{"id":9281,"date":"2024-07-18T04:20:47","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T04:20:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9281"},"modified":"2024-07-18T04:20:52","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T04:20:52","slug":"patterns-of-intention-on-the-historical-explanation-of-pictures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/07\/18\/patterns-of-intention-on-the-historical-explanation-of-pictures\/","title":{"rendered":"Patterns of Intention: On the Historical Explanation of Pictures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u9019\u672c\u66f8 \u201cPatterns of Intention: On the Historical Explanation of Pictures<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u662f\u5c0d\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u63a2\u7a76 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u5c0b\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u89c0\u770b\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\u6642\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6216\u4f86\u81ea\u8207\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u3002Michael Baxandall \u9996\u5148\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\u89e3\u91cb\u5177\u9ad4\u6b77\u53f2\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6587\u7269\uff08 \u4f8b\u5982\u8607\u683c\u862d\u7684 Forth \u00a0\u6a4b \uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6848\u5982\u4f55\u9069\u61c9\u5c0d\u5716\u7247\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u6216\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u3002Baxandall \u8a73\u7d30\u5206\u6790\u4e86 Pablo Picasso \u7684 Portrait of Kahnweiler<\/a>\u3001Jean Sim\u00e9on\u00a0Chardin<\/a> \u7684 A Lady Taking Tea<\/a> \u548c Piero della Francesca<\/a> \u7684 Baptism of Christ<\/a>\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3001\u4ed6\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u751a\u9ebc\u548c\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u751a\u9ebc\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3001\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4ed6\u5f9e\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u4ed6\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u6216\u79d1\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u904b\u7528\u3002Baxandall \u96a8\u5f8c\u53cd\u601d\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u8a55\u4f30\u5c0d\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u91cb\u3002Baxandall \u4e26\u4e0d\u8072\u7a31\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u601d\u8003\u5716\u7247\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u4e00\u5e45\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\u80cc\u5f8c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u7d44\u7e54 \u2014\u2014 \u611f\u77e5\u7684\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u548c\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u767c\u73fe\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u5716\u986f\u7136\u6703\u589e\u5f37\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u756b\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6eff\u8db3\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Michael Baxandall \u5728 \u201cPatterns of Intention: On the Historical Explanation of Pictures<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6b77\u53f2\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u601d\u8003\u6216\u8ac7\u8ad6\u4e00\u5f35\u5716\u7247\u4f5c\u70ba\u60c5\u5883\u610f\u5fd7\u6216\u610f\u5716\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u505a\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u201d \uff08 p v \uff09\u3002 \u201cPatterns of Intention<\/em>\u201d \u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u5c0d\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e2d\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u554f\u984c\u6700\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c16\u92b3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u8b80\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u8a18\u4f4f\uff0c Baxandall \u5f9e\u672a\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u89e3\u6c7a\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95dc\u6ce8\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5373\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u85dd\u8853\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u523b\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u90fd\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6a23\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPatterns of Intention<\/em>\u201d \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba Michael Baxandall \u7684\u5ba3\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u540d\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u85dd\u8853 \u201c\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55 inferential criticism\u201d \u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u3002 \u201c\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u201d \u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u5177\u6709 \u201c\u8996\u89ba\u611b\u597d visual interest\u201d \u7684\u6587\u7269 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u662f\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u7269\uff08\u6216\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u6c89\u7a4d\u7269\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff08 p 13 \uff09\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u662f\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002Baxandall \u5728\u5169\u7a2e\u85dd\u8853\u5beb\u4f5c\u4e4b\u9593\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5340\u5206\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u9010\u7b46\u6558\u8ff0\u756b\u5bb6\u5275\u4f5c\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5851\u9020\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u5177\u9ad4\u610f\u5716\u7684\u986f\u8457\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5beb\u4f5c\u3002\u85dd\u8853\u6279\u8a55\u4e0d\u80fd\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8a18\u9304\u4e00\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u91cd\u5efa\u4ee5 Piero della Francesca<\/a> \u7684 Baptism of Christ<\/a> \u7d50\u675f\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u52d5\u4f5c\u3001\u5c0d\u984f\u6599\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u64cd\u7e31\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u5ea6\u5c07\u5176\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u52d5\u4f5c\u201d \uff08 p 13 \uff09 \u3002\u4ed6\u5f8c\u4f86\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c[\u2026\u2026]\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u6558\u8ff0\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8a2d\u5b83\u201d \uff08 p 63 \uff09\u3002\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u9047\u5230\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6b63\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u63a8\u8ad6\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5f15\u8a00 \u201cLanguage and Explanation\u201d\uff08 pp 1-11 \uff09\u4e2d\uff0cMichael Baxandall \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u81e8\u5e8a\u7684\u5716\u7247\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u5305\u542b \u201c\u539f\u56e0\u8a5e cause words\u201d \uff08\u4f8b\u5982 \u201c\u653e\u5fc3\u8655\u7406 assured handling \u201d \uff08 p 6 \uff09\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8a5e\u5c07\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207\u5c0d\u6240\u898b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u8aaa Baptism of Christ<\/a> \u6709\u4e00\u500b \u201c\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08 firm design\u201d \u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c31\u5728\u542b\u84c4\u5730\u63a8\u65b7\u51fa\u9019\u5e45\u756b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff08 \u5373 \uff0c\u9019\u5e45\u756b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u662f\u5805\u5b9a\u7684\uff09\u3002Baxandall \u5728\u9019\u88cf\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u5c0d\u5716\u7247\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u65e6\u812b\u96e2\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u5c0d\u8c61\uff08 \u201c\u4eba\u5011\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u5716\u7247\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u201d \uff09\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 \u201cThe Language of Art History\uff081979\uff09<\/em>\u201d \u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e0a\u7684 \u201c\u522a\u9664\u201d \u6216\u63a8\u8ad6\u5305\u62ec \u201c\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u201d \u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u660e\u5c0d\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0cMichael Baxandall \u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u85dd\u8853\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u5b83\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u300c\u878d\u5165\u300d\u6211\u5011\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6279\u5224\u885d\u52d5\u662f\u7531\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u9a45\u52d5\u7684\uff1a\u5728\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u756b\u5bb6\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684 Pablo Picasso\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684 Piero della Francesca\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u6a4b\u6a11\u5efa\u9020\u8005 Benjamin Baker \uff09\u662f\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u8005\u3002\u5728\u5217\u8209\u4ed6\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u5047\u8a2d\u6642\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u4e4b\u524d \uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u4e0b Baxandall \u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Baxandall \u8ffd\u96a8\u00a0E.H. Gombrich<\/a>\u00a0( Nanyoung Kim\uff0c\u201cErnst H. Gombrich, Pictorial Representation, and Some Issues in Art Education<\/a> (2004)<\/em>\u201d ) \u548c Heinrich W\u00f6lfflin ( Heinrich Wolfflin\uff0c\u201cPrinciples of Art History (2012)<\/em><\/a>\u201d)\uff0c\u5c07\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u8996\u70ba\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u8005 \u3002 \uff08\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u8d0a\u6210\u9019\u7a2e\u53f2\u5b78\u524d\u63d0\uff1bArnold Hauser\u00a0\u5728 The Philosophy of Art History\u00a0<\/em><\/a>\uff08 p 144 \uff09\u4e2d\u6279\u8a55\u4e86\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\uff09\u5118\u7ba1\u8a31\u591a\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982 Pablo Picasso \uff0c\u5426\u8a8d\u4ed6\u5011\u9996\u5148\u662f\u88dd\u8154\u4f5c\u52e2\u8005\u548c Baxandall \u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u69cb\u5716\u554f\u984c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u63a8\u8ad6\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u597d\u8655\uff08\u4ed6\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u300c\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u8207\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u500b \u201c\u554f\u984c\u201d \u2014\u2014 \u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u3001\u5e7e\u4f55\u7684\u6216\u908f\u8f2f\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e8b\u614b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6210\u7acb\uff1a\u8981\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7d14\u7cb9\u7fd2\u6163\u6027\u6216\u7c21\u55ae\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u505a\u4e8b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u6db5\u7fa9\u3002\u4f46\u884c\u52d5\u8005\u548c\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u7684\u554f\u984c\u611f\u662f\u6709\u5340\u5225\u7684\u3002\u7576\u6f14\u54e1\u5728\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e00\u9805\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u60f3\u5230 \u201c\u554f\u984c\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5fc5\u9808\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u3002\u7576\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u89c0\u5bdf\u67d0\u4eba\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e26\u5e0c\u671b\u7406\u89e3\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u6703\u60f3\u5230 \u201c\u554f\u984c\u201d\uff1a \u201c\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c problem-solving\u201d \u662f\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u6240\u505a\u7684\u89e3\u91cb \uff08 p 69 \uff1b\u53e6\u898b pp 14-15 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86 Michael Baxandall \u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u8981\u9ede\u3002\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u6216\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u7121\u6cd5\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u6642\u6bcf\u523b\u7684\u601d\u8003\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u4e86\u89e3\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u984f\u6599\u5857\u62b9\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u3002\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u4ecb\u904e\u7a0b\u968e\u6bb5\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\u85dd\u8853\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u7531\u751a\u9ebc\u7d44\u6210\u5462\uff1f\u9019\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u5716\u7247\u88fd\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u610f\u5716\u6709\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\uff1f\u5728\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0 ( THE HISTORICAL OBJECT: BENJAMIN BAKER’S FORTH BRIDGE) \u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b \u201c\u4f4e\u800c\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7acb\u5834\u201d \uff1a \u201c\u91cd\u6f14\/\u73fe re-enact\u201d \u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u610f\u5716\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c07\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u610f\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba \u2014\u2014 \u4e00\u500b\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u9ad4\u73fe\uff08 p 34 \uff09\u3002\u70ba\u4e86 \u201c\u91cd\u6f14\/\u73fe\u201d \u4e00\u4ef6\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83 \u2014\u2014 \u5c07\u6587\u5b57\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u4e0a\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5728\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u4e0a \u201c\u79fb\u52d5\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5c07\u96c6\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u4e00\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u88fd\u9020\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u7406\u6027\u9032\u884c\u7c21\u5316\u91cd\u5efa\u201d\uff08 p 34 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Baxandall \u9996\u5148\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u61c9\u7528\u65bc Queensfery \u5927\u6a4b\u7684\u5efa\u8a2d\uff08\u7d04 1890 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5c07\u554f\u984c\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u5404\u500b\u8981\u7d20\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 \u201c\u6279\u8a55 Charge\u201d\uff08 \u201c\u904e\u6e21\uff01\/\u8de8\u8d8a\uff01Bridge!