{"id":9254,"date":"2024-06-13T06:37:05","date_gmt":"2024-06-13T06:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9254"},"modified":"2024-06-13T06:37:08","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T06:37:08","slug":"beauty-restored-an-essay-in-aesthetic-theory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/06\/13\/beauty-restored-an-essay-in-aesthetic-theory\/","title":{"rendered":"Beauty Restored: An Essay in Aesthetic Theory"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8a55\u4f30\u4e86\u5be9\u7f8e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u5f35\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\uff08\u5373\u771f\u5be6\u4e14\u53ef\u8b49\u660e\u7684\uff09\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u539f\u5247\u6216\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u5728\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u4e2d\uff0cMary Mothersill \u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u5be9\u7f8e\u8207\u502b\u7406\u63a8\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u8207\u5d07\u9ad8\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mary Mothersill \u5e0c\u671b\u6062\u5fa9\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u200b\u200b\u7f8e\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5fa9\u8208\u7f8e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5e36\u56de\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u88ab\u666e\u901a\u8a9e\u8a00\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u865b\u5047\u8b19\u865b\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u7f8e\u8207\u7f8e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6839\u672c\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u6a02\u8da3\u9019\u4e00\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u6700\u7d42\u6210\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u7f8e\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u7f8e\u7684\u4f9d\u6200\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u7406\u7531\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u6642 \uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6b61\u8fce Mary Mothersill \u7684 \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Beauty-Restored-Essay-Aesthetic-Theory\/dp\/0198249608\">Beauty Restored: An Essay in Aesthetic Theory<\/a><\/em>\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6839\u64da Mary Mothersill \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5be9\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u5fc5\u9808\u9762\u5c0d Kant \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u5c55\u793a\u5979\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba \u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u547d\u984c First Thesis\u201d \u548c \u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u547d\u984c Second Thesis\u201d \u7684\u5169\u500b\u771f\u7406\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5920\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff08pp 86-87 \uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 \u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u5c6c\u6027 \u03a6 \u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u201d \u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7121\u5bb3\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8b02\u8a5e \u03a6 \u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u7f8e\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u7a31\u6216\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u50f9\u503c\uff08 p 164 \uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u662f \u201c\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u201d \uff08 pp 135-44 \uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5167\u5728\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0d\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u500b\u9ad4\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002&nbsp;\u6062\u5fa9 \u201c\u7f8e\u201d \u7684\u8a08\u5283\u662f\u900f\u904e\u63d0\u4f9b\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4f86\u6d88\u9664\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u7684\u660e\u986f\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u7121\u5bb3\u7684\u6982\u62ec\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mary Mothersill \u62d2\u7d55\u4e86 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u548c 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u8a31\u591a\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5be9\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u70ba\u5979\u7684\u63d0\u8b70\u6383\u6e05\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u653b\u64ca\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5c0d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\uff1a \u201c\u53cd\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6 anti-theorists\u201d \u53cd\u5c0d\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4e0d\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u7f8e\u9e97\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u5275\u9020\u6216\u5224\u65b7\u6c92\u6709\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4e26\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff1b\u4f46\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u7f8e\u7684\u539f\u5247\u548c\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u66f4\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5f9e\u672a\u5805\u6301\u904e\u7684\u6771\u897f\u2014\u2014 \u540c\u6642\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5e6b\u52a9\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u51fa\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b \u201c\u5584\u884c\u7279\u5fb5 good-making characteristics\u201d \u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002  \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5982 Benedetto&nbsp;Croce \u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u7dad\u8b77\u7f8e\u9e97\u7269\u9ad4\u6216\u771f\u6b63\u85dd\u8853\u8868\u9054\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5960\u5b9a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5426\u8a8d\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u81ea\u5f9e Kant \u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u662f\u66f4\u65e9\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u50b3\u7d71\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e00\u7a2e\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf Aristotle \u5c0d\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6 \u201c\u65e2\u5177\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u53c8\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f&#8230;. ..\u4e0d\u898f\u5b9a\u4efb\u4f55\u8207\u77f3\u854a\u8a66\u7d19\u6e2c\u8a66\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e\u7684\u6771\u897f\u201d \u78ba\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\uff08 pp 135-44 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u7136\uff0c \u201c\u53cd\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u201d \u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u539f\u7406\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u66f4\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u8cea\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\u5462\uff1fMary Mothersill \u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7a81\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u662f\uff0c \u201c\u53cd\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u201d \u88ab\u5be9\u7f8e\u8207\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u4e26\u884c\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u89c0\u5ff5\u6240\u611f\u52d5\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5c07\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u8996\u70ba\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ea\u6709\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u5224\u65b7\u529b\u7684\u6210\u719f\u500b\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u78ba\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u6216\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u7406\u60f3 \uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7cbe\u78ba\u5730\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u5c0d\u5584\u6216\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5b83\u70ba\u884c\u70ba\u6216\u53cd\u61c9\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u502b\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u5be9\u7f8e\u7121\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u4e00\u822c\u50f9\u503c\u7406\u8ad6\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u7a2e\u502b\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u6bd4 Aristotle \u66f4 Kant\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u529f\u5229\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u76f4\u89ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u5728\u5c0d\u5be9\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u9019\u6642\u671f\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u7a2e\u504f\u898b\u4e5f\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u53cd\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u9a57\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u7d93\u9a57\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u7f8e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6982\u5ff5\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u61f7\u7591\uff1b\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u70ba\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7522\u751f\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u958b\u59cb\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5be9\u7f8e\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5be9\u7f8e\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7cbe\u7dfb\u548c\u77ee\u80d6\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u9a57\u8b49\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u66f4\u7cdf\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u61f7\u7591\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u7f8e\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff1b\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u6b23\u8cde\u7684\u64ec\u8b70\u89e3\u91cb\u8db3\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u504f\u597d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u9810\u6e2c\u3002\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5168\u76db\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u9084\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7684\u3001\u660e\u793a\u7684\u9084\u662f\u9ed8\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u7f8e\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u547d\u984c\u3001\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u9a57\u8b49\u898f\u5247\u7684\u7b49\u5f0f\u3001\u89e3\u91cb\u8207\u898f\u5247\u7684\u7b49\u5f0f\uff0c\u90fd\u7d55\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6559\u689d\u958b\u59cb\u653e\u9b06\u6642\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u986f\u5f97\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u656c\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mary