\u7dda\uff09\u5f9e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u5b78\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u6216\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u69cb\u60f3\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u96a8\u8457\u5168\u7403\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u5c0d\u7db2\u8def\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6295\u8cc7\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6700\u504f\u9060\u548c\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u4eba\u7fa3\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002 Stephanie W. Alem\u00e1n (Technology, Representation, and the \u201cE-thropologist\u201d: The ShapeShifting Field among Native Amazonians ) \u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u5979\u5728\u572d\u4e9e\u90a3\u4e00\u500b\u504f\u9060\u6751\u838a\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u88cf\uff0cWaiwai \u4eba<\/a>\u9996\u6b21\u63a5\u89f8\u4e92\u806f\u7db2\u4e26\u958b\u59cb\u5728\u7db2\u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u751f\u52d5\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u5e74\u8f15\u7684 Waiwai \u7537\u5b50\u5728Facebook \u4e0a\u5c55\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c \u201c\u7a7f\u8457\u8dc6\u62f3\u9053\u88fd\u670d\u4e26\u64fa\u51fa\u59ff\u52e2\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5247\u64fa\u51fa\u9ed1\u5e6b\u59ff\u52e2\uff0c\u6234\u8457\u91dd\u7e54\u5e3d\uff0c\u6234\u8457\u58a8\u93e1\u548c\u8033\u6a5f\uff0c\u4e26\u505a\u51fa\u624b\u52e2\u201d\u3002 \u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u963f\u840a\u66fc\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u66f4\u50b3\u7d71\u7684 \u201c\u672c\u571f\u6d3b\u52d5\u201d \u4e2d\u7684\u5716\u50cf\uff1a\u5168\u8eab\u5857\u6eff\u9ed1\u8272\u984f\u6599\uff0c\u5c04\u5f13\u7bad\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u623f\u5c4b\u4e2d\u8df3\u821e\u3002Alem\u00e1n \u958b\u59cb\u770b\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u7576\u4eca\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u986f\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u4ee3\u8868\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u5920\u4e26\u4e14\u9858\u610f\u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\uff1f \u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u6c7a \u201c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5340\u57df\u548c\u5168\u7403\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2a\u554f\u9019\u4e9b\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u7a4d\u6975\u5c0b\u6c42\u53c3\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u7db2\u7d61\u201d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

James Hoesterey (The Adventures of Mark and Olly: The Pleasures and Horrors of Anthropology on TV) \u5728\u89c0\u770b\u6709\u95dc the Mek of Irian Jaya \u7684\u96fb\u8996\u771f\u4eba\u79c0\u7bc0\u76ee\u6642\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u7126\u616e\uff0c\u8a72\u7bc0\u76ee\u7121\u6065\u5730\u901a\u904e\u6eff\u8db3\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u91ce\u883b\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u6027\u7684\u6deb\u6b32\u8208\u8da3\u4f86\u518d\u73fe\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u4e3b\u89d2 Mark \u548c Olly\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5584\u826f\u3001\u958b\u660e\u3001\u8a0e\u4eba\u559c\u6b61\u4e14\u654f\u611f\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u3002 \u5728 2009\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\uff0c\u7576 Hoesterey \u9996\u6b21\u5728\u96fb\u8996\u4e0a\u8b1b\u8ff0\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u300c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u89f8\u300d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7cbe\u5fc3\u69cb\u5efa\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u6642\uff0c\u89c0\u773e\u5e2d\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u5831\u4ee5\u9663\u9663\u7b11\u8072\u3002 \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7b11\u8072\u4e5f\u8a31\u8207\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u6709\u95dc\uff1a\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u559c\u6b61\u5728\u6211\u5011\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u548c Mark \u548c Olly \u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e4b\u9593\u5283\u6e05\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u5927\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Hoesterey \u6240\u8b49\u660e\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u6d41\u884c\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u6279\u5224\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u5728\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u7126\u616e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7126\u616e\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u5b78\u5bb6\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u9700\u8981\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u715e\u8cbb\u82e6\u5fc3\u5730\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u89c0\u5bdf\u548c\u8868\u5fb5\u4e00\u6a23\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Kent Wisniewski (Invisible Caboclos and Vagabond Ethnographers: A Look at Ethnographic Engagement in Twenty-First-Century Amazonia ) \u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8207\u5169\u4f4d\u5b09\u76ae\u58eb\u300c\u6d41\u6d6a\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u5b78\u8005\u300d\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c0d\u5df4\u897f\u7684\u96b1\u5f62\u5713\u9802\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u201c\u5c07\u53c3\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u5c07\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u63ed\u793a\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5171\u4eab\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9593\u6027\u7684\u7522\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u548c\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u548c\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u7279\u6b0a\u6216\u9ad8\u4f30\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u5176\u751f\u7522\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8655\u7406\u6240\u6709\u985e\u5225 \u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u53c3\u8207\u9032\u884c\u7406\u8ad6\u5316\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u7dda\u4e0a\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u4eba\u985e\u89c0\u5ff5\u9650\u5236\u6211\u5011\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u5931\u6557\u7684\u6240\u6709\u865b\u64ec\u7a7a\u9593\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Michael Heckenberger (Marginal Bodies, Altered States, and Subhumans: (Dis)Articulations between Physical and Virtual Realities in Centro, S\u00e3o Paulo) \u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709 \u201c\u865b\u64ec\u5be6\u5883\u201d \u90fd\u662f\u6578\u4f4d\u6216\u7dda\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c07\u6578\u4f4d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7d0d\u5165\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6070\u6070\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u4f9b\u9003\u907f Foucault\u00a0\/ George E. Marcus (Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography(1986)<\/a><\/em>) \u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6b0a\u529b\u5a92\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002 \u5728 S\u00e3o Paulo<\/a>\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8a71\u8a9e\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u975e\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5438\u6bd2\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u70ba\u516c\u5171\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u975e\u7406\u6027\u548c\u6b21\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u800c\u4f54\u64da\u4e86\u4e2d\u5fc3\u821e\u53f0\u3002 \u4e5f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u6bad\u5c4d\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u751f\u8207\u6b7b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u5357\u4e9e\u6578\u4f4d\u7dda\u4e0a\u5c45\u6c11\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u6642\u523b\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u548c\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c\u4f46\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u7d93\u6b77\u8457\u6d41\u96e2\u5931\u6240\u548c\u8ff7\u5931\u65b9\u5411 \uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6563\u5c45\u8005\u5728\u793e\u6703\u906d\u9047\u4e2d\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002 \u5c31\u50cf\u57ce\u5e02\u666f\u89c0\u4e2d\u7684\u6bad\u5c4d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6563\u5c45\u570b\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u8a66\u5716\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u69cb\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4ee5\u62b5\u79a6\u7316\u7357\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u8cea\uff09\u7a2e\u65cf\u6ec5\u7d55\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u5df2\u7d93\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u908a\u7de3\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u8207\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u76ee\u7779\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5dee\u7570\u548c\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u3002 \u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e9e\u6d32\u5230\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u6d41\u57df\u518d\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u6578\u4f4d\u5a92\u9ad4\u70ba\u8ce6\u6b0a\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\u662f\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0d\u518d\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u985e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u69cb\u6210\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u8ecc\u8de1\u4e26\u4ee3\u8868\u908a\u7de3\u7fa3\u9ad4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5993\u5973\u3001\u7f6a\u72af\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u300c\u53db\u4e82\u5206\u5b50\u300d\u6216\u300c\u904a\u64ca\u968a\u300d\uff09\u7684\u300c\u4eba\u6027\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7d66\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u502b\u7406\u6311\u6230\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u201d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7dda\u6216\u96e2\u7dda\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u3002 \u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6b98\u75be\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u52d5\u7269\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u201cHuman No More\u201d \u9019\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u8a0e\u8ad6\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u5100\u5f0f\u3001\u7b26\u865f\u53ca\u5176\u8868\u6f14\u6027\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684 \u201c\u4eba\u985e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u201d \u7684\u5145\u5206\u6a19\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u7121\u8ad6\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u5f8c\u4eba\u985e\u8b70\u984c\u4e0a\u6301\u4f55\u7a2e\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u5c0d\u665a\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8d8a\u7344\u4e26\u975e\u6c92\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6230 \u3002 \u8af8\u5982\u8caa\u5a6a\u7684\u5978\u5546\u548c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u5316\u6cbb\u7406\u7b49\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u548c\u6a5f\u69cb\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u5728\u7dda\u4e0a\u548c\u7dda\u4e0b\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5283\u5b9a\u201c\u4eba\u6587\u9818\u57df\u201d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u53c8\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u6703\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u65b0\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u904e\u5f80\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u300d\u2014\u2014 \u602a\u80ce\u3001\u6975\u5ba2\u3001\u602a\u4eba\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u72c2\u548c\u7db2\u8def\u6210\u766e\u8005 \u2014\u2014 \u5c31\u50cf\u65e9\u671f\u6b96\u6c11\u79e9\u5e8f\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u7d0d\u5165\u570b\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8207 Mek\u3001Caboclo<\/a> \u6216 Waiwai \u4e00\u8d77\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e9e\u65bc \u201cSecond Life<\/a>\u201d \u6216 \u201cMy(Death)Space<\/a>\u201d \u7684\u7dda\u4e0a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u616e\u96e2\u7dda\u548c\u7dda\u4e0a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u7121\u76e1\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e5f\u64f4\u5927\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heckenberger \u5f15\u7528 Judith Butler \u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u751f\u547d\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8a2d\u7f6e\u9650\u5236\uff1a \u201c\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u592a\u6d3b\u8457\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u9593\u61f8\u6d6e\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6703\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u75d5\u8de1\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\u3002\u201d \u9019\u4e9b\u662f Giorgio Agamben\uff08 Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (1995)<\/em><\/a>\uff09\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u7576\u4ee3\u6b0a\u529b\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u6642\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u300c\u53ef\u6bba\u622e\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u300d\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 Kent Wisniewski \u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u6642\u5019\u64f4\u5c55\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u6211\u5011\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6211\u5011\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u8655\u7406\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u6280\u8853\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u662f\u66f4\u5927\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u8207\u52d5\u7269\u3001\u6606\u87f2\u3001\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4eba\u3002 \u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u9023\u7d50\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u7dca\u5bc6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u9023\u7d50\u4e2d\u7522\u751f\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5f62\u614b\u76f4\u63a5\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u548c\u6a5f\u69cb\uff08\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u6216\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\uff09 \u3002 \u9019\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u67d0\u7a2e\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\uff0c\u4e5f\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u660e\u65b0\u76ee\u6a19\u548c\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cHuman No More: Digital Subjectivities, Unhuman Subjects, and the End of Anthropology\u201d \u5c07\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u8f49\u5411\u7db2\u8def\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u865b\u64ec\u793e\u7fa3\u4e2d\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u3001\u5730\u9ede\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002 \u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u5c0d\u57fa\u65bc\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\u3002 \u5b83\u5011\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u4e26\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003 \u201c\u4e3b\u9ad4 subject\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u201cHuman No More\u201d \u6263\u554f\u6578\u4f4d\u6587\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca \u201c\u975e\u4eba\u985e unhuman\u201d \u548c \u201c\u6578\u4f4d digital\u201d \u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4 \u201c\u4eba\u985e human \u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u3002 \u9019\u9805\u5177\u6709\u6311\u91c1\u6027\u548c\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8a2d\u3002 \u5099\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u5f97\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u7576\u4ee3\u4eba\u985e\u4e92\u52d5\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002 \u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8208\u8da3 \uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u50b3\u64ad\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8eab\u5206\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u548c\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx \u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5341\u591a\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u65b7\u7834\u58de\u4e26\u8cea\u7591\u57fa\u65bc\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8c\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 \u5728\u8de8\u570b\u6587\u5316\u6d41\u52d5\u53f8\u7a7a\u898b\u6163\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88cf\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7d93\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u70ba\u5730\u675f\u7e1b\u3001\u9650\u5236\u548c\u5177\u9ad4\u5316 \u201c\u6587\u5316 culture\u201d … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2ou","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9206"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9207,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9206\/revisions\/9207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}