\u201d\uff09\u548c\u7531\u6b64\u7522\u751f\u7684 \u201c\u7c21\u793a Brief\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728 Benjamin Baker \u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c \u201c\u7c21\u793a Brief\u201d \u6307\u7684\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u65bc\u5730\u9ede\u548c\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u8a2d\u8005\u9762\u524d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Michael Baxandall \u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6a4b\u6a11\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u610f\u5716\u6642\u958b\u767c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u50cf Pablo Picasso \u7684 Portrait of Kahnweiler (1910) <\/a>\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u756b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Baxandall \u5f9e\u5177\u9ad4\u91cd\u5efa Benjamin Baker \u7684\u610f\u5716\u7684\u554f\u984c\u8f49\u5411\u4e86\u7528\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5be9\u8996 Pablo Picasso \u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u8a66\u5716\u5c07 \u201c\u91cd\u6f14\/\u73fe \u201d \u4e09\u89d2\u61c9\u7528\u65bc Pablo Picasso \u7684\u5169\u500b\u56f0\u96e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\uff09\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8096\u50cf\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5728\u5176\u968e\u6bb5\u65b9\u9762\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u6a4b\u6a11\u90a3\u6a23\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u6a4b\u6a11 (\u201c\u904e\u6e21\uff01\/\u8de8\u8d8a\uff01Bridge!\u201d) \u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u69cb\u601d\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u968e\u6bb5\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\uff09\u4e8b\u5be6\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5728 Benjamin Baker \u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u8ab0\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u6279\u8a55\u548c\u7c21\u793a \uff08\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u592a\u6e05\u695a\u8ab0\u5728\u8096\u50cf\u756b\u4e2d\u767c\u5e03\u4e86 Pablo Picasso \u7684\u6279\u8a55\u548c\u7c21\u793a \uff08 p 17 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\uff08 INTENTIONAL VISUAL INTEREST: PICASSO’S PORTRAIT OF KAHNWEILER \uff09\u900f\u904e\u653b\u64ca \u201c\u610f\u5716 intention\u201d \u9019\u500b\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u53f2\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002Michael Baxandall \u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u770b\u5f85\u610f\u5716\uff1a \u201c\u6211\u5728\u5b89\u6392\u6211\u7684\u9593\u63a5\u4e8b\u5be6\u6216\u5728 \u201c\u91cd\u6f14\/\u73fe\u201d \u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u4e0a\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u689d\u4ef6\u201d \uff08 p 41 \uff09\u3002 \u201c\u610f\u5716\u201d \u4e0d\u50c5\u5c6c\u65bc\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\uff1b\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u50b3\u8a18\u6982\u5ff5\u5be6\u9ad4\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u662f\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u4e0a\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u52de\u52d5\u4e2d\u5efa\u69cb\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u66f4\u597d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u63a8\u65b7\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u7a2e\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u9858\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\uff08\u5c31\u554f\u984c\u9673\u8ff0\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u800c\u8a00\uff09\u3001\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u74b0\u5883\u9019\u5c0d\u96d9\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u91cb Pablo Picasso \u7684\u756b\u4f5c\u6216\u9ad8\u9054\u7684\u96fb\u5f71\u6642\uff0c \u201c\u6279\u8a55 Charge\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u7528\u5462\uff1fMichael Baxandall \u627f\u8a8d\u7d66\u8996\u89ba\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8cbb\u7528\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u6a4b\u6a11\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u59cb\u7d42 \u201c\u904e\u6e21\uff01\/\u8de8\u8d8a\uff01Bridge!\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u756b\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u59cb\u7d42\u5275\u4f5c\u4e00\u5e45 \u201c\u6709\u610f\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u8208\u8da3\u201d \u7684\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u9019\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u547d\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Baxandall \u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u8996\u89ba\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u8cac\u4efb\u554f\u984c\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u610f\u7fa9\uff08 p 44 \uff09\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f Pablo Picasso \u7684 \u201c\u7c21\u793a\u201d \u3002\u7576\u958b\u59cb\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u63a8\u65b7 Pablo Picasso \u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\uff09\u8003\u616e\u4ed6\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u554f\u984c\uff08\u6216\u7c21\u793a\uff09\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u8981\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\uff09\u5728 2D \u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u8868\u793a 3D \u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\uff09\u5f62\u614b\u3001\u8272\u5f69\u554f\u984c\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\uff09\u627f\u8a8d\u4ed6\u7684\u63cf\u7e6a\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e0d\u662f\u77ac\u6642\u6216\u77ac\u9593\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u8207\u6240\u756b\u7269\u9ad4\/\u7d93\u9a57\u6301\u7e8c\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Baxandall \u63a5\u8457\u554f\u9053\uff1a\u201cPablo Picasso \u7684 \u201c\u7c21\u793a\u201d \u662f\u8ab0\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\uff1f\u201d \u7b54\u6848\u662f Pablo Picasso \u672c\u4eba\u3002 Pablo Picasso \u8207 Benjamin Baker \u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5169\u4eba\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684 \u201c\u7c21\u793a\u201d \u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u9078\u64c7\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u300d\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\uff0c\u95dc\u5fc3\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u98a8\u683c\uff09\uff0c\u4f46 Pablo Picasso \u66f4\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u9078\u64c7\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5982 Baxandall \u5728\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\u7b2c 4 \u7bc0 (The cultural painter: troc) \u4e2d\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0cPablo Picasso \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\u7b2c 4 \u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0cMichael Baxandall \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u85dd\u8853\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u8003\u616e\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u4e0d\u80fd\u5047\u8a2d\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8207\u524d\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u793e\u6703\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5e02\u5834\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u7269\u7269\u4ea4\u63db\u7cfb\u7d71\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u756b\u5bb6\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u4ee5\u7269\u6613\u7269\u8cbf\u6613\u5305\u62ec\u85dd\u8853\u5f62\u5f0f\u7b49\u7cbe\u795e\u5546\u54c1\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4ee5\u7269\u6613\u7269\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \u201ctroc\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\u7b2c 5 \u7bc0 (Picasso’s market: structural cues and choice) \u4e2d\uff0cBaxandall \u8f49\u5411\u4e86 Pablo Picasso \u201c\u4ea4\u6613\u201d \u7684\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\uff09\u6df7\u5408\u516c\u5171\u5c55\u89bd\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\uff09\u7d93\u92b7\u5546\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08 Pablo Picasso \u50cf Jean Sim\u00e9on Chardin \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u88fd\u4f5c\u73fe\u6210\u7684\u548c\u59d4\u8a17\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3\uff09\u6cd5\u570b\u6587\u5316\u65b0\u805e\u696d\u3002\u96d6\u7136 Pablo Picasso \u5e02\u5834\u7684\u8f2a\u5ed3\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u4f46 Baxandall \u8db3\u5920\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a Pablo Picasso \u5982\u4f55\u8207\u4e4b\u4e92\u52d5\uff08 p 53 \uff09\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u9078\u64c7\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u5730\uff0cPablo Picasso \u5c07\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8868\u683c\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff09\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u62d2\u7d55\u53c3\u52a0\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c99\u9f8d\uff08\u6211\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u53ea\u662f\u9806\u4fbf\u63d0\u53ca\u9019\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\uff09\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u8003\u616e\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u9019\u500b\u5e02\u5834\u4e92\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u9858\u958b\u59cb\u9032\u5165\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8996\u91ce\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u8a0e\u8ad6\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u662f\u5728\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c99\u9f8d\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u9818\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u5728\u7d93\u92b7\u5546\u9818\u57df\u66a2\u904a\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u624d\u662f\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d\uff08 p 56 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u4f7f\u5c0d Pablo Picasso \u8207\u5176\u5e02\u5834\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\u66f4\u52a0\u6e96\u78ba\uff0cMichael Baxandall \u8003\u616e\u4e86 Paul C\u00e9zanne <\/a>\u5c0d Pablo Picasso \u7684 \u201c\u5f71\u97ff\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u78ba\u5207\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c Pablo Picasso \u5c0d C\u00e9zanne \u5f62\u5f0f\u904a\u6232\u7684\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u5229\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\u7b2c 6 \u7bc0 \u201cExcursus against influence\u201d \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u649e\u7403\u684c\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8072\u7a31 C\u00e9zanne \u5f71\u97ff Pablo Picasso \u5c0d\u65bc\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u4f86\u8aaa\u985b\u5012\u4e86\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c Pablo Picasso \u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8996\u70ba \u201c\u6548\u4eff acted on\u201d  C\u00e9zanne \uff0c\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4ed6\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u3002 Pablo Picasso \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u88ab\u52d5\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f \u201c\u5c0d\u904e\u53bb\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8207\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u65b7\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6027\u683c\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u8655\u65bc\u7a4d\u6975\u548c\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u201d \uff08 p 62 \uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc Pablo Picasso\uff08\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\uff09\u8207\u4ed6\u6240\u8655\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6bd4\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0\uff08PICTURES AND IDEAS: CHARDIN’S A LADY TAKING TEA\uff09\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5373\u756b\u5bb6\uff08\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\u70ba Jean Sim\u00e9on Chardin<\/a> \u7684 A Lady Taking Tea<\/a> \u4e2d\u7684Chardin \uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\uff08 \u6216 \u201c\u8a8d\u77e5\u98a8\u683c\u201d \uff09\u3002Michael Baxandall \u5e0c\u671b\u907f\u514d\u90a3\u7a2e\u6a21\u7cca\u800c\u8f15\u9b06\u7684 \u201c\u89aa\u548c\u529b affinity\u201d \u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u8072\u7a31\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u671f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u54f2\u5b78\u6216\u79d1\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u6709 \u201c\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u4fc2 affinities\u201d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\u7684\u7d30\u7c92\u5ea6\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002Baxandall \u7684\u8a66\u91d1\u77f3\u662f\u9019\u500b\u6216\u90a3\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5426 \u201c\u5f71\u97ff\u3014\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u3015\u8207\u8868\u73fe\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u611f\u201d\uff08 p 75 \uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u6f84\u6e05\u8aaa\uff1a \u201c\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u54f2\u5b78\u5fc5\u9808\u76f8\u7576\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u6d89\u53ca\u8996\u89ba\u9ad4\u9a57\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u7269\u201d\uff08 p 77 \uff09\u3002\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8003\u616e\u793e\u6703\u4e8b\u5be6\u4f5c\u70ba\u7e6a\u756b\u98a8\u683c\u539f\u56e0\u7684 \u201c\u8981\u6c42 demands\u201d\uff08 p 77 \uff09\u3002\u5728 Chardin \u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u5149\u5b78\u5c08\u5bb6\u4e5f\u662f\u756b\u5bb6\uff08 p 89 \uff09\u4e26\u4e14\u8207 Chardin \u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u806f\u7e6b\uff08 p 92 \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cBaxandall \u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8a2d\u6cd5\u7528 \u201c\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5c08\u6ce8\u7db2\u7d61\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u6a21\u7cca\u7684 \u201c\u89aa\u548c\u529b\u201d\uff0c\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\uff08 p 103 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0 (TRUTH AND OTHER CULTURES: PIERO DELLA FRANCESCA’S BAPTISM OF CHRIST) \u4ee5\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\u958b\u59cb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\uff09\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u63a8\u8ad6\u5c6c\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u6216\u9059\u9060\u6642\u671f\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684 \u201c\u610f\u5716\u7d50\u69cb intentional fabric\u201d \uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\uff09\u6211\u5011\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u4e9b\u89e3\u91cb\u554f\u984c\uff0cMichael Baxandall \u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u8207\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u8ddd\u751a\u9060\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u2014\u2014 \u6bd4 Pablo Picasso \u548c Jean Sim\u00e9on Chardin \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u9084\u8981\u9059\u9060 \u2014\u2014 Piero della Francesca<\/a> \u7684 Baptism of Christ<\/a>\uff081425-1450 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Baxandall \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cPiero della Francesca<\/a> \u201c\u7c21\u793a\u201d \u8207 Pablo Picasso \u7684 \u201c\u7c21\u793a\u201d \u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff08\u6bcf\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u8207 Piero della Francesca \u6642\u4ee3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u72c0\u614b\u548c\u5e02\u5834\u6709\u95dc\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piero della Francesca \u756b\u756b\u8a02\u8cfc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u5e45\u756b\u7684\u689d\u6b3e\u5c07\u8a18\u9304\u5728\u5408\u7d04\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Piero della Francesca \u6839\u64da\u67d0\u4e9b\u901a\u7528\u689d\u4ef6\u9032\u884c\u7e6a\u756b\uff08\u5c31\u6d17\u79ae\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u796d\u58c7\u756b\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u63cf\u7e6a\u9019\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8056\u7d93\u60c5\u7bc0\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5fc5\u9808\u7531 