Mothersill \u662f\u5426\u6703\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u5979\u5c0d\u53cd\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u7684\u5982\u6b64\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u4f46\u6d88\u9664\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u70ba\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u7559\u4e0b\u6bd4 Mary Mothersill \u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5206\u6790\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u5979\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u7684\u7c21\u8981\u6982\u8ff0\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u54ea\u88cf\u9700\u8981\u653e\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5fc5\u9808\u5728 \u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u547d\u984c\u201d \u6240\u5f37\u52a0\u7684\u908a\u754c\u5167\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff08 p 170 \uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 \u201c\u4efb\u4f55 \u03a6 \u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u7684\u201d \u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u547d\u984c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u9019\u500b x \u662f\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u201d \u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u5224\u65b7 \u2014\u2014 \u7121\u8ad6\u4f7f\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e00\u822c\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u6311\u9078 x\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u6697\u793a\u9700\u8981\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u9810\u6e2c\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u539f\u5247 \u2014\u2014 \u662f\u5c0d\u5ba2\u89c0\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u547d\u984c\u201d \u7684\u6db5\u7fa9\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u592a\u591a\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u547d\u984c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u751a\u9ebc\u8ad6\u8b49\uff1a\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u4f86\u53cd\u5c0d\u5b83\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u5617\u8a66\u904e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 \u201c\u53cd\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u201d \u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u6697\u793a\u6b64\u985e\u898f\u5247\u7684\u300c\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u547d\u984c\u201d \u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002Mary Mothersill \u5728 \u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u547d\u984c\u201d \u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7bc7\u5e45\u8a0e\u8ad6\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u65b9\u9762\u2014\u2014 \u50c5\u50c5\u627f\u8a8d\u500b\u4eba\u6109\u60a6\u8207\u5c0d\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u53d7\u773e\u5177\u6709\u7d04\u675f\u529b\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff1b\u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u5979\u5728 George\u00a0Santayana \u7684\u539f\u60c5\u611f\u4e3b\u7fa9 proto-emotivism\u00a0\u548c Kant \u7684\u904e\u5ea6\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e4b\u9593\u5c0b\u6c42\u4e2d\u9593\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u6839\u64da George\u00a0Santayana \u7684\u539f\u60c5\u611f\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u5118\u7ba1\u5177\u6709\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aa4\u5c0e\u6027\u8868\u9054 (\u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Sense-Beauty-Outline-Aesthetic-Theory\/dp\/0486202380\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1ZTOXT1LYDZ3D&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.yN6jWaPcAdniki_VomzVz4QhdrJCTW5JvPrQ1lH4yu6V5LbJony2o7dcHTOwwmPwjdE0WPY-VMguDTEwiGVlP0nCrKQBJyO5JUOI-4aSYjQTAVF3stOLU4XEvxI3s5k7eTOg4Hfgq1TboPr23l3VvoahvIxKCURGN-QFWzLAMnN1jJol0SOua3paz5hefzPYNld4RxhoXTgBtddepLlbNP1N5AOwL5Phg7QWRFIpyCw.Te2GfTRrzUCRoBL84gzUYethQG5QNEyVweXIcMc6geY&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=The+Sense+of+Beauty&amp;qid=1718260056&amp;s=books&amp;sprefix=the+sense+of+beauty%2Cstripbooks-intl-ship%2C479&amp;sr=1-1\">The Sense of Beauty<\/a><\/em>\u201d)\u3002Mary Mothersill \u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u5206\u6790\u662f\uff0c\u5c0d\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u65b7\u8a00\u67d0\u500b\u55ae\u7368\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u5df2\u7d93\u4ee4\u6211\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u4e26\u627f\u8afe\u5728\u6eff\u8db3\u56db\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u518d\u6b21\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) \u6b64\u4e3b\u5f35\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d93\u53d7\u4f4f\u5c0d\u6211\u6b23\u8cde\u8a72\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u8cc7\u683c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u6b23\u8cde\u5b83\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u6aa2\u9a57\u6211\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9023\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) \u9019\u500b\u65b7\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u6211\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7522\u751f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ea\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u7a2e\u9644\u5e36\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u3001\u4f46\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u985e\u578b\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3\uff09\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8868\u9054\u5076\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u5373\u4ee4\u6211\u9ad8\u8208\u7684\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u6211\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e8\u5728\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7522\u751f\u67d0\u7a2e\u898f\u7bc4\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u559c\u6b61\u8a72\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u660e\u986f\u5206\u6b67\u800c\u99c1\u56de\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76e1\u7ba1 Mary Mothersill \u5c0d\u9019\u7279\u8cea\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u6709\u4e9b\u6666\u6f80\u96e3\u61c2\u3002\u5979\u78ba\u5be6\u627f\u8a8d \u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u547d\u984c\u201d \u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u5982 \u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u547d\u984c\u201d \u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4f46\u5c07\u5176\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u4e3b\u8981\u8207\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u4e0d\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u610f\u7fa9\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5979\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6eff\u8db3\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u547d\u984c\uff0c\u5373\u9019\u500b\u547d\u984c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u984c\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u8a71\u53c8\u8aaa\u56de\u4f86\uff0c\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u7406 \uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u860a\u542b\u7684\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u7406\u3002\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u63a8\u7ffb \u2014\u2014 \u4f46\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff08 p168 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mary Mothersill \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u78ba\u5b9a\u7f8e\u7684 \u201c\u5e38\u8a2d\u6982\u5ff5 standing concept\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\u5728 \u201c\u85dd\u8853\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8a0e\u8ad6\u201d \u4e2d\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136 ( p 247 )\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7f8e\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u7f8e\u611f\u5224\u65b7\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u524d\u7406\u8ad6\u8b58\u5225\uff0c\u88dc\u5145\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u547d\u984c\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u5c0d\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u69cb\u6210\u7f8e\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e09\u500b \u201c\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u771f\u7406\u201d\uff08 p 275 \uff09\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff081\uff09\u201c\u7f8e\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5584\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u548c\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7b97\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u512a\u9ede\u201d\uff08 p 262 \uff09\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u53ef\u6bd4\u64ec\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff082\uff09\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u201d\uff08 p 265 \uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u8996\u70ba\u7f8e\u9e97\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u7684\u7a2e\u985e \u2014\u2014 \u4f8b\u5982 \u201c\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u9670\u5f71\u3001\u53cd\u601d\u3001\u5922[\u548c]\u865b\u69cb\u201d\uff08 p 265 \uff09\u2014\u2014 \u4f46\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7a2e\u985e \u2014\u2014 \u6bd4\u5982\u9152\u3001\u5973\u4eba\u548c\u6b4c\u66f2 \u2014\u2014 \u5176\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff1b\u6700\u5f8c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff083\uff09\u201c\u7f8e\u8207\u6109\u60a6\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e26\u6fc0\u767c\u611b\u201d\uff08 p 271 \uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u751f\u7522\u90fd\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u7522\u8005\u548c\u89c0\u773e\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u6109\u60a6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u547d\u984c\u7684\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u8a8d\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u7121\u5bb3\u7684\u5206\u985e\u662f\u7f8e\u7684\u5145\u5206\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u985e\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7f8e\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5c11\u5973\u3001\u7f50\u5b50\u548c\u5716\u756b\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5047\u88dd\u5148\u9a57\u5730\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u8173\u7684\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7f8e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u7f8e\u662f\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u5b83\u7684\u986f\u8457\u6109\u6085\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u9019\u9700\u8981 