{"id":9236,"date":"2024-05-18T16:24:34","date_gmt":"2024-05-18T16:24:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9236"},"modified":"2024-05-18T16:24:37","modified_gmt":"2024-05-18T16:24:37","slug":"hitlers-american-model-the-united-states-and-the-making-of-nazi-race-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/05\/18\/hitlers-american-model-the-united-states-and-the-making-of-nazi-race-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Hitler\u2019s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u662f\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8457\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7121\u53ef\u81f3\u7591\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u4ee5\u5df4\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u7f8e\u570b\u8207\u5fb7\u570b\u5c0d\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u904e\u65bc\u5bec\u5bb9\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0d\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7dda\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u6cd5\u7684\u9f0e\u76db\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u52dd\u5229\u3002 \u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u58d3\u8feb\u653f\u6b0a\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u6fc0\u52f5\u4e86\u7d0d\u7cb9\uff1f \u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002 \u5728 \u201cHitler\u2019s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\uff0cJames Q. Whitman \u8a73\u7d30\u8abf\u67e5\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0d\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u6cd5\u6848\u662f\u7d0d\u7cb9\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u53cd\u7336\u592a\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002 \u8207\u90a3\u4e9b\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u93ae\u58d3\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u4eba\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cJames Q. Whitman \u8b49\u660e\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u6709\u8457\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u3001\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u548c\u63ed\u9732\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u5982 James Q. Whitman \u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u5728\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8996\u7f8e\u570b\u7a2e\u65cf\u6cd5\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u5148\u4f8b\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u88fd\u5b9a\u7684\u3002 \u5fb7\u570b\u4eba\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u8b9a\u63da\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u300a\u6211\u7684\u596e\u9b25\u300b\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8b9a\u63da\u5728\u6574\u500b 20 \u4e16\u7d00 30 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7e8c\uff0c\u6700\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5f8b\u5e2b\u4e5f\u71b1\u5207\u4e3b\u5f35\u63a1\u7528\u7f8e\u570b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1 Jim Crow \u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u5438\u5f15\u7d0d\u7cb9\u6fc0\u9032\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u6cd5\u548c\u53cd\u901a\u5a5a\u6cd5\u90fd\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u8207\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u7684\u5169\u9805\u4e3b\u8981\u6cd5\u5f8b \u2014\u2014\u516c\u6c11\u6cd5\u548c\u8840\u7d71\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u95dc\u3002James Q. Whitman \u770b\u5230\u4e86\u7d42\u6975\u7684\u3001\u919c\u964b\u7684\u8af7\u523a\uff1a\u7576\u7d0d\u7cb9\u62d2\u7d55\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u505a\u6cd5\u592a\u958b\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u592a\u56b4\u53b2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u672c \u201cHitler\u2019s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law<\/em>\u201d \u7d55\u5c0d\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5967\u5730\u5229\u88d4\u5fb7\u570b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u7f8e\u570b\u6279\u5224\u7a2e\u65cf\u7406\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u6216\u4e0d\u5f9e\u7f8e\u570b\u50b3\u64ad\u5230\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u9678\u7684\u6c11\u6b0a\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002 \u767c\u73fe\u5927\u7d04 100 \u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u5df2\u7d93\u8de8\u8d8a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5230\u9054\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u9019\u5c24\u5176\u5177\u6709\u8af7\u523a\u610f\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u60e0\u7279\u66fc\u6559\u6388\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u7a2e\u65cf\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u70ba\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684 \u300a\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u6cd5 Nuremberg Laws (N\u00fcrnberger Gesetze)\u300b\u63d0\u4f9b\u9748\u611f\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u65bc 1935 \u5e74 9 \u6708 15 \u65e5\u7531\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u8b70\u6703\uff08\u5fb7\u570b\u570b\u6703\uff09\u4e00\u81f4\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u4e26\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u52a0\u5287\u5fb7\u570b\u5c0d\u5c11\u6578\u65cf\u88d4\u8feb\u5bb3\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7981\u6b62\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u548c\u9032\u5165\u67d0\u4e9b\u516c\u5171\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u5169\u9805\u4e3b\u8981\u7acb\u6cd5\u5747\u6b78\u5165\u6b64\u8868\u8ff0\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff1a \u300a\u5e1d\u570b\u516c\u6c11\u6cd5 Reich Citizenship Law (Reichsb\u00fcrgergesetz)\u300b( p 29 ) \u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u5fb7\u570b\u8840\u7d71\u8207\u69ae\u8b7d\u4fdd\u8b77\u6cd5\uff08Gesetz zum Schutze des deutschen Blutes und der deutschen Ehre\uff09\u300b( p 30 )\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c07\u5fb7\u570b\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u964d\u70ba\u4e8c\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u5c07\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u5b9a\u70ba\u72af\u7f6a\u3002\u9019\u5169\u9805\u6cd5\u898f\u5f8c\u4f86\u5141\u8a31\u9a45\u9010\u548c\u6ec5\u7d55\u6578\u767e\u842c\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u3002 \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u5e1d\u570b\u570b\u65d7\u6cd5 Reich Flag Law\uff08Reichflaggensetz\uff09\u300b( p 18 ) \u2014\u2014 \u5176\u4e2d\u5ba3\u5e03\u842c\u5b57\u7b26\u65d7\u70ba\u570b\u65d7 \u2014\u2014 \u5728\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8207\u5169\u9805\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5929\u901a\u904e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0cJames Q. Whitman \u4e5f\u51fa\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u6b78\u70ba\u4e00\u985e\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u9019\u4e09\u9805\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e2d\u90fd\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002 \u5728\u300a\u5e1d\u570b\u570b\u65d7\u6cd5\u300b\u4e00\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u7d10\u7d04\u7684\u7336\u592a\u6cd5\u5b98 Louis Brodsky \u91cb\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u7fa4\u793a\u5a01\u8005 ( p 18 )\u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u5011\u65e9\u4e9b\u6642\u5019\u5c07\u7d0d\u7cb9\u842c\u5b57\u7b26\u5f9e\u5fb7\u570b Bremen \u865f\u8239\u4e0a\u6254\u9032\u4e86 Hudson \u6cb3 \u2014\u2014 \u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u610f\u898b\u634d\u885b\u7f8e\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u50f9\u503c ( p 20 )\u3002 \u9019\u4e00\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fc3\u4f7f\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u63a1\u7528\u7d0d\u7cb9\u9ee8\u5fbd\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u5b98\u65b9\u65d7\u5e5f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81f3\u65bc\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u9805\u6cd5\u898f\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u70ba\u6df1\u9060\u3002 \u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u5357\u90e8\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u6cd5\u5c0d\u5fb7\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5373\u4f7f\u5c0d\u65bc\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5f8b\u5e2b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u904e\u65bc\u6975\u7aef\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5148\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76 \u201c\u770b\u932f\u4e86\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5de5\u5177\u201d( p 11 )\u3002 James Q. Whitman \u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u95dc\u6ce8\u7f8e\u570b\u53cd\u901a\u5a5a\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c0d\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u9019\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u985e\u5225\u7684\u3002 \u5728\u9019\u5169\u500b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u78ba\u5be6\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9748\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

James Q. Whitman \u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u64da\u662f 1934 \u5e74 6 \u6708 5 \u65e5\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u901f\u8a18\u8a18\u9304 ( p 93 )\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5f8b\u5e2b\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002 \u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u6b21\u6703\u8b70\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f8e\u570b\u7acb\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u50c5\u5f9e\u8a18\u9304\u4e2d\u63a8\u65b7\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u901a\u904e\u5206\u6790\u53c3\u52a0\u8a72\u6703\u8b70\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u50b3\u8a18\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u6703\u8b70\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u4f86\u63a8\u8ad6 \u2014\u2014 \u5c0d 20 \u4e16\u7d00 20 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u7a2e\u65cf\u6cd5\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u984c\u70ba \u201cAmerica through Nazi Eyes\u201d \u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0cJames Q. Whitman \u8ad6\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08i\uff09\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u300d( p 137 ) \u548c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08ii\uff09\u300c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u5316\u300d( p 146 )\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u90e8\u5206 (Making nazi Flags and nazi Citizens) \u4e2d\uff0cJames Q. Whitman \u7c21\u8981\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u82f1\u570b\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5728\u5408\u6cd5\u5efa\u69cb\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7a2e\u65cf\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u767c\u63ee\u7684\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u71c8\u5854\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u90e8\u5206 (Protecting nazi Blood and nazi Honor) \u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u900f\u904e\u65b0\u653f\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u6cd5\u7406\u5b78\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u958b\u653e\u5f0f\u975e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6587\u5316\u8207\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5b78\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

James Q. Whitman \u4e0d\u60f3\u5411\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u900f\u9732\u592a\u591a\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u7de8\u7e54\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u96e3\u4ee5\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5206\u6790\u59cb\u7d42\u4fdd\u6301\u7d30\u7dfb\u5165\u5fae\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u96d6\u7136 Louis Brodsky \u6cd5\u5b98 \u2014\u2014 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u90fd\u662f\u737b\u7d66\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u78ba\u5207\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u737b\u7d66\u4ed6\u7684\u9b3c\u9b42 \u2014\u2014 \u88ab\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u63cf\u7e6a\u6210\u67d0\u7a2e\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ff4\u907f\u63d0\u53ca\u4ed6\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u82f1\u96c4\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u8868\u9054\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5f9e\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u9748\u611f\u800c\u62cb\u68c4\u7f8e\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u5316\u548c\u88fd\u5ea6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u51fa\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9670\u5f71\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u9670\u5f71\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u6709\u591a\u9060\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\u9019\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u6210\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u6558\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002( p 161 