Piero della Francesca \u55ae\u7368\u7e6a\u88fd – \u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u5728\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u898f\u5b9a\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Baxandall \u5c0d Piero della Francesca \u7684 \u201c\u7c21\u793a\u201d \uff08\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa Pablo Picasso \u7684\uff09\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0d\u610f\u5716\u6a21\u5f0f\u6301\u61f7\u7591\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u5fc5\u9b1a\u9eb5\u5c0d\u7684\u64d4\u6182\uff1aPiero della Francesca \u201c\u7c21\u793a\u201d \u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u8a66\u5716\u63a8\u65b7\u5177\u9ad4\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6642\u90a3\u9032\u5165\u6d17\u79ae\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f Baxandall \u5217\u51fa\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u9069\u7528\u65bc Andrea del Verrocchio<\/a> \u7684 Baptism of Christ\uff081425-1450 \uff09<\/a>\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8aa0\u7136\uff0cPiero della Francesca \u7684 \u201c\u7c21\u793a\u201d \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u5c07\u5176\u8207 Andrea del Verrocchio \u7684 \u201c\u7c21\u793a\u201d \u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff1a\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0cAndrea del Verrocchio \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u7368\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u9019\u5e45\u756b\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\u5408\u4f5c\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u6700\u5de6\u908a\u7684\u91d1\u9aee\u5929\u4f7f\u548c\u98a8\u666f\u662f\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u9054\u6587\u897f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1b\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5c07\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5929\u4f7f\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u5e74\u8f15\u7684 Sandro Botticelli<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u6b77\u53f2\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u5c0d Michael Baxandall \u6e05\u55ae\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6027\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u91cb\u5169\u4f4d\u756b\u5bb6\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff08\u76f8\u540c\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u5408\u540c\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d17\u79ae\u63cf\u7e6a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff1f \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u9019\u88cf\u63a8\u65b7\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6982\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e0d\u662f Pablo Picasso \u8207 Piero della Francesca \uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5169\u500b\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc \u201c\u7c21\u793a\u201d \u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u6703\u6e1b\u5f31\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u662f\uff0cMichael Baxandall \u5728 \u201cPatterns of Intention<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f \u201c\u63a8\u8ad6\u201d \u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u8981\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5 \uff0c\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u4f86\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5169\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u6642\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u529b\u91cf \u2014\u2014 \u5169\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u8981\u3002\u4e5f\u8a31 Baxandall \u6703\u56de\u7b54\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5c0d\u5169\u4ef6\u7576\u4ee3\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u9593\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u8003\u616e\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ab0\u662f\u8b9a\u52a9\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u8981\u6c42\u55ce\uff1f\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u78ba\u5be6\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6982\u8981\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u554f\u984c\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6e05\u55ae\u3002\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u80af\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\u548c\u91cd\u758a\u6027\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u7c21\u793a\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5167\u5bb9\u8b8a\u5f97\u5e73\u5eb8\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u6216\u5b8c\u5584\u5b83\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u5169\u500b\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6487\u958b\u9019\u4e00\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff0cMichael Baxandall \u56de\u5230\u4e86\u300c\u6587\u5316\u300d\u7684\u7dca\u8feb\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00 \u2014\u2014 \u5373\u5b83\u5728\u89e3\u91cb\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7279\u5fb5\u65b9\u9762\u80fd\u5920\u6216\u61c9\u8a72\u767c\u63ee\u751a\u9ebc\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u56e0\u70ba Baxandall \u5e0c\u671b\u907f\u514d\u9677\u5165\u6240\u8b02\u7684 \u201c\u53cd\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9 reflectionism\u201d  \u6216\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684 \u201c\u89aa\u548c\u529b\u201d  \u7684\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u5c0d\u53c3\u8207\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u50cf\u91ab\u5b78\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8077\u696d\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f\u91ab\u5b78\u79d1\u5b78\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u91ab\u5b78\u79d1\u5b78\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u8ce6\u4e88\u90e8\u5206\u6c11\u773e\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u6280\u80fd\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u88fd\u4f5c\u6216\u8996\u89ba\u611f\u77e5\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u60f3\u8003\u616e\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a13\u7df4\u793e\u6703\u8207\u89c0\u770b\u7e6a\u756b\u7d93\u9a57\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5728 15 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u6388\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5546\u696d\u6578\u5b78\uff08 p 107 \uff09\uff0cPiero della Francesca \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u756b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5275\u9020\u6027\u5730\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff1a\u9019\u96e3\u9053\u4e0d\u6703\u8b93 Michael Baxandall \u7684 Piero della Francesca \u4f8b\u5b50\u8b8a\u5f97\u6709\u9ede\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u55ce\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u9019\u4f4d\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4ed6\u9084\u6703\u5f15\u7528\u6578\u5b78\u6280\u5de7\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7e6a\u756b\u55ce\uff1f\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u8996\u89ba\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u64c1\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u4f86\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u505a\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u5de5\u4f5c\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u6b63\u662f Baxandall \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u9664\u975e\u806f\u7e6b\u76f8\u5c0d\u76f4\u63a5\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u4e0d\u61c9\u547c\u53eb\u6b64\u985e\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u6216\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ea\u8003\u616e\u90a3\u4e9b\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u8996\u89ba\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8da8\u52e2\uff1fMichael