{"id":9262,"date":"2024-06-20T06:29:14","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T06:29:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9262"},"modified":"2024-06-20T06:29:16","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T06:29:16","slug":"providence-lost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/06\/20\/providence-lost\/","title":{"rendered":"Providence lost"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u5c0d\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u5929\u547d providence\u201d \u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5167\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u5408\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u63d0\u4f9b\u300d\u4eba\u985e\u798f\u7949\u7684\u826f\u6027\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u65e5\u76ca\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u6642\u4ee3 \u2500\u2500 \u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\uff1f\u4e5f\u8a31\u5427\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982 Genevieve Lloyd \u5728\u9019\u672c\u201cProvidence lost<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u5bcc\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6240\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u4ecd\u7136\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b\u4e26\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u6f84\u6e05\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u6216\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8abf\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u6b63\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002Lloyd \u5f9e\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5176\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4f86\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5176\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u9069\u61c9\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5979\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u8b8a\u5f97\u591a\u9918\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u5f9e Euripides \u5230 Augustine\u3001Descartes \u3001Spinoza\u3001Kant \u548c Hegel \u7b49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u800c\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u5c0d\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u8cac\u4efb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u529b\u3001\u60f3\u50cf\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8b93\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u8b80\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u7406\u89e3 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u53ef\u4ee5\u5931\u53bb\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u812b\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cProvidence lost<\/em>\u201d \u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8a8d\u8b58\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u3002Plutarch \u5728\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u5beb\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u540d\u70ba Whether an Old Man Should Engage in Public Affairs<\/strong><\/a>\u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u65bc\u5f9e\u6905\u5b50\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u767c\u8868\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u4e26\u57fa\u65bc\u6587\u5b57\u6388\u8ab2\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u61f7\u5ff5\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u9593\u65b7\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u770b\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u54f2\u5b78\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b8c\u5168\u7b49\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u5be6\u8e10\u8457\u2026\u2026\u8607\u683c\u62c9\u5e95\u6c92\u6709\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u807d\u773e\u642d\u5efa\u770b\u53f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5750\u5728\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\uff1b\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u807d\u773e\u642d\u5efa\u770b\u53f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5750\u5728\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\uff1b\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u807d\u773e\u642d\u5efa\u770b\u53f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5750\u5728\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\uff1b\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u807d\u773e\u642d\u5efa\u770b\u53f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5750\u5728\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\uff1b\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u807d\u773e\u642d\u5efa\u770b\u53f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5750\u5728\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6905\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u6c92\u6709\u8207\u670b\u53cb\u4ea4\u8ac7\u6216\u6563\u6b65\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u8868\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u6642\u900f\u904e\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\uff0c\u6216\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u8d77\u53c3\u52a0\u6230\u722d\u6216\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u900f\u904e\u5165\u7344\u548c\u559d\u6bd2\u85e5\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\u3001\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u9ede\u3001\u767c\u751f\u5728\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u90fd\u7d66\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u3002(Plutarch’s Moralia, vol.10 [Loeb 321]<\/a>\uff0c p 145:26 ) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u5011\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u9019\u672c\u540d\u70ba \u201cProvidence lost<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u66f8\uff1fGenevieve Lloyd \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u4fd7\u8a71\u8a9e\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u904b\u7528\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u5927\u7684 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u89c0\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5b83\u96d6\u7136\u8207\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4f46\u8db3\u5920\u7368\u7279\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b49\u9032\u884c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u795e\u5b78\u4e00\u795e\u8ad6\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u88ab\u7167\u9867\u3001\u88ab\u7167\u9867\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u4e0a \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u798f\u7949\u900f\u904e\u795e\u8056\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u8b49\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\u3002Genevieve Lloyd \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u7e41\u69ae\u548c\u798f\u7949\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u6709\u8457\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u537b\u6e90\u81ea\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5 \u2014\u2014 \u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u907f\u958b\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u5e36\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u60c5\u611f\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e9e\u65bc\u5b97\u6559\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u9069\u61c9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u60b2\u5287\u6027\u7dad\u5ea6\uff1a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3001\u4e0d\u5e78\u548c\u82e6\u96e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genevieve Lloyd \u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u91cd\u65b0\u5448\u73fe\u4e86 Descartes \u548c Spinoza \u7b49\u65e9\u671f\u73fe\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u7406\u6027\u8207\u60c5\u611f\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u7d42\u6975\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5169\u4eba\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u6fc0\u60c5\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e3b\u5f35\u8207\u5b83\u5011\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5979\u6700\u7d42\u5728 Descartes \u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u7ad9\u5728 Spinoza \u4e00\u908a\uff08 p 308 \uff09 \uff0c\u4f46 Lloyd \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u515c\u552e\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc Descartes \u7f6a\u60e1\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\u795e\u8a71\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u592a\u904e\u65bc Descartes \u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u5730\u5982\u6b64 \u2014\u2014 \u7e7c\u627f\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u69cb\u6210\u5b83\u7684 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u89c0\u5ff5\u3002Spinoza \u5728\u653b\u64ca\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u89c0\u5ff5\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u4e0d\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u767c\u5c55\u4e00\u7a2e\u8207\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u89e3\u9023\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002Lloyd \u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86 Spinoza \u5982\u4f55\u63a5\u53d7 Stoic \u6d3e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u89c0\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u9006\u5883\u9762\u524d\u4fdd\u6301\u51b7\u975c\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1 Spinoza \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u80fd\u5426\u9054\u5230 Lloyd \u60f3\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u9019\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5efa\u8b70\u6211\u5011 \u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u7b49\u5f85\u548c\u627f\u53d7\u4e00\u5207\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u547d\u904b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e0a\u5e1d\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u201d \u2014\u2014 \u5979\u8868\u660e\u9019\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u5617\u8a66\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genevieve Lloyd \u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc Susan Neiman \u5728 \u201cEvil in Modern Thought:An Alternative History of Philosophy-Princeton University Press (2015)<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u99c1\u800c\u662f\u62d2\u7d55\u73fe\u4ee3\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u5206\u96e2\uff08Lloyd \u4e4b\u524d\u66fe\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u904e\u5728 \u201cBeing in Time: Selves and Narrators in Philosophy and Literature (Ideas) (1993)<\/em>\u201d \uff09\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u9a5a\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002Lloyd \u6b63\u8655\u65bc\u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u5dd4\u5cf0\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5c07\u5176\u8b8a\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201c\u5929\u547d providence\u201d \u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u300c\u63d0\u4f9b provide\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\u3002\u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u5df2\u7d93\u8207\u4e0a\u5e1d\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u63d0\u4f9b\u98df\u7269\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u53ea\u662f\u8207\u4e00\u7a2e\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4e0d\u5e78\u548c\u75db\u82e6\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u8abf\u6574\u3002 \u201cProvidence lost<\/em>\u201d \u662f\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5f9e\u5b83\u5728\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u51fa\u73fe\u5230\u5b83\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u7684\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u9019\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u548c\u95dc\u65bc\u6982\u5ff5\u55aa\u5931\u7684\u6fc0\u52d5\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5c0e\u8ad6\u548c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\uff0c \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u54f2\u5b78\u8a5e\u5f59\u4e2d\u6d88\u5931 \u2014\u2014Genevieve Lloyd \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u640d\u5931\u5728 Hegel \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u53ef\u898b \u2014\u2014 \u52a9\u9577\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\uff1a \u201c\u53ef\u63a7\u8207\u5fc5\u8981\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u754c\u9650\u662f\u7121\u9650\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u201d\uff08 p 307\uff09\u3002\u5e7b\u60f3\u662f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63a7\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u8070\u660e\u624d\u667a\u53ef\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002Lloyd \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u5011\u9019\u6a23\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6ce8\u5b9a\u6703\u505a\u51fa \u201c\u4e0d\u9069\u7576\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u52aa\u529b\u201d ( p 304 )\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u4ee3\u7406\u548c\u8cac\u4efb\u63a1\u53d6\u6700\u7d42\u4e0d\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5979\u5f15\u7528\u4e86 Joan Didion \u7684 \u201cThe Year of Magical Thinking(2007)<\/a><\/em>\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d Joan Didion \u8aaa\uff0c\u5979\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u9019\u7a2e\u5931\u6557\u3002Lloyd \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u7a2e\u7126\u616e\u548c\u8870\u5f31\u72c0\u6cc1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u65bc \u201c\u6839\u64da\u9700\u8981\u5851\u9020\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u201d ( p 309 )\uff0c\u800c\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u95e1\u660e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u69cb\u6210\u672c\u66f8\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u516b\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u3002\u9019\u6bb5\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 (The Philosopher and the Princess: Descartes and the Philosophical Life) \u548c\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 (Living with Necessity: Spinoza and the Philosophical Life)\uff0c\u662f Descartes \u548c Spinoza \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5c07\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u7531\u8655\u65bc\u7121\u52a9\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u61f7\u62b1\u4e2d\uff08\u5c31\u50cf Spinoza \u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff09\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5728 23 \u6b72\u6642\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u7336\u592a\u6559\uff09\u3002Genevieve Lloyd \u5f9e\u9019\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7e7c\u627f\u4e86 Descartes \u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8150\u6557\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c0d Spinoza \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5168\u8996\u800c\u4e0d\u898b\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7684 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u5979\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7684\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u4f4d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u90fd\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\uff09\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u56f0\u96e3\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u9069\u61c9\u9019\u7a2e\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u5c0d Descartes \u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u610f\u5fd7\u529b\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u54f2\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u800c Lloyd \u767c\u73fe\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u601d\u8003\u4e2d\u90fd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9019\u7a2e\u6d3b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0 (Euripides, Philosopher of the Stage) \u5230\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0 (Augustine: Divine Justice and the \u201cOrdering\u201d of Evil) \u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86 Descartes \u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c Spinoza \u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5929\u547d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5f9e Euripides \u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5230 Augustine \u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u4e26\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u5176\u9593\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u6b77\u53f2\u4e4b\u65c5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u662f Stoics \u5b78\u6d3e\uff08\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0 (The World of Men and Gods) \u548c\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0 (Agreeing with Nature: Fate and Providence in Stoic Ethics) \uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u900f\u904e\u5c07 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u8207\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u7b49\u540c\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u9810\u793a\u4e86 Spinoza \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\uff1b\u800c Augustine \uff08\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0\uff09\uff0c\u5247\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u795e\u610f\u7b49\u540c\u65bc Descartes \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u9810\u793a\u4e86 Descartes \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u3002\u7b2c 7 \u7ae0 (Designer Worlds) \u548c\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 (Providence as Progress ) \u5ef6\u7e8c\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u9019\u6bb5\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5f9e Leibniz \u5c07 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u8996\u70ba\u53d7\u7121\u9650\u667a\u6167\u6aa2\u9a57\u7684\u795e\u8056\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u904b\u7528\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5230 Kant \u5c07 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u7d0d\u5165\u9032\u6b65\u601d\u60f3\u7d50\u675f\u3002Voltaire\u3001Hume \u548c Rousseau \u4e5f\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u672c\u66f8\u4e5f\u9817\u6709\u7f3a\u5931\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u7ae0\u7bc0\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5c0d\u4e0d\u540c\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u8655\u7406\u5f80\u5f80\u904e\u65bc\u7c97\u7565\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u6eff\u8db3\u5c08\u5bb6\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u5c0d\u975e\u5c08\u5bb6\u7684\u555f\u767c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c0d Stoic \u6d3e \u201c\u632a\u7528 appropriation\u201d \u6216 \u201c\u885d\u52d5 impulse\u201d \u7b49\u95dc\u9375\u6280\u8853\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u95e1\u8ff0\u592a\u5feb\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u95e1\u660e Genevieve Lloyd \u6240\u8868\u63da\u4e26\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4f7f\u5176\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684 Stoic \u6d3e\u7406\u60f3\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u5011\u975e\u5e38\u60f3\u8981\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7d66\u4eba\u4e00\u7a2e\u96dc\u4e82\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5979\u89ba\u5f97\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u6db5\u84cb\u592a\u591a\u4eba\u7269\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709 Plato\u3001Aristotle\u3001Epicurus\u3001Machiavelli\u3001Boethius \u548c\u65b0 Plato\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff09\u3002Lloyd \u70ba\u4e86\u5ee3\u5ea6\u800c\u72a7\u7272\u4e86\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7684\u64c1\u64e0\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u671b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u543b\u5408\u6216\u8207\u5b83\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u543b\u5408\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bb5\u843d\u9996\u5148\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5f62\u5f0f\u767c\u8868\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u9019\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u500b\u56f0\u96e3\u5728 