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHitler\u2019s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law<\/em>\u201d \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u79fb\u690d\u548c\u6bd4\u8f03\u61b2\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u9077\u79fb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u806f\u7e6b\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u516c\u958b\u5730\u6d89\u53ca\u9019\u5169\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u6279\u5224\u6027\u548c\u985b\u8986\u6027\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f86\u95b1\u8b80\u3002 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5b83\u8207\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5ee3\u6cdb\u9818\u57df\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8faf\u8ad6\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u6216\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u79fb\u690d\u3001\u61b2\u6cd5\u501f\u7528\u6216\u61b2\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9077\u79fb\u65e9\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\u88ab\u5275\u9020\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u4e86(Alan Watson\uff0c\u201cLegal Transplants: An Approach to Comparative Law<\/a> (1993)<\/em>\u201d ) \u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u9019\u4e9b\u61b2\u6cd5\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5b78\u8853\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u3001\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u61b2\u653f\u548c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u624d\u80fd\u50b3\u64ad\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u61b2\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e2b\u5df2\u7d93\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u3001\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3001\u53cd\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9077\u79fb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65e9\u671f\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u201cHitler\u2019s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law<\/em>\u201d \u4e5f\u9593\u63a5\u6d89\u53ca\u6d89\u53ca\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7a2e\u65cf\u9023\u7d50\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6210\u679c\u3002 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u7e6b\u4e0d\u50c5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5974\u96b8\u8cbf\u6613\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e86\u7a2e\u65cf\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u3002Paul Gilroy \u7684\u540d\u8457 \u201cThe Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double-Consciousness\uff0c1993<\/em><\/a>\u201d \u7684\u6a19\u984c\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u597d\u5730\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6b64\u985e\u6587\u5b78\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u5f37\u8abf\u4e26\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6cbf\u5cb8\u9ed1\u4eba\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6839\u6e90\u3002 \u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u660e\u986f\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8de8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u3002\u7a2e\u65cf\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u5f35\u5f9e\u6b50\u6d32\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u55ae\u7a0b\u7968\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u5f35\u8fd4\u7a0b\u7968\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u95e1\u8ff0\u548c\u9069\u61c9\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u53c8\u8fd4\u56de \u2014\u2014 \u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u662f\u56de\u5230\u7d0d\u7cb9\u570b\u5bb6\u3002 \u900f\u904e\u9019\u672c\u53ca\u6642\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u4e0d\u518d\u662f \u201c\u9ed1\u8272\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u660e\u986f\u6210\u70ba \u201c\u767d\u8272\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u201d\uff0c\u7a2e\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u516c\u958b\u501f\u9452\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u653f\u6b0a\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a (David Theo Goldberg\uff0c\u201cThe Racial State<\/a> (2001)<\/em>\u201d)\u3002 \u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cJames Q. Whitman \u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e26\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u610f\u5916\u6216\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u66f4\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u767d\u4eba\u81f3\u4e0a\u6240\u6295\u5c04\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u9670\u5f71\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u95dc\u6ce8\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u5982\u4f55\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u908a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u65cf\u653f\u6b0a\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u3002Aim\u00e9 C\u00e9saire \u5728 \u201cDiscourse on Colonialism<\/a> (2001)<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e86\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u806f\u7e6b\u3001\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u8a73\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53c3\u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u554f\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u653f\u6b0a\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u501f\u9452\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u6cd5\u898f\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u5176\u9069\u61c9\u7576\u5730\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u5176\u6b21 \uff0c\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u65cf\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u6b64\u985e\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 1930-1961 \u5e74\u7279 Trujillo \u5c07\u8ecd\u9818\u5c0e\u4e0b\u7684\u591a\u660e\u5c3c\u52a0\u5171\u548c\u570b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d6e\u73fe\u5728\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u8166\u6d77\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a (David Howard, \u201cColoring the Nation: Race and Ethnicity in the Dominican Republic <\/a>(2001)<\/em> \u201d )\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00 30 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0cTrujillo \u9f13\u52f5\u7336\u592a\u96e3\u6c11\u79fb\u5c45\u8a72\u5cf6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u4eba\u53e3\u8b8a\u767d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u70ba\u62b5\u79a6\u4ee5\u9ed1\u4eba\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u6d77\u5730\u7684\u5821\u58d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHitler\u2019s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law<\/em>\u201d \u50c5\u542b\u84c4\u5730\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u89c0\u5ff5\u5f15\u5165\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u3002 \u8aa0\u7136\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5357\u90e8\u5974\u96b8\u5236\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u3001\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u53cd\u7336\u592a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u53cd\u5409\u666e\u8cfd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u73fe\u5be6\u548c\u80cc\u666f \u2014\u2014 \u50c5\u8209\u5e7e\u500b\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u9a5a\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014 \u4f3c\u4e4e\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8981\u904e\u5ea6\u5805\u6301\u9019\u4e9b\u7a2e\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5171\u901a\u6027\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u672c\u66f8\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u6700\u7d42\u6c92\u6709\u767c\u73fe\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c0d\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u51fa\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7570\u65cf\u901a\u5a5a\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c0d\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u6b50\u6d32\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\u95dc\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u548c\u7a2e\u65cf\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c0d\u8a71\u59cb\u7d42\u662f\u958b\u653e\u7684\u4e26\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002 \u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u904e\u5ea6\u5805\u6301\u5dee\u7570\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u5805\u6301\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4e00\u6a23\u6709\u5bb3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u6709\u5bb3\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e3b\u89c0\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u66f8\u8a55\u5141\u8a31\u4eba\u5011\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u671f\u671b\u7684\u3002 \u9451\u65bc\u9019\u672c\u6975\u5176\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u6750\u6599\u548c\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u8b80\u8005\u5728\u900f\u904e James Q. Whitman \u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u9ed1\u6697\u6642\u4ee3\u6642\u6703\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002 \u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u8207\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d0d\u7cb9\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u548c\u8c61\u5fb5\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7a2e\u65cf\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u95e1\u8ff0\u7684\u897f\u9032\u4e4b\u65c5\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u6975\u53f3\u7ffc\u7f8e\u570b\u516c\u5171\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u3002 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7f8e\u570b\u662f\u5e1d\u570b\uff0c\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8457\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7121\u53ef\u81f3\u7591\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u4ee5\u5df4\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u7f8e\u570b\u8207\u5fb7\u570b\u5c0d\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u904e\u65bc\u5bec\u5bb9\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0d\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7dda\u7d22\u3002 \u600e\u6a23\u8aaa\u5462\uff1f\u7f8e\u570b\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e5f\u5f97\u70ba\u7d0d\u7cb9\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u8ca0\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u7a2e\u65cf\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u70ba\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u63d0\u4f9b\u85cd\u5716\uff1f \u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7a2e\u65cf\u9694\u96e2\u6cd5\u7684\u9f0e\u76db\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u7d0d\u7cb9\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u52dd\u5229\u3002 \u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u58d3\u8feb\u653f\u6b0a\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u6fc0\u52f5\u4e86\u7d0d\u7cb9\uff1f \u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u3002 \u5728 \u201cHitler\u2019s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law\u201d \u4e2d\uff0cJames Q. Whitman \u8a73\u7d30\u8abf\u67e5\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u5c0d\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u6cd5\u6848\u662f\u7d0d\u7cb9\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u53cd\u7336\u592a\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002 \u8207\u90a3\u4e9b\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u548c\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u93ae\u58d3\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u4eba\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cJames Q. Whitman \u8b49\u660e\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7a2e\u65cf\u653f\u7b56\u6709\u8457\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u3001\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u3001\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u548c\u63ed\u9732\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002 \u6b63\u5982 James Q. Whitman \u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u5728\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8996\u7f8e\u570b\u7a2e\u65cf\u6cd5\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u5148\u4f8b\u7684\u6c1b\u570d\u4e2d\u88fd\u5b9a\u7684\u3002 \u5fb7\u570b\u4eba\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u8b9a\u63da\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u300a\u6211\u7684\u596e\u9b25\u300b\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8b9a\u63da\u5728\u6574\u500b 20 \u4e16\u7d00 30 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7e8c\uff0c\u6700\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5f8b\u5e2b\u4e5f\u71b1\u5207\u4e3b\u5f35\u63a1\u7528\u7f8e\u570b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 \u5118\u7ba1 Jim Crow … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2oY","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9236"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9236\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9237,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9236\/revisions\/9237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}