Baxandall \u900f\u904e\u8003\u616e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0d\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e0d\u592a \u201c\u8996\u89ba visual\u201d\u3001\u66f4 \u201c\u5916\u5728 external\u201d \u4f46\u8207 \u201c \u5716\u50cf\u53cd\u601d reflection on pictures\u201d \u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u4ed6\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u7406\u8ad6\uff08 p 108 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u8868\u660e\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u616e\u5169\u5957\u89c0\u770b\u8005\u6280\u80fd\uff08\u5728\u63a8\u65b7\u5716\u7247\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6642\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\uff09\u8996\u89ba\u6280\u80fd\u548c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\uff09\u5916\u90e8\u300c\u667a\u529b intellectual\u300d\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c31 Piero della Francesca \u800c\u8a00\uff0c2\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f 15 \u4e16\u7d00\u4eba\u5011\u89e3\u91cb\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373 \u201c\u6709\u6548\u548c\u6700\u7d42\u539f\u56e0\u201d \u3002\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8003\u616e Piero della Francesca \u6d17\u79ae\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1a\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5ba2\u6236\u6703\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6bd4\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u66f4\u7a4d\u6975\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u756b\u9762\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u5916\u89c0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u53c3\u8207\u5716\u7247\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u975e\u85dd\u8853\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u529b\u627f\u8afe\u662f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Baxandall \u63a5\u8457\u554f\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u8996\u89ba\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u91cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u767c\u63ee\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f46\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6a5f\u5236\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u97ff\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u7684\u610f\u5716\uff1f\u4ed6\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff08 pp 109-111 \uff09\u4ee4\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5426\u8a8d\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\uff08\u5373\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\uff09\u6216\u53c3\u8207\u8005\uff08\u5373\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\uff09\u64c1\u6709\u7279\u6b0a\u8996\u89d2\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cBaxandall \u5728\u9019\u88cf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\uff08\u4ed6\u5011\u518d\u6b21\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5c\u54c1\u8996\u89ba\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f86\u63d0\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u554f\u984c\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff09\u61c9\u8a72\u62d2\u7d55\u5169\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1\uff09\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5176\u85dd\u8853\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u4ef6\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08\u4e26\u4e14\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u8d77\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5982 Piero della Francesca \u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6578\u5b78\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2\uff09\u76f8\u4fe1\u6587\u5316\u7e3d\u662f\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u91cb\u7121\u95dc\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cBaxandall \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u8b58\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u548c\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u512a\u9ede\u548c\u7f3a\u9ede\uff08 \u9019\u5c0d\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u6b77\u53f2\u73fe\u50cf\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u8005\u548c\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u88fd\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6709\u5229\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6216\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u3002\u7167\u7406\u8aaa\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u6587\u5316\u300d\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5169\u8005\uff1b\u6709\u6642\u6587\u5316\u6703\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u91cb\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5247\u4e0d\u6703\u3002\u4f46\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u80fd\u5148\u9a57\u5730\u6c7a\u5b9a\u2500\u2500\u5373\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u4f5c\u54c1\u8996\u89ba\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Baxandall \u5728\u7b2c 4 \u7ae0\u7b2c 5 \u7bc0 (Truth and validation: external decorum, internal decorum and positive parsimony) \u4e2d\u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u8a3b\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u53bb\u6642\uff0c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u2500\u2500\u6211\u5011\u6839\u672c\u7121\u6cd5\u51fa\u53bb\u6aa2\u8996\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u62cb\u68c4\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u91cb\u61c9\u8a72\u5177\u6709\u9810\u6e2c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8003\u616e\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u91cb\u54f2\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u9a57\u8b49\u5de5\u5177\uff08 p 119 \uff09\u3002\u4e09\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6700\u76f8\u95dc\uff1a\u5167\u5728\u79ae\u5100\u3001\u5916\u5728\u79ae\u5100\u548c\u7c21\u7d04\uff08pp 120-1 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u662f \u201c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u201d \u3002\u5766\u767d\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u9019\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4ef6\u500b\u4eba\u4f5c\u54c1\u6642\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Albert Gleizes<\/a> \u7684 The Schoolboy ( L’\u00e9colier) 1924\uff09<\/a>\uff0c\u8072\u7a31\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff09\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u932f\u8aa4\u5730\u5c07\u7537\u5b69\u7684\u53f3\u624b\u62c7\u6307\u653e\u5728\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff08\u4f5c\u70ba\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\uff09\u5728\u4f5c\u54c1\u80cc\u5f8c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8207\u69cb\u6210\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6c7a\u5b9a\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4f86\u904b\u4f5c \u2014\u2014 \u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u7d44\u5408\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u7d44\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5426\u5247\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5c07\u7121\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u9032\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u610f\u5716\u6a21\u5f0f\u6642\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u4e86\u683c\u96f7\u8332\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8096\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u9700\u8981\u5c07\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u62c7\u6307\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u592a\u6210\u529f\u6216\u4e0d\u592a\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u6839\u64da\u6211\u5728\u7269\u9ad4\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4f86\u63a8\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u7d44\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\uff08\u5728\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff09\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5c0d