Mary Mothersill \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u70ba\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mary Mothersill \u99c1\u65a5\u4e86\u4e09\u500b\u54f2\u5b78\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u5373\u5c0d\u7f8e\u662f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u6109\u6085\u611f\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u8a72\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5f9e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u614b\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7f8e\u9e97\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u6109\u6085\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1b\u6109\u60a6\u4e0d\u50cf\u75db\u82e6\u90a3\u6a23\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5167\u5728\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9032\u884c\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u5169\u500b\u96e2\u6563\u7684\u4e8b\u614b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5076\u7136\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u6c42\u5c0d\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9069\u7576\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53cd\u6620\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u7368\u7acb\u6027\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7f8e\u548c\u6109\u60a6\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u6bd4\u6109\u60a6\u548c\u617e\u671b\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u66f4\u7368\u7acb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u617e\u671b\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u5fc5\u7136\u5e36\u4f86\u6109\u60a6\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5f15\u8d77\u6109\u60a6\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u7f8e\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u8207\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u592a\u7dca\u5bc6\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5f15\u8d77\u6109\u60a6\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u72c0\u614b\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u985e\u4f3c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u898f\u5f8b\u6027\uff1b\u4f46\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u4f86\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\u8207\u5176\u7368\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u90fd\u5c07\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u50cf Kant \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u7684\u529b\u91cf (\u00a0Immanuel Kant, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Critique-Judgment-Hackett-Classics-Immanuel\/dp\/0872200256\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1IZAJHKOTJELV&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.Cgk-alWTT4BGS20abyudhZ1WPZmZahYLS9sbaL8D6TwPNyd0RqpYr6JMc_L39jHOHiPJtSA72SQMhpzyz4dDTyTZ-e_zrXaFzZwRS1uIBc7FPP2zpcF63T4REOCRASkLBH4Vvr1ybSnNqQIfWbg0PwSZm8DQoYHR7wWY4izMibbrAuRUyVGGRq_Sipm1NZFHIk8j8Ua7P8A1rWej0ShuRUFRCBCZwFX2dD4k_5dAR94.ccDdtYv6U0rEVUL07g15TY0dNE_7NK0y9xGpNtlnReU&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=The+Critique+of+Judgment&amp;qid=1718260100&amp;s=books&amp;sprefix=the+critique+of+judgment%2Cstripbooks-intl-ship%2C314&amp;sr=1-1\">The Critique of Judgment<\/a>\u201d\uff0c\u00a72 )\uff0cMary Mothersill \u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u7684\u53cd\u99c1\u975e\u5e38\u5de7\u5999\u3002\u5979\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f Gilbert Ryle \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d\u6109\u60a6\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7a2e\u5167\u5728\u60c5\u7bc0\u7684\u5047\u8a2d \uff0c\u7406\u7531\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u6109\u60a6\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u8207\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7d93\u9a57\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u62bd\u50cf\u51fa\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u5e72\u64fe\u5b83\uff1b\u6109\u60a6\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8207\u7522\u751f\u5b83\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u540c\u6b65 \u2014\u2014 \u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8207\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u76f4\u5230\u90a3\u6642\u624d\u5438\u5f15\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5e7e\u7a2e\u6a02\u8da3\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u8aaa\u8a71\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u70ba\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u96b1\u85cf\u4e26\u5fc5\u9808\u63a8\u65b7\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u72c0\u614b\uff08 pp 282-83 \uff09\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u96d6\u7136 \u201c\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u2018\u4f60\u76ee\u524d\u5feb\u6a02\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u2019 \u901a\u5e38\u662f\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u4e14\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u8aa4\u89e3\u7684\u201d \uff08 p 301 \uff09\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\uff1b\u4e00\u500b\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u7e3d\u662f\u660e\u986f\u5730\u53d6\u6085\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u617e\u671b\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u7f8e\u548c\u617e\u671b\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u6085\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u7522\u751f\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f9e\u539f\u56e0\u5230\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u4f8b\u884c\u516c\u4e8b\u3002\u4f46\u4f8b\u5916\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u7f8e\u8207\u6109\u60a6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u617e\u671b\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u8207\u6109\u60a6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5076\u7136\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5f9e\u4e0d\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u660e\u986f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u5373\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u592a\u7368\u7279\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u56e0\u679c\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u9069\u7576\u4e3b\u984c\u3002Mary Mothersill \u5c0d\u6b64\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u7368\u7279\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u6085\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u7368\u7279\uff1b\u5f9e\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u5176\u67d0\u7a2e\u5c6c\u6027\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u8207\u5176\u81ea\u7136\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u751a\u81f3\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u54e1\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207 \u201c\u5728\u6a19\u6e96\u89c0\u5bdf\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u201d \u8207\u5b83 \u201c\u7121\u6cd5\u5340\u5206\u201d \u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u5171\u4eab\uff08 pp 343-45 \uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u5be9\u7f8e\u4e0a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u54c1\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u7570\u5f62\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u50c5\u4ee5\u53ef\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u9ad8\u8208\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u51fa\u73fe\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002Rembrandt \u7684\u7248\u756b \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/collections.artsmia.org\/art\/42257\/view-of-amsterdam-rembrandt-van-rijn\">View of Amsterdam<\/a>\u201d \u80af\u5b9a\u8207  \u201c<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/354633\" target=\"_blank\">The Three Trees<\/a> \u201d \u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u5e45\u4f5c\u54c1\u90fd\u56e0\u5176\u7368\u7279\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u6085 \u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u201cThe Three Trees\u201d \u7684\u4e00\u5f35\u7248\u756b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u6085\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4f7f\u53e6\u4e00\u5f35\u8755\u523b\u7248\u756b\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u7279\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u6085\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5be9\u7f8e\u4e0a\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6eff\u8db3\u4e86\u6e90\u81ea Hume \u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u8907\u6027\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u5c31\u662f Mary Mothersill \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027 aesthetic property\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5979\u5c0d\u7f8e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5979\u900f\u904e Aquinas \u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f86\u63a5\u8fd1\u5979\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5373 \u201ccujus appregnio ipsa placet (\u201cSumma Theologica, la, Ilae, 27.1, Reply to Objection 3\u201d)\u201d ( p 323 ) \u3002\u5f9e\u7f8e\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u7406\u89e3\u4f86\u53d6\u6085\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u5c0d\u7f8e\u9e97\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u6109\u6085\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u7269\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u751a\u81f3\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4f86\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u8a72\u7269\u9ad4\u53ef\u80fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684 \u201c\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u80cc\u666f context of pleasure\u201d ( p 324 )\uff0c\u5373\u7e3d\u9ad4\u60c5\u6cc1\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u500b\u4eba \u2014\u2014 \u5728\u6b4c\u5287\u9662\u5ea6\u904e\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u665a\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b4c\u5287\u9662\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f9e\u526f\u8a5e ipsa \u4e2d\uff0cMary Mothersill \u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u5c0e\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u5c0e\u7dfb\u7f8e\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6109\u6085\u7684\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u55ae\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4e7e\u64fe\u56e0\u7d20\u4e2d\u7684\u6b4c\u5287\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6771\u897f\u5c31\u7269\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027 