{"id":9213,"date":"2024-04-15T13:55:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T13:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9213"},"modified":"2024-04-15T13:55:02","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T13:55:02","slug":"free-a-child-and-a-country-at-the-end-of-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/04\/15\/free-a-child-and-a-country-at-the-end-of-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Free: A Child and a Country at the End of History"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\u5c0d\u65bc\u65e9\u719f\u7684 11 \u6b72\u5973\u5b69 Lea Ypi \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cAlbania \u7684\u8607\u806f\u5f0f\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9810\u793a\u8457\u9810\u5b9a\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u662f\u71b1\u60c5\u540c\u5fd7\u5011\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5979\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u7dca\u7dca\u6293\u4f4f Joseph Stalin \u7684\u77f3\u50cf\uff0c\u525b\u88ab\u5b78\u751f\u6297\u8b70\u65ac\u9996\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Lea Ypi \u7684\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86 Albania \u5f9e\u6975\u6b0a\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u904e\u6e21\u671f\u9593\u7684\u6210\u9577\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7ae5\u5e74\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u524d\u5f8c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u5730\u5206\u88c2\u3002 1990 \u5e7412 \u6708\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u6578\u5929\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u7368\u88c1\u653f\u6b0a\u57ae\u53f0\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u8b8a\u5316\uff1a\u5979\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u544a\u8a34\u5979\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f9e\u672a\u652f\u6301\u904e\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\uff0c\u5979\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u8b0a\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7d42\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002 \u6b63\u5982\u5979\u4fcf\u76ae\u5730\u8aaa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff1a\u201c\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u53c8\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e86\u3002 \u6211\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u53c8\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u201d ( p 109 ) \u597d\u5427\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u7d93\u6b77\u6b77\u53f2\u65b7\u88c2\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5f9e\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c \u201cFree: A Child and a Country at the End of History<\/em>\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5178\u3001\u611f\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u9577\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u5973\u5b69\u8b8a\u6210\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u6b77\u7d93\u78e8\u96e3\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u89aa\u5bc6\u611f\u90e8\u5206\u4f86\u81ea Lea Ypi \u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u65e5\u8a18\uff0c\u5979\u7528\u65e5\u8a18\u4f86\u8b1b\u8ff0\u8ab2\u5802\u3001\u521d\u6200\u548c\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7126\u616e\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u3002 \u5979\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u64ab\u990a\u5979\u9577\u5927\u7684\u7956\u6bcd\u662f\u5979\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u63cf\u5beb\u5f97\u89aa\u5207\u800c\u751f\u52d5\u3002 \u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u662f\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u7684\uff1a\u7236\u89aa\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u7b11\u8a71\u6253\u65b7\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u904e\u591c\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6bcd\u89aa\u628a\u58d3\u529b\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u5bb6\u52d9\u4e0a\uff0c\u963f\u8adb\u5949\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5468\u570d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002 Albania \u662f\u6b50\u6d32\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u89d2\u843d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u8d70\u904e\u4e86\u4e00\u689d\u7368\u7279\u800c\u5947\u602a\u4e14\u5e38\u5e38\u8840\u8165\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002Enver Hoxha<\/a> \u5f9e 1940 \u5e74\u4ee3\u638c\u6b0a\u76f4\u81f3 1985 \u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u5728\u8607\u806f\u89e3\u9ad4\u5f88\u4e45\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9811\u56fa\u7684\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u2014\u2014 Ypi \u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u65af\u5927\u6797\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u611b\u5979\u548c\u6240\u6709\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u3002 Hoxha \u53bb\u4e16\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7e7c\u4efb\u8005\u6548\u6cd5\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002 \u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u93ae\u58d3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8207\u8607\u806f\u7368\u88c1\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\uff1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u54e1\u6d88\u5931\u5728\u6230\u4fd8\u71df\uff1b \u540c\u5b78\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u517c\u4efb\u7dda\u4eba\u3002 \u5b78\u751f\u5011\u64b0\u5beb\u4e86\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u96c6\u9ad4\u8fb2\u5834\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6700\u65b0\u4e94\u5e74\u8a08\u756b\u4e0b\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u751f\u7522\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u5c31\u662f Hoxha \u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7d66\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5821\u58d8\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002 \u4ed6\u5c07\u4e16\u754c\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u9663\u71df\uff1a\u8207\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u7d50\u76df\u7684\u300c\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u300d\u548c\u8207\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7d50\u76df\u7684\u300c\u4fee\u6b63\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u300d\u3002Albania \u5c31\u50cf\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5317\u97d3\u4e00\u6a23\u5c01\u9589\u3002 \u8a66\u5716\u96e2\u958b\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u8457\u88ab\u908a\u5883\u8b66\u885b\u958b\u69cd\u5c04\u64ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u5916\u754c\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5bf6\u85cf\u3002 Ypi \u7684\u540c\u5b78\u6703\u50b3\u905e\u904a\u5ba2\u4e1f\u68c4\u7684\u591a\u6c41\u6c34\u679c\u5305\u88dd\u7d19\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u4fdd\u6301\u65b0\u9bae\u5c31\u5438\u5165\u9059\u9060\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u751c\u5473\uff1b \u7a7a\u53ef\u53e3\u53ef\u6a02\u7f50\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u5c0f\u73a9\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc Ypi \u5728\u5b83\u5931\u8e2a\u5f8c\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u9130\u5c45\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u722d\u5435\u3002 \u5728\u6392\u968a\u8cfc\u8cb7\u9eb5\u5305\u3001\u8d77\u53f8\u548c\u7164\u6cb9\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9130\u5c45\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4f9d\u8cf4\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u9130\u5c45\u3002\u201d ( p 47 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u5f8c\u5c31\u662f\u7834\u88c2\u3002 \u67cf\u6797\u570d\u7246\u5012\u584c\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u5f8c\uff0cAlbania \u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u5012\u584c\u4e86\u3002 Ypi \u7576\u6642 11 \u6b72\uff0c\u5979\u6bcf\u5929\u53bb\u5b78\u6821\u6234\u7684\u7d05\u8272\u5148\u92d2\u570d\u5dfe \u201c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u584a\u62b9\u5e03\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7528\u5b83\u64e6\u53bb\u66f8\u67b6\u4e0a\u7684\u7070\u5875\u3002\u201d ( p 101 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Albania \u73fe\u5728\u5c07\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u958b\u653e\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u5176\u9078\u8209\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5176\u5e02\u5834\u3002 \u300c\u570b\u969b\u793e\u6703\u300d\uff08 \u4ee5\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u548c\u570b\u969b\u8ca8\u5e63\u57fa\u91d1\u7d44\u7e54\u9867\u554f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u964d\u81e8\u5230\u9019\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u6975\u5feb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u548c\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u6230\u7565\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u4f11\u514b\u7642\u6cd5 shock therapy\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u5f8c\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b50\u6d32\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u61c9\u7528\u3002 \u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u820a\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f88\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002 \u9019\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\uff0cAlbania \u53ea\u80fd\u8d70\u4e00\u689d\u8def\uff1a\u8d70\u5411\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ypi \u53d7\u904e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u7ba1\u7406\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u6709\u8072\u671b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u88ab\u8feb\u8ddf\u96a8\u4e16\u754c\u9280\u884c\u7684 \u201c\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u6539\u9769 structural reforms\u201d \u4e26\u89e3\u96c7\u4e86\u6578\u767e\u540d\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6bcf\u5929\u5f9e\u4ed6\u5011\u8eab\u908a\u8d70\u904e\u3002 \u5979\u7684\u6bcd\u89aa\u52aa\u529b\u6536\u56de\u88ab\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u570b\u6709\u5316\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6578\u5341\u842c\u500b\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u56e0\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5283\u7684\u50b3\u92b7\u8a08\u5283\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7a4d\u84c4\uff0c\u9019\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u53c8\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u5167\u6230\u3002Albania \u4eba\u5927\u6279\u9003\u96e2\u8a72\u570b\uff0c\u4f46\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6709\u6642\u6703\u88ab\u69cd\u6bba\u3002 \u9019\u6b21\u8b66\u885b\u5728\u908a\u754c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u908a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ypi \u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7d93\u6b77\u5728\u653e\u5b78\u6d3e\u5c0d\u4e0a\u7684\u60b2\u6158\u4e00\u5e55\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u9802\u5cf0\u3002 \u6703\u8b70\u5728\u6d77\u6ff1\u300c\u52a0\u5dde\u98ef\u5e97 Hotel California\u300d\u8209\u884c\uff0c\u8a72\u98ef\u5e97\u5c6c\u65bc\u7576\u5730\u9ed1\u5e6b ( p 224 )\u3002 Ypi \u56de\u9867\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u6c92\u80fd\u7562\u696d\u7684\u5152\u6642\u73a9\u4f34 \uff1a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4eba\u5728\u73a9\u69cd\u6642\u767c\u751f\u610f\u5916\u8eab\u4ea1\uff1b \u53e6\u4e00\u4eba\u88ab\u8ca9\u8ce3\u5230\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u8ce3\u6deb\u3002\u5bb5\u7981\u958b\u59cb\u524d\uff0cEagles\u6a02\u5718\u958b\u59cb\u64ad\u653e\u97f3\u97ff\uff0c\u6b79\u5f92\u5011\u7528\u69cd\u6307\u8457\u525b\u5f9e\u98ef\u5e97\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7562\u696d\u751f\u3002 \u9019\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\u55ce \uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u66f4\u7cdf \u2014\u2014 Ypi \u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u6de1\u5316 Hoxha \u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u5bb6\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6b98\u9177\u548c\u8352\u8b2c \u2014\u2014 \u53ea\u662f\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u58de\u8655\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u8afe\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\uff0cYpi \u50cf\u8a31\u591a Albania \u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u96e2\u958b\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u3002 \uff08Albania\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u79fb\u6c11\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5979\u6bd4\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u90fd\u5e78\u904b\uff1a\u5979\u53bb\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u5b78\u7fd2\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u662f\u502b\u6566\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u6559\u6388\u3002 \u96d6\u7136\u5979\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u50cf\u5b78\u8005\u90a3\u6a23\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e00\u9801\u90fd\u900f\u904e \u201cFree: A Child and a Country at the End of History<\/em>\u201d \u4f86\u7a7f\u63d2\u7406\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5473\u8457\u9078\u8209\u55ce\uff1f \u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\uff1f \u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u539f\u5247\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u80fd\u529b \u2014\u2014 \u5c31\u50cf\u5979\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u662f\u61a4\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u7528\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u8861\u91cf\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5145\u6eff\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u800c Ypi \u7684 \u201cFree: A Child and a Country at the End of History<\/em>\u201d \u65e8\u5728\u6fc0\u767c\u9748\u611f\u3002 \u201c\u7576\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u6539\u8b8a\u4e00\u6b21\u6642\uff0c\u201d\u5979\u5728\u7d50\u8a9e\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u6539\u8b8a\u4e26\u4e0d\u96e3\u201d ( p 233 ) \u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u667a\u4e0a\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u65b7\u88c2\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u9019\u90e8\u6232\u5287\u6027\u3001\u6587\u7b46\u512a\u7f8e\u7684\u56de\u61b6\u9304\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5df4\u723e\u5e79\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\uff0c\u5c0d\u300c\u81ea\u7531\u300d\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u65e9\u719f\u7684 11 \u6b72\u5973\u5b69 Lea Ypi \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cAlbania \u7684\u8607\u806f\u5f0f\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9810\u793a\u8457\u9810\u5b9a\u7684\u672a\u4f86\uff0c\u662f\u71b1\u60c5\u540c\u5fd7\u5011\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fdd\u8b49\u3002 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5979\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u7dca\u7dca\u6293\u4f4f Joseph Stalin \u7684\u77f3\u50cf\uff0c\u525b\u88ab\u5b78\u751f\u6297\u8b70\u65ac\u9996\u3002 \u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u672a\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe\u627f\u8afe\u7684\u70cf\u6258\u90a6\u3002 \u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u50b3\u8a18\u300d\u2014\u2014 \u968e\u7d1a\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u806f\u7e6b \u2014\u2014 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