Albert Gleizes \u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\u5c07 The Schoolboy (L’\u00e9colier)\uff081924\uff09<\/a> \u8996\u70ba\u89e3\u6c7a \u201c\u62c7\u6307\u653e\u7f6e thumb-placement\u201d \u554f\u984c\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5617\u8a66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c07\u4f5c\u54c1\u8996\u70ba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b8c\u5168\u9023\u8cab\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5177\u5099\u9023\u8cab\u6027\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Baxandall \u900f\u904e\u8b49\u660e \u201c\u7d71\u4e00\u6027 unity\u201d \u6216 \u201c\u5167\u90e8\u9023\u8cab\u6027 internal coherence\u201d \u4e0d\u5fc5\u55ae\u7368\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u55ae\u4e00\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08 p 121 \uff09\u4f86\u9810\u898b\u9019\u7a2e\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u3002\u900f\u904e\u8072\u7a31 Albert Gleizes \u5931\u8aa4\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a \u201c\u62c7\u6307\u653e\u7f6e\u201d \u554f\u984c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86Baxandall \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c\u6709\u610f\u7684\u7d71\u4e00 intentional unity\u201d \uff08 p 121 \uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba Gleizes \u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u64da\u8aaa\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u6216\u6210\u529f\u7684 \u3002\u5167\u90e8\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6574\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u52aa\u529b\u6216\u5617\u8a66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\uff0cBaxandall \u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e3b\u8981\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u5716\u7247\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u70ba\u5c6c\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u9577\u671f\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5716\u7247\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7a0d\u5fae\u4fee\u6539\u4ed6\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u624d\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u7dda\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u65bc\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u6a19\u6e96 \u2014\u2014 \u5982\u679c\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u4fdd\u6301\u7bc0\u5109\u4e26\u4e14\u53ea\u8003\u616e \u201c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5c07\u5716\u7247\u4f5c\u70ba\u8996\u89ba\u611f\u77e5\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u201d \u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u5c07\u66f4\u6709\u6548 \u2014\u2014 Michael Baxandall \u53ef\u80fd\uff08\u4e26\u4e14\u61c9\u8a72\uff09 \uff09\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u5c0d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7c21\u7d04\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53d7\u5230 Baxandall \u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u4e0a\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u8996\u89ba\u4e0a\uff09\u6709\u8da3\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u624d\u503c\u5f97\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u672c\u66f8\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u524d\u63d0\u5f9e\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u5be9\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8072\u7a31\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u56e0\u5404\u7a2e\u975e\u8996\u89ba\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u6216\u512a\u5148\u8003\u616e\u5176\u4ed6\u85dd\u8853\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff09\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u722d\u8b70\uff1a\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u795e\u8a71\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7b49\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u9298\u6587\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5e38\u5e38\u5c07\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u8996\u70ba\u795e\u8a71\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u9a57\u3002\u9019\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc\u85dd\u8853\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff08\u610f\u7fa9\uff09\u7684\u975e\u8996\u89ba\u5047\u8a2d\u4e5f\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5e02\u5834\u3001\u54c1\u5473\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5f71\u97ff\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u975e\u8996\u89ba\u548c\u8996\u89ba\u8208\u8da3\u4e00\u6a23\u5851\u9020\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u6558\u4e8b\u548c\u4e3b\u984c\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cMichael Baxandall \u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\uff1a\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u548c\u975e\u8996\u89ba\u8208\u8da3\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5171\u5b58\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u76f8\u4e92\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u4e2d \u2014\u2014 \u5728\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u667a\u529b\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df \u2014\u2014 \u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c07\u8996\u89ba\u8208\u8da3\u6298\u758a\u5230\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u8996\u89ba\u8208\u8da3\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u5c07\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u8996\u89ba\u8208\u8da3\u6298\u758a\u8d77\u4f86\uff09\u4e4b\u9593\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u7dca\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5982\u679c\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6216\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u5c31\u6703\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\u4e26\u7a0d\u5fae\u8f49\u79fb\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\uff1aMichael Baxandall \u672a\u80fd\u8003\u616e\u8996\u89ba\u548c\u975e\u8996\u89ba\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ed6\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u6279\u8a55\u4e2d\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7c21\u7d04\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u6642\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5c0d\u85dd\u8853\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u885d\u7a81\u7684\uff09\u6709\u6548\u6279\u8a55\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6216\u61c9\u8a72\u8a18\u9304\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u610f\u5716\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7e3d\u62ec\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u6aa2\u67e5\u5716\u50cf\uff1a\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\u9084\u662f\u611f\u5b98\u8a18\u61b6\u3002Michael Baxandall \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c \u201cPatterns of Intention: On the Historical Explanation of Pictures<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u5c07\u5716\u50cf\u5efa\u7acb\u70ba\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u548c\u89c0\u773e\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u6216\u7269\u7269\u4ea4\u63db \uff0c\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u66f4\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u4e3b\u8981\u900f\u904e\u8996\u89ba\u9ad4\u9a57\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u85dd\u8853\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u6bd4\u8f03\u3001\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e26\u65e8\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u610f\u5716\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b0a\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u88fd\u4f5c\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u89c0\u773e\u7372\u5f97\u5716\u50cf\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\uff1a\u89c0\u770b\u8207\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u770b\u898b\u8005\u8207\u88ab\u770b\u898b\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michael