Descartes \u7684\u95dc\u9375\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u6700\u70ba\u7a81\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cGenevieve Lloyd \u9700\u8981\u5c55\u793a\uff08\u5728\u5979\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\uff09\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6e90\u65bc\u5c0d Descartes \u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u632a\u7528\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u4e86\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u671f\u671b\u5728 Descartes \u4e00\u7ae0 (The Philosopher and the Princess: Descartes and the Philosophical Life) \u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u9019\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u5169\u500b\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u5920\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cLloyd \u5c55\u793a\u4e86 Descartes \u8207\u7cbe\u660e\u7684 Elisabeth of Bohemia \u516c\u4e3b\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5982\u4f55\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6539\u9032\u4ed6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5728\u4ed6\u5728 \u201cThe Passions of the Soul<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u95e1\u8ff0\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u4e2d\u9054\u5230\u9802\u5cf0\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u904b\u7528\u6703\u8003\u616e\u5230\u8d85\u51fa\u610f\u5fd7\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u611b\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u6839\u64da Descartes \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u8996\u70ba\u611b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9019\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a Descartes \u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u5728\u65e9\u671f\uff08Elisabeth of Bohemia \u4e4b\u524d\uff09\u6216\u5f8c\u4f86\uff08Elisabeth of Bohemia \u4e4b\u5f8c\uff09\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5c0d\u65bc Lloyd \u7684\u9019\u4e00\u7ae0\u7bc0\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8a72\u7ae0\u7bc0\u8072\u7a31\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u8abf\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u5016\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u7576 Descartes \u5728\u6709\u95dc Spinoza \u7684\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7ae0\u7bc0 (Living with Necessity: Spinoza and the Philosophical Life) \u4e2d\u88ab\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u6975\u7aef\u552f\u610f\u5fd7\u8ad6\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9677\u963b\u7919\u4e86\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a55\u4f30\u6211\u5011\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u7372\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u56de\u5831\u3002Genevieve Lloyd \u5c0d\u5979\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u6587\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bcc\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u70ba\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u4eba\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u5f62\u5f0f\u7d66\u4e88\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5979\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u8b49\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u638c\u63e1 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u6211\u5011\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5171\u9cf4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u6211\u5011\u6587\u660e\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5e6b\u52a9\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u6015\u548c\u56f0\u96e3\u6642\u611f\u5230\u9806\u9069\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u795e\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u61c9\u8a72\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u6027\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6df1\u5c64\u5b89\u6170\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u61c9\u8a72\u540c\u6642\u8abf\u52d5\u667a\u529b\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u3002Lloyd \u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u70ba\u5f15\u8d77\u8b80\u8005\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u5b8c\u6574\u53c3\u8207\u5f62\u5f0f\u800c\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5beb\u4f5c\u7b56\u7565\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u3002\u51fa\u65bc\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5c07\u6587\u5b78\u6587\u672c\u7576\u4f5c\u54f2\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f86\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5287\u4f5c\u5bb6 Euripides \u7684\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u958b\u59cb\u548c\u7d50\u675f\u4e26\u975e\u5076\u7136\u3002\u7406\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5411\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5c0d\u5be6\u8e10\u54f2\u5b78\u6587\u5b78\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6279\u5224\u6027\u548c\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u7684\u6b21\u4e3b\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6709\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u526f\u4e3b\u984c\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86\u66f4\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u5979\u5c0d Hume \u7684 \u201cDialogues Concerning Natural Religion<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u95b1\u8b80\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u95dc\u65bc \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6642\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5979\u5c0d\u526f\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5979\u5c0d Augustine\u3001Leibniz \u548c Kant \u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u70ba\u634d\u885b\u5404\u81ea\u7684 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u6709\u610f\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u8b80\u8005\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u985e\u578b\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u63a5\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f8c\u5169\u8005\u8a34\u8af8\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u5951\u5408 fittingness\u201d \u6216\u5c0d\u7a31\u611f\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u6b23\u8cde\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\u6216\u4e00\u9996\u97f3\u6a02\u6240\u9700\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u5982Genevieve Lloyd \u6240\u898b\uff0cAugustine \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u6beb\u4e0d\u63a9\u98fe\u5730\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5c0d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u826f\u5584\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u7528\u5979\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07 Augustine \u8996\u70ba \u201c\u51fa\u65bc\u4ed6\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u5340\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u6df1\u5ea6\u800c\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u8a72\u793e\u5340\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ed6\u4e5f\u70ba\u8a72\u793e\u5340\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8ca2\u737b\u201d ( p 145 )\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u671b\u3002Lloyd \u7684\u6210\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u660e\u78ba\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4f86\u8aaa\u670d\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u6027\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\uff08\u7121\u8ad6\u591a\u9ebc\u9ebb\u6728\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u5011\u7684 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u50cf Lloyd \u6240\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5fa9\u8208\u4e86 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6216\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u7b49\u6548\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u5c0b\u627e\u64ca\u5012\u8ad6\u9ede\u5c31\u5c07\u662f\u611a\u8822\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c Lloyd \u662f\u5c0d\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u72f9\u9698\u7684\u7406\u6027\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u624d\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u7136 Genevieve Lloyd \u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u9019\u6700\u597d\u7559\u7d66\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c08\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u4e9b\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u5be9\u8996\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7b2c 261 \u9801\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u660e\u986f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u5979\u5c07\u53e4\u4ee3\u61f7\u7591\u8ad6\u8005\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\uff08\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u7acb\u8868\u8c61\u5be6\u73fe\u61f8\u7f6e\u5224\u65b7\u4f86\u8ffd\u6c42\u5e73\u975c\uff09\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u53e4\u4ee3 Stoics \u5b78\u6d3e\u3002\u53e7\u5916\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8a3b\u8173\uff08\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u6307\u793a\u4f86\u6e90\u6750\u6599\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc \u201c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u95b1\u8b80\u201d \u7684\u55ae\u7368\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u9010\u7ae0\u63d0\u4f9b\u8207 Lloyd \u4e3b\u984c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6750\u6599\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\uff08\u9069\u7576\u5730\uff0c\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u6b77\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\uff09\u548c\u5bcc\u6709\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u7684\u6587\u5b78\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8c\u624b\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\uff09\u3002 \u201c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u95b1\u8b80\u201d \u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u5979\u5728\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8c50\u5bcc\u4e14\u4e0d\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002\u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\u672c\u66f8\u503c\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0d\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u95b1\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5c0d\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u5929\u547d providence\u201d \u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5167\u5728\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u5408\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u70ba\u300c\u63d0\u4f9b\u300d\u4eba\u985e\u798f\u7949\u7684\u826f\u6027\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u65e5\u76ca\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u6642\u4ee3 \u2500\u2500 \u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7d93\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\uff1f\u4e5f\u8a31\u5427\uff0c\u4f46\u6b63\u5982 Genevieve Lloyd \u5728\u9019\u672c\u201cProvidence lost\u201d \u5bcc\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6240\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u4ecd\u7136\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u7522\u751f\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b\u4e26\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u6f84\u6e05\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u6216\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8abf\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u6b63\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8f49\u8b8a\u3002Lloyd \u5f9e\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5176\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u878d\u5408\u4f86\u8ffd\u8e64\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5176\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u9069\u61c9\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5979\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7d0d\u5165\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u8b8a\u5f97\u591a\u9918\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u5f9e Euripides \u5230 Augustine\u3001Descartes \u3001Spinoza\u3001Kant \u548c Hegel \u7b49\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u800c\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u5c0d\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u8cac\u4efb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u529b\u3001\u60f3\u50cf\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8b93\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u8b80\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u7406\u89e3 \u201c\u5929\u547d\u201d \u53ef\u4ee5\u5931\u53bb\u4f46\u7121\u6cd5\u9003\u812b\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx \u201cProvidence lost\u201d \u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8a8d\u8b58\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u3002Plutarch \u5728\u4e8c\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u5beb\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u540d\u70ba Whether an Old Man Should Engage in Public … Continue reading 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