aesthetic property\u201d\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u66f4\u666e\u901a\u5c6c\u6027\uff08\u984f\u8272\u548c\u5f62\u72c0\u6216\u55ae\u5b57\u548c\u548c\u5f26\uff09\u7684\u7368\u7279\u661f\u5ea7\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u666e\u901a\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u50c5\u8207\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6216\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u985e\u5225\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u4ef6\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u4e0a\u8207\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u7269\u4ef6\u7121\u6cd5\u5340\u5206\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cEl Greco \u7684 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/video\/248785\/The-Burial-of-the-Count-of-Orgaz-El-Greco\">The Burial of Count Orgaz<\/a>\u201d \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u524d\u666f\u4e2d\u4eba\u7269\u8f2a\u5ed3\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684 \u201c\u6025\u5287\u4e0a\u5347\u548c\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u66f2\u7dda\u201d \u800c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u6085\uff08 pp 336-38 \uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5e7e\u4f55\u4e0a\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u8a72\u66f2\u7dda\u5728\u9ed1\u677f\u6216 William\u00a0Hogarth \u7684\u4e00\u9801\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 El Greco \u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u540c\u6a23\u6216\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u6085\u2014\u2014 \u800c\u662f\u7528\u90a3\u4e9b\u984f\u8272\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u7dda\u689d\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u6085\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0cMary Mothersill \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u91cd\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u70ba\u50c5\u50c5\u8a8d\u70ba\u67d0\u7269\u662f\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u3001\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u7f8e\u9e97\u548c\u8a72\u7269\u9ad4\u78ba\u5be6\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5728\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\u90a3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u500b\u9ad4\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\uff0c\u7576\u4e14\u50c5\u7576\u5b83\u56e0\u5176\u5be9\u7f8e\u7279\u6027\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6642\u201d \uff08 p 347 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u5be9\u7f8e aesthetic\u201d \u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u5f15\u8d77 \u201c\u53cd\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u201d \u7684\u61a4\u6012\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u56de\u60f3\u8d77\u7f8e\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a66\u91d1\u77f3\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u555f\u767c\u4eba\u5011\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7576\u7262\u8a18\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\u8faf\u8b77\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027 aesthetic properties\u201d \u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u662f\u53ef\u898b\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u7684\u555f\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u7f8e\u8207\u6109\u60a6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u8b49\u660e\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u9762\u5411\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mary Mothersill \u634d\u885b\u4e86\u7f8e\u5f15\u8d77\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u61c9\u8a72\u5f15\u8d77\u6109\u60a6\u3002\u5979\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u660e\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u5979\u4e0d\u5192\u96aa\u505a\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0cKant \u8a66\u5716\u5c0d\u5be9\u7f8e\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u539f\u5247\u9032\u884c\u5148\u9a57\u6f14\u7e79\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u547d\u984c\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u7136\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff08 p 116 \uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u537b\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5979\u5c0d\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u6cae\u55aa\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u5617\u8a66\u8d85\u8d8a\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5931\u6557\u3002Kant \u9060\u9060\u6c92\u6709\u9054\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5373\u6109\u60a6\u8207\u56e0\u679c\u5224\u65b7\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u6a23\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u8a8d\u77e5\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u53ef\u50b3\u64ad\u6027\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u89aa\u548c\u529b\u7684\u5047\u8a2d \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cMary Mothersill \u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002 \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u6109\u60a6\uff1b\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u919c\u964b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u53ea\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5c6c\u6027\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u4e0a\u8207\u5b83\u7121\u6cd5\u5340\u5206\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u5be9\u7f8e\u7279\u6027\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u6109\u6085\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5462\uff1f\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u90a3\u4e9b\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\u5f15\u8d77\u4e0d\u6085\u3001\u53ad\u60e1\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u53ea\u662f\u51b7\u6f20\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u57f7\u8457\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff1f\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u6a19\u6e96\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u5462\uff1f\u7576\u7136\uff0cMary Mothersill \u5426\u8a8d\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u9032\u884c\u77f3\u854a\u8a66\u7d19\u6e2c\u8a66\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u5c0d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u547d\u984c\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u7121\u7591\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u662f\u5426\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u9019\u500b\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u8a72\u7269\u9ad4\u4e0d\u50c5\u73fe\u5728\u6070\u597d\u8b93\u6211\u9ad8\u8208\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u627f\u8afe\u518d\u6b21\u8b93\u6211\u9ad8\u8208\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5408\u9069\u7684\u5834\u5408\u81f3\u5c11\u8b93\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u9ad8\u8208\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u53cd\u601d\u63a1\u53d6\u751a\u9ebc\u5f62\u5f0f \uff1f\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u770b\uff0cMary Mothersill \u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u78ba\u4fe1\u6211\u53ea\u611f\u5230\u6109\u60a6\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u662f\u7531 \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u600e\u9ebc\u53ef\u80fd\u8db3\u5920\uff1f\u6211\u6191\u751a\u9ebc\u5224\u65b7\u4eca\u5929\u4ee4\u6211\u6eff\u610f\u7684 \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u660e\u5929\u4e0d\u6703\u986f\u5f97\u919c\u964b\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u7a2e\u8b93\u6211\u9ad8\u8208\u4e26\u627f\u8afe\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u7279\u6027\u4e5f\u6703\u8b93\u4f60\u9ad8\u8208\uff1f\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u67d0\u4e9b\u5be9\u7f8e\u7279\u6027\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u6109\u6085\u611f\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u9805\u627f\u8afe\u4f55\u6642\u5be6\u73fe\uff1f&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u64fa\u812b\u4e86\u70ba\u5148\u9a57\u539f\u5247\u63d0\u4f9b\u5148\u9a57\u6f14\u7e79\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f37\u52a0\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\uff0c\u4e5f\u64fa\u812b\u4e86\u5f8c\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u6109\u6085\u7684\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u65bc\u9810\u6e2c\u5be9\u7f8e\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f Kant \u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7f8e\u9e97\u548c\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u6a02\u8da3\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u6bd4 Mary Mothersill \u6240\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u662f Kant \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u76f4\u89ba\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u5831\u544a\u500b\u4eba\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8868\u9054\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u9084\u662f\u6e96\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u610f \u2014\u2014 Mary Mothersill \u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u547d\u984c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6109\u60a6\u8207\u5be6\u73fe\u67d0\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u76ee\u6a19\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u986f\u4e8b\u5be6 \u2014\u2014 \u5118\u7ba1\u4e0d\u50cf Mary Mothersill \u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0d\u6109\u60a6\u8207\u67d0\u4e9b\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u5354\u8abf\u9019\u4e9b\u76f4\u89ba\u4e26\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u7406\u8ad6\uff1f\u6487\u958b\u7d30\u7bc0\u3001\u932f\u8aa4\u548c\u6642\u4ee3\u932f\u8aa4\u4e0d\u8ac7\uff0cKant \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u5728\u8003\u616e\u6240\u6709\u56e0\u7d20\u6642\u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u62cb\u958b\u6216\u8d85\u8d8a\u4efb\u4f55\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5f37\u52a0\u7d66\u5b83\u7684\u5206\u985e \u2014\u2014 \u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6eff\u8db3\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u6703\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7559\u4e0b\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u8207\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u540c\u6a23\u57fa\u672c\u76ee\u6a19\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7559\u4e0b\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u60f3\u50cf\u8207\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b \uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u9700\u8981\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u8a72\u76ee\u6a19\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6191\u85c9\u5176\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u985e\u800c\u81ea\u52d5\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5c0d\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u6216\u5206\u985e\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u4f7f\u6f5b\u5728\u8a8d\u77e5\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u8b8a\u5f97\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u9019\u7a2e\u6eff\u8db3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e26\u4e0d\u5e38\u898b\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Kant\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6109\u60a6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96e3\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u3002\u548c\u8ae7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u671f\u671b\u5b83\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u5c0d\u8c61\u548c\u6a5f\u5236\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u904e\u5f15\u5165 Mary Mothersill \u7684 \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u6771\u897f\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5176\u7b26\u5408 Hume \u7684\u898f\u5f8b\u6027\u7bc4\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u660e\u986f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f \u2014\u2014 \u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5176\u5f62\u72c0\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u984f\u8272\u548c\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u6709\u9650\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u3001\u901a\u904e\u624b\u6bb5\u800c\u8207\u5b83\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u3002\u5c0d\u5b83\u7684\u8868\u5fb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8a2d\u5b9a\u548c\u6392\u5e8f ( \u201c<em>The Critique of Pure Reason<\/em>\u201d : A 20\/B 35)\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u9019\u500b\u79e9\u5e8f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u89ba\u5f97\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684 ( \u201cThe Critique of Judgment\u201d : \u00a722 ) \u2014\u2014 \u5b83\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u8ae7\u4e26\u5e36\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u6109\u60a6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728 \u201c\u7f8e\u9e97\u201d \u548c \u201c\u5d07\u9ad8\u201d \u7684\u61c9\u7528\u6709\u78ba\u5b9a\u548c\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u4fdd\u8b49\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u7f8e\u9e97\u548c\u5d07\u9ad8\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u624d\u6709\u771f\u5be6\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u50cf\u662f\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u5805\u6301\u9810\u6e2c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u653e\u5bec\u9019\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc Kant \u7684\u54c1\u5473\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba Mary Mothersill \u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u88dc\u5145\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9664\u975e\u5c07\u54c1\u5473\u7406\u8ad6\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u7121\u6cd5\u8abf\u548c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u81ea\u7531\u8207 \u201c<em>The Critique of Pure Reason<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u5148\u9a57\u7d71\u89ba\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u898f\u5247\u63a7\u5236\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u7d71\u89ba\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u5176\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5f8c\u8005\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\u548c\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7cbe\u795e\u72c0\u614b\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u5730\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u9707\u9a5a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6eff\u8db3\u4e86\u8a8d\u77e5\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u9ad8\u8208\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u4e8b\u5be6\u800c\u975e\u5148\u9a57\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cKant \u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5148\u9a57\u7684\u8da3\u5473\u539f\u5247\u6216\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u547d\u984c\u7684 \u201c\u6a21\u614b\u7248\u672c modal version\u201d \uff08 pp 86-87\u3001116-17 \uff09\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u3002\u4f46 Kant \u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u512a\u9ede\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5b83\u8a66\u5716\u70ba\u5176\u8d77\u59cb\u7684\u524d\u7406\u8ad6\u898b\u89e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u652f\u6301\u3002\u6839\u64da Mary Mothersill \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u7f8e\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5ba2\u89c0\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4f46\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u5206\u985e\u6216\u54c1\u5473\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u5047\u8a2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u5230\u7406\u8ad6\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u8ad6\u8faf\u8b77\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8e\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u5206\u6790\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373 \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u908f\u8f2f\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u8ad6\u63a8\u5c0e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u5b83\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u53cd\u5c0d\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u63a8\u8ad6\u7a2e\u985e \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 Kant \u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u76f4\u89ba\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0cKant \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u54c1\u5473\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8a34\u8af8\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u65bc\u79c1\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u548c\u516c\u5171\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u524d\u7406\u8ad6\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u7121\u5229\u5bb3\u6027\u662f\u5e38\u8b58\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u5730\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7f8e\u5f9e\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u601d\u8fa8\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u7121\u7591\u5730\u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u9019\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8ac7\u8ad6\u54c1\u5473\u6642\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u6642\uff0cKant 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\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d93\u9a57\u6982\u5ff5\u8db3\u4ee5\u7d71\u4e00\u5c0d\u8c61\u6240\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u3002\u9019\u96e3\u9053\u4e0d\u6703\u4f7f Kant \u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u4e0a\u8b8a\u5f97\u7a7a\u6d1e\u55ce\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u7136\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u7f8e\u9e97\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ea\u8981\u7262\u8a18\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8655\u7406\u5148\u9a57\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u8655\u7406\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8207\u660e\u78ba\u9069\u7528\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u898f\u5247\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u64f1\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u6a5f\u5668\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u80af\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7c21\u55ae\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u689d\u4ef6\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u6bcf\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u90fd\u6703\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7559\u4e0b\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u4f46\u6839\u64da Kant \u5c0d\u5be9\u7f8e\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u5f85\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u54c1\u5473\u5c0d\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u9ad4\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u70ba\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u63d0\u4f9b\u6c7a\u7b56\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5f9e\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c07\u6bcf\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u5728\u5176\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u4e2d\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u67d0\u7a2e\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u8c61\u90fd\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6211\u5011\u7acb\u5373\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5c07\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u6109\u6085\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u91cb\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u5730\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u7d71\u4e00\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u611f\u89ba\u5b83\u6eff\u8db3\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u6216\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u9ad8\u8208\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kant \u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u53cd\u61c9\u7406\u8ad6\u4e5f\u70ba\u7f8e\u611f\u53cd\u601d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u53cd\u601d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6216\u8b49\u5be6\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f8e\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u6839\u64da Mary Mothersill \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u4fdd\u8b49\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u4e2d\u611f\u5230\u6109\u60a6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u7406\u7531\u8aaa\u660e\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u6a23\u7684 \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u70ba\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7a2e\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u6839\u64da Kant \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53cd\u601d\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u6b63\u5728\u5f15\u8d77\u6109\u60a6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7684 \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u5728\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e0a\u6eff\u8db3\u4e86\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u8208\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b93\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u919c\u964b\u6216\u8b93\u5225\u4eba\u4e0d\u9ad8\u8208\uff1b\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u660e\u767d\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u9019\u7a2e\u5be9\u7f8e\u7279\u6027\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u537b\u4e0d\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0cKant 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\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u78ba\u5224\u65b7\u7f8e\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u5373\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u6b63\u7576\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u660e\u986f\u5730\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u610f\u8b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5176\u4ed6\u6109\u60a6\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u63a8\u65b7\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u7f8e\u6216\u88dd\u98fe\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u6848\u4f8b\uff08\u9019\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684 \u201c\u7f8e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u201d \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7bc4\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7f8e\u8853\u4e2d\u7684\u6a02\u8da3\u7684\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6642\uff0cKant \u4f3c\u4e4e\u80cc\u96e2\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u5148\u9a57\u539f\u5247\u3002\u5b98\u80fd\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u662f\u6f5b\u610f\u8b58\u6216\u524d\u610f\u8b58\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u4e00\u4ef6\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\u8868\u9054\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be9\u7f8e\u89c0\u5ff5\u6642\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u76f8\u4fe1\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u7684 \u201c\u98db\u7fd4\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u201c\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8868\u8ff0\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7531\u6587\u5b57\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u201d ( \u201c<em>The Critique of Judgment<\/em>\u201d, \u00a749, 5. 315 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u660e\u986f\u8a8d\u77e5\u4f46\u4e0d\u53d7\u898f\u5247\u652f\u914d\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e96\u8a8d\u77e5\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u6109\u6085\u6027\u5728\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8b58\u5225\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u63a8\u65b7\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u5b98\u80fd\u548c\u8ae7\u4f5c\u70ba \u201c\u5be9\u7f8e\u5c6c\u6027\u201d \u4e2d\u7684\u6109\u6085\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u50c5\u70ba Mary Mothersill \u5c0d\u7f8e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5206\u6790\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a19\u6e96 \uff0c\u5979\u5c07\u5176\u8207\u7f8e\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u548c\u7a7a\u9593\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u76f8\u7576\u591a\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8a34\u8af8\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u95dc\u6ce8\u6642\u627f\u64d4\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mary Mothersill \u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u771f\u8aa0\u5730\u627f\u8a8d\u5c0d\u67d0\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u6109\u6085\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u5224\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u7570\uff08 pp 91-94 \uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u78ba\u5be6\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u5b9a\u7684\u200b\u200b\u898f\u7bc4\u542b\u7fa9\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49 \u3002\u7136\u800c\u5979\u5f37\u786c\u5730\u8faf\u7a31\uff0cKant \u5c07\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u65b9\u9762\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\u5230\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u9019\u5df2\u7d93\u8d70\u5f97\u592a\u9060\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u7531\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u9069\u7576\u6697\u793a\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u6703\u547d\u4ee4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4eab\u53d7\u6211\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7f8e\u9e97\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u6703\u53bb\u8a55\u5224\u6216\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u54c1\u5473\uff08 p 216 \uff09\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u771f\u8aa0\u5730\u5411\u5225\u4eba\u627f\u8a8d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6109\u60a6\uff1b\u5728\u6279\u5224\u6027\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u8aa0\u610f\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u8ca0\u64d4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u770b\u4f86\uff0cMary Mothersill \u5728\u767c\u8868\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u6642\u5c0d\u5b8c\u5168\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u7dad\u5ea6\u6f20\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u7136 Kant \u672a\u80fd\u634d\u885b\u4ed6\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u5373 \u201c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7fa9\u52d9\u201d ( \u201c<em>The Critique of Judgment<\/em>\u201d, \u00a740, 5. 296 ) \u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7576 Kant \u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\u751a\u81f3\u611b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u6642 \uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8ad6\u8b49\u6109\u60a6\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u57f9\u990a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u50be\u5411\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027 \u2014\u2014 \u7121\u975e\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u54c1\u5473\u662f\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7368\u7279\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u78ba\u5be6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u82db\u6c42\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Mary Mothersill \u672c\u4eba\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u6cd5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u547d\u4ee4\u4f60\u559c\u6b61\u67d0\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u7576\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4f60\u63a8\u85a6\u5b83\uff08 p 217 \uff09 \u3002\u8b9a\u63da\u67d0\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u9032\u884c\u8a00\u8a9e\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3002\u4f46\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u8b9a\u63da\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5192\u96aa\u5f71\u97ff\u4f60\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u4f60\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9810\u898b\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\uff08\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u793a\u6027\u8a00\u8a9e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u70ba\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u7576\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f60\u80af\u5b9a\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u8cac\u4efb\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u5728\u5411\u60a8\u63a8\u85a6\u4e00\u5834\u6f14\u51fa\u6216\u8868\u6f14\u6642\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u7576\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u5efa\u8b70\u60a8\u5c07\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3001\u7cbe\u529b\u6216\u91d1\u9322\u82b1\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5c0d\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u6eff\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u7531\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u3002\u5118\u7ba1 Mary Mothersill \u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u9806\u4fbf\u5411\u4ed6\u4eba\u63a8\u85a6\u7269\u54c1\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff08 pp 31\u300179\u3001224 \uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u5f97\u8db3\u5920\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u6a19\u6e96\u4e0d\u80fd\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5f97\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u6a19\u6e96\u4e00\u6a23\u9ad8\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u76e3\u7981\u6216\u55aa\u5931\u884c\u70ba\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5c08\u696d\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u9084\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u5efa\u8b70\u4e2d\u90fd\u4e0d\u61c9\u9075\u5faa\u4e8b\u52d9\u4e2d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6b4c\u5287\u9662\u904e\u591c\u3001\u53bb\u9059\u9060\u7684\u5927\u6559\u5802\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u535a\u7269\u9928\u5ea6\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u9031\u672b\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u5b69\u5b50\u6574\u9031\u90fd\u5728\u65e5\u8a17\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8a08\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u5411\u6211\u5011\u63a8\u85a6\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u7121\u7406\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8f15\u7387\u7684\u3002\u7528\u5c08\u696d\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7f8e\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6b23\u8cde\u5019\u9078\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8cc7\u683c\u6216\u9650\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u8a00\u8a9e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u6a02\u8da3\u3002\u4f46\u70ba\u4e86\u6eff\u8db3\u9019\u4e9b\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u53ea\u6709\u64c1\u6709\u7368\u7279\u800c\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u624d\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff1b\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u7d93\u904e\u9069\u7576\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u5f8c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u660e\u986f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u67d0\u7a2e\u6109\u60a6\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5411\u5f7c\u6b64\u63a8\u85a6\u6709\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8a34\u8af8\u54c1\u5473\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u8b49\u660e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u7f8e\u5b78\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5118\u7ba1 Joseph Addison \u548c David Hume \u8a8d\u70ba\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8b9a\u63da\u300c\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u300d\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4f46\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u908a\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u6279\u8a55\u6027\u5efa\u8b70\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u5f70\u63a1\u53d6\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u5e6b\u52a9\u7dad\u6301\u5b83\u5011\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">i) \u6709\u6642\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u7269\u54c1\u6703\u7531\u5176\u88fd\u4f5c\u8005\u5411\u516c\u773e\u63d0\u4f9b\u6216\u7531\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\uff08\u6709\u511f\u6216\u5fd7\u5de5\uff09\u63a8\u85a6\uff1b\u5728\u9019\u88cf \uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u6709\u7406\u7531\u671f\u5f85\u826f\u597d\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5408\u7406\u5730\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5411\u4ed6\u4eba\u627f\u8afe\u6109\u60a6\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u4e5f\u627f\u64d4\u8457\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u7406\u7531\u5c07\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5f37\u52a0\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\u3002\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u6bd4\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u9019\u500b\u7406\u7531\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u65b0\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u767c\u660e\u8005\u6216\u65b0\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u5148\u9a45\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u671f\u671b\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u61c9\u8a72\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e00\u6a23\u53d6\u6085\u6211\u5011\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u826f\u5fc3\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u660e\u4e0d\u80fd\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u7121\u61c8\u53ef\u64ca\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u8003\u616e\u5b83\uff1b\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u85dd\u8853\u5ba3\u8a00\u90fd\u6703\u5c65\u884c\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u61c9\u627f\u64d4\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u8981\u4e48\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5ba3\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ii\uff09\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u66f4\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u6216\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u4e0d\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u5c07\u5176\u7d0d\u5165\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u63a8\u85a6\u4e00\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f86\u5438\u5f15\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8a72\u5c0d\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u6216\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u7d71\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5176\u50f9\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e26\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u5206\u4eab\u8a72\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u9019\u88f9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u85dd\u8853\u50b3\u7d71\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5373\u8a72\u5c0d\u8c61\u8207\u5176\u524d\u8f29\u4e2d\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c07\u756b\u9762\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5448\u73fe\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u5049\u5927\u7684\u5177\u8c61\u7e6a\u756b\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6703\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u592a\u591a\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u89e3\u91cb\u756b\u9762\u5728\u6211\u5011\u6b23\u8cde\u90a3\u4e9b\u53e4\u8001\u7e6a\u756b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u5f35\u62c9\u4f38\u7684\u5f69\u8272\u756b\u5e03\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u5f35\u756b\u5e03\u4e4b\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u7121\u6578\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u8207\u7f8e\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u7e6b\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u7f8e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5076\u7136\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u8003\u616e\u5230\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7e3d\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8207\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u50b3\u7d71\u76f8\u806f\u7e6b\u4f86\u88dc\u5145\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b83\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">iii) \u5728\u8a31\u591a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u516c\u773e \u3002\u7576 Hume \u8aaa \u201c\u4e8c\u5341\u6b72\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0cOvid\u00a0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u56db\u5341\u6b72\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f Horace \u00a0\uff0c\u4e94\u5341\u6b72\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f Tacitus\u201d (David Hume &#8211;  \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Essays-Political-Literary-David-Hume\/dp\/0865970564\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2G4SP50X02WP1&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.hlaORiBbkRiuS4tbM9XeTFd4RwiGuV6YccYiCkWfEvx0o1CS6paVRSckYhjusGcjqAefq3pKH-zQivRVSlojTn8wEeGt4c6R0KWPwEusTPOklAjUZsviDyXbT0j9KUIUN2NzpQOMwbSSy0ogU6D252fyqU6EvBWg_yeH726DllGJZx9KeSLerkLG_4JQjhSx0P_0KX24YT1ZUE_lg7SimxrItf38RvxGsLl6CA1cetk.36EyLS0Si34COlOr4-dG7NZeX5vEaC8G_QLmJD_ajMQ&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Essays%3A+Moral%2C+Political%2C+and+Literary&amp;qid=1718260605&amp;s=books&amp;sprefix=essays+moral%2C+political%2C+and+literary%2Cstripbooks-intl-ship%2C433&amp;sr=1-1\">Essays: Moral, Political, and Literary<\/a>(1985)<\/em>\u201d: p 250 )\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u5c0d\u54c1\u5473\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u634d\u885b \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u7576\u7136\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7bc4\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u5247\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u65b7\u8a00 Ogilby \u6bd4\u548c Milton \u4e4b\u9593\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6bd4\u8f03 ( p 187 )\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u6703\u5c07\u54c1\u5473\u964d\u4f4e\u70ba\u7279\u6b8a\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8655\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u4f46\u80af\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f8e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u6700\u986f\u8457\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u5728\u751f\u547d\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7406\u7531\u8b93\u8655\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u8208\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7f8e\u9e97\u5c0d\u8c61\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u6109\u60a6\uff1b\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u6709\u8cac\u4efb\u63d0\u4f9b\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0cOvid\u00a0\u4e0d\u50c5\u8a34\u8af8\u4e8c\u5341\u6b72\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u800c Tacitus \u5247\u8a34\u8af8\u4e94\u5341\u6b72\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8208\u8da3\uff1bOvid\u00a0\u548c Tacitus \u90fd\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u50f9\u503c \uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7f8e\u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u984d\u5916\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u660e\u78ba\u4ed6\u63a8\u85a6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u53d7\u773e\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u53d7\u773e\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebcOvid\u00a0\u548c Tacitus \u5c31\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\uff0cTacitus\uff0c\u4ee5\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u4e8c\u5341\u6b72\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u4e94\u5341\u6b72\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">iv\uff09\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002Hume \u7d93\u5e38\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5c0d\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u9069\u7576\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u53cd\u61c9\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8207\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u54c1\u5473\u7fa3\u9ad4\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u683c\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6 \u201c\u5fc5\u9808\u4fdd\u6301\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e00\u5207\u504f\u898b\u201d \u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6642\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u64fa\u812b\u4e00\u5207\u9810\u8a2d\uff0c\u76f2\u76ee\u5730\u63a5\u8fd1\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ed6\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u4e00\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u5176\u4ed6\u5148\u5165\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5148\u5165\u70ba\u4e3b\u78ba\u5be6\u6703\u640d\u5bb3\u4ed6\u611f\u77e5\u8a72\u5c0d\u8c61\u771f\u6b63\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u512a\u9ede\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c \u201c\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u570b\u5bb6\u7684[\u4f5c\u54c1]\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u2026\u2026\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u653e\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7f6e\u65bc\u8207\u89c0\u773e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8655\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u201d (\u201c<em>Essays: Moral, Political, and Literary(1985)<\/em>\u201d, p. 244-45 )\u3002\u9019\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6703\u88ab\u63a8\u85a6\u7d66\u6301\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u89c0\u773e\u3002\u4f86\u81ea\u5b97\u6559\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5728\u4e16\u4fd7\u6642\u4ee3\u4ecd\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u8b9a\u63da\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u500b\u6027\u7684\u8868\u9054\u88ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc3\u667a\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4eba\u8072\u7a31\u503c\u5f97\u4ed8\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u4f86\u5438\u6536\u5916\u4f86\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u54c1\u6703\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u793e\u7fa3\u5167\u88ab\u63a8\u85a6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5411\u5176\u6210\u54e1\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u63a8\u85a6 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u5728\u8003\u616e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5373\u5c0d\u67d0\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6109\u60a6\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u8b9a\u63da\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u5340\u5167\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u984d\u5916\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7d10\u5e36\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u60f3\u5230\u300c\u5728\u300d\u7b11\u8a71\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u5340\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u90fd\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u9818\u57df\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7f8e\u9e97\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u6109\u6085\u7684\u793e\u6703\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\u5faa\u74b0\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u5340\u5167\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u63a8\u85a6\u4e5f\u5c07\u662f\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8a72\u5c0d\u8c61\u80fd\u5920\u540c\u6a23\u7f8e\u9e97 \u2014\u2014 \u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5c0d\u5b83\u7684\u7f8e\u7684\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u7b11\u8a71\u60f3\u8981\u8b8a\u5f97 \u201c\u6d41\u884c \u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u6700\u597d\u662f\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u5916\u5ef6\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u55ae\u7368\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u8c61\u4e0d\u80fd\u50c5\u50c5\u56e0\u70ba\u7ad9\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u4f5c\u70ba\u67d0\u7a2e\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u96c6\u9ad4\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u8b9a\u63da\uff0c\u4f46\u50b3\u7d71\u6216\u89c0\u9ede\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u8b9a\u63da\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u652f\u6301\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8b9a\u63da\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u8868\u9054\u4e00\u7a2e\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 \u201c<em>Beauty Restored: An Essay in Aesthetic Theory<\/em>\u201d \u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cMary Mothersill \u900f\u904e\u6aa2\u7d22 Kant \u7684\u7f8e\u611f\u5224\u65b7\u7bc4\u5f0f\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u69cb\u6210\u7f8e\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002Mary Mothersill \u5c07 Kant \u5c0d\u7f8e\u5b78\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u8655\u7406\u8996\u70ba\u975e\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u5224\u65b7\u4e2d\u7684\u6109\u6085\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u95e1\u660e\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5728\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8072\u660e X \u662f\u7f8e\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u7121\u9700\u671f\u671b\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u6a19\u6e96\u8d85\u51fa\u5c0d\u6109\u6085\u5c0d\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u900f\u904e\u82f1\u7f8e\u85dd\u8853\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7e\u7a2e\u7f8e\u5b78\u5224\u65b7\u7406\u8ad6\u4f86\u78ba\u5b9a\u7f8e\u5b78\u5224\u65b7\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002Mary Mothersill \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u662f\u5c0d\u7f8e\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u548c\u554f\u984c\u7684\u51fa\u8272\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d Mary Mothersill \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7f8e\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff1a\u54c1\u5473\u6c92\u6709\u539f\u5247\uff1b\u5be9\u7f8e\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5be9\u67e5\uff1b\u5be9\u7f8e\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u5c07\u5c0d\u8c61\u8996\u70ba\u6109\u60a6\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u8868\u9054\u4e2d\u8aaa\u5c0d\u8c61\u662f\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u54c1\u8cea X \u900f\u904e\u5728\u5c0d\u8c61Y \u4e2d\u5448\u73fe\u800c\u7d66\u4eba\u5e36\u4f86\u6109\u60a6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d Y \u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u5be9\u7f8e\u6109\u6085\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u68f5\u6a39\u3001\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u4e00\u9996\u8a69\u3001\u4e00\u9996\u6b4c\u6216\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\uff0c\u800c X \u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba Y \u7279\u6709\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u50b3\u9054\u7d66\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5c0d Mary Mothersill \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5be9\u7f8e\u5224\u65b7\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7a2e\u958b\u653e\u5f0f\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e36\u6709\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u548c\u6e2c\u8a66\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mary Mothersill \u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d\u7f8e\u7684\u9748\u6d3b\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5c07\u5be9\u7f8e\u6109\u6085\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6109\u6085\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u3002\u95b1\u8b80\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u5728\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u5be9\u8996\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff1a \u201c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u6211\u559c\u6b61\u770b\u9019\u5e45\u756b\uff0c\u8b80\u9019\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u548c\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u201d \uff1f\u5b83\u4e5f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u601d\u8003\u500b\u9ad4\u5224\u65b7\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u8a8d\u77e5\u548c\u6e9d\u901a\u6d3b\u52d5\u90fd\u53d7\u6982\u5ff5\u898f\u5247\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u6311\u6230\u662f\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u6613\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u4e14\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u50b3\u9054\u9019\u4e9b\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3002Mary Mothersill \u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u5224\u65b7\u6846\u67b6\u5728\u95e1\u660e\u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u9a57\u65b9\u9762\u5927\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8a55\u4f30\u4e86\u5be9\u7f8e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4e3b\u5f35\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\uff08\u5373\u771f\u5be6\u4e14\u53ef\u8b49\u660e\u7684\uff09\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u54c1\u5473\u7684\u539f\u5247\u6216\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u5728\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u800c\u5bcc\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u4e2d\uff0cMary Mothersill \u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u5be9\u7f8e\u8207\u502b\u7406\u63a8\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u8207\u5d07\u9ad8\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx Mary Mothersill \u5e0c\u671b\u6062\u5fa9\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u200b\u200b\u7f8e\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5fa9\u8208\u7f8e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5e36\u56de\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u88ab\u666e\u901a\u8a9e\u8a00\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u865b\u5047\u8b19\u865b\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u7f8e\u8207\u7f8e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6839\u672c\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u6a02\u8da3\u9019\u4e00\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u6700\u7d42\u6210\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u7f8e\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u7f8e\u7684\u4f9d\u6200\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u7406\u7531\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u6642 \uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6b61\u8fce Mary Mothersill \u7684 \u201cBeauty Restored: An Essay in Aesthetic Theory\u201d\u3002 \u6839\u64da Mary Mothersill \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5be9\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u5fc5\u9808\u9762\u5c0d Kant \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u5c55\u793a\u5979\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba \u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u547d\u984c First Thesis\u201d \u548c \u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u547d\u984c Second Thesis\u201d \u7684\u5169\u500b\u771f\u7406\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5920\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u54c1\u5473\u5224\u65b7\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff08pp 86-87 \uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728 \u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u5c6c\u6027 \u03a6 \u7684\u6771\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u9e97\u7684\u201d \u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7121\u5bb3\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8b02\u8a5e \u03a6 \u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u7f8e\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u7a31\u6216\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u5be9\u7f8e\u50f9\u503c\uff08 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/06\/13\/beauty-restored-an-essay-in-aesthetic-theory\/\">Continue reading <span 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