Baxandall \u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u85dd\u8853\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u4e26\u6b23\u8cde\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\u3002\u5728\u5c0d 1735 \u5e74 Jean Sim\u00e9on Chardin<\/a> \u7684 A Lady Taking Tea<\/a> \u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0cBaxandall \u8981\u6c42\u89c0\u773e\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u8a72\u5716\u50cf\u5275\u4f5c\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u7684 18 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u3002\u900f\u904e\u6aa2\u8996\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5716\u50cf\u88fd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207 Chardin \u7684\u524d\u8f29\u548c\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba\uff08\u5982 Locke\u3001Newton\u3001Descartes\u3001Camper \u548c Le Hire\uff09\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u5728 Baxandall \u900f\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u5b57\u9023\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u8b58\u5225\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u5716\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u89e3\u69cb\u4e86\u4f5c\u54c1\u900f\u904e\u8996\u89ba\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u5982 Locke \u548c Newton \u7684\u8996\u89ba\u611f\u77e5\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u9ad4\u73fe\u5728 Chardin \u5c0d\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u3001\u8272\u5f69\u548c\u69cb\u5716\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0cMichael Baxandall \u5c07\u8a31\u591a\u8208\u8da3\u9ede\u5efa\u69cb\u6210\u6709\u95dc\u7279\u5b9a\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\u7684\u8f03\u5927\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e0b\u7684\u5b50\u7ae0\u7bc0\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8a31\u6b77\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u958b\u59cb\u52a0\u8d77\u4f86\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u7ae0\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u7531 Baxandall \u5f15\u7528\u548c\u5957\u7528\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8853\u6587\u672c\u3001\u8b1b\u5ea7\u3001\u5716\u50cf\u548c\u7269\u54c1\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u5c0d\u76f8\u95dc\u7e6a\u756b\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5316\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03 Clement Greenberg \u548c Michael Baxandall \u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u539f\u56e0 (Richard Shone & John-Paul Stonard\uff0c \u201cThe Books That Shaped Art History: From Gombrich and Greenberg to Alpers and Krauss (2013)<\/em><\/a>\u201d )\uff1aGreenberg \u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9020\u578b\u89aa\u548c\u529b\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u64c1\u8b77\u8005 \uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u6ce8\u6548\u679c\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u800c Baxandall \u5247\u4e3b\u5f35\u5c0d\u5716\u50cf\u9032\u884c\u63a8\u8ad6\u6027\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u89e3\u69cb\uff0c\u5be9\u8996\u88fd\u4f5c\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u5b83\u4e26\u7814\u7a76\u85dd\u8853\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u6aa2\u8996\u4f5c\u8005\u70ba\u634d\u885b\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u986f\u73fe\u3002Greenberg \u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u7684\u662f\u85dd\u8853\u672c\u8eab \uff0c\u6216\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e26\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u5c0d\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u610f\u5716\u548c\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u6548\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cBaxandall \u5c07\u8996\u91ce\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u5f71\u97ff\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5c07\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u4ea4\u7d66\u89c0\u773e \uff0c\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u70ba\u4e86 \u201c\u5f9e\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u89aa\u548c\u529b\u8f49\u5411\u5177\u6709\u6279\u5224\u6027\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u6771\u897f\u201d (p 75 )\uff0cBaxandall \u8981\u6c42\u89c0\u773e\u4e0d\u50c5\u8981\u770b\u5230\u85dd\u8853\u5716\u50cf\u5c0d\u6bd4\u8f03\u8996\u89ba\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u6216\u5716\u50cf\u53c3\u8003 \uff0c\u9084\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u53c3\u8003\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b Michael Baxandall \u6587\u672c\u7684\u6a19\u984c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u6211\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u770b\u5230\u610f\u5716\u7684 \u201c\u6a21\u5f0f \u2018patterns\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u8b49\u64da\uff1bBaxandall \u63a8\u6e2c\u610f\u5716\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u6709\u8457\u5343\u7d72\u842c\u7e37\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0b\u6c42\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u7e6b \u2014\u2014 \u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6b77\u53f2\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u53ea\u662f \u201c\u89e3\u91cb\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5224\u65b7\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u5b9a\u7fa9 \u3002Baxandall \u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u85dd\u8853\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5805\u5be6\u7684\u8ad6\u64da\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u9019\u672c\u66f8 \u201cPatterns of Intention: On the Historical Explanation of Pictures\u201d \u662f\u5c0d\u7e6a\u756b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u63a2\u7a76 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u5c0b\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u89c0\u770b\u4e00\u5e45\u756b\u6642\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u662f\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6216\u4f86\u81ea\u8207\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u3002Michael Baxandall \u9996\u5148\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\u89e3\u91cb\u5177\u9ad4\u6b77\u53f2\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6587\u7269\uff08 \u4f8b\u5982\u8607\u683c\u862d\u7684 Forth \u00a0\u6a4b \uff09\u70ba\u4f8b\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6848\u5982\u4f55\u9069\u61c9\u5c0d\u5716\u7247\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u6216\u63a8\u8ad6\u6279\u8a55\u3002Baxandall \u8a73\u7d30\u5206\u6790\u4e86 Pablo Picasso \u7684 Portrait of Kahnweiler\u3001Jean Sim\u00e9on\u00a0Chardin \u7684 A Lady Taking Tea \u548c Piero della Francesca \u7684 Baptism of Christ\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3001\u4ed6\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u751a\u9ebc\u548c\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u751a\u9ebc\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3001\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5e02\u5834\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4ed6\u5f9e\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u4ed6\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u756b\u5bb6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u6216\u79d1\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u904b\u7528\u3002Baxandall … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2pH","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9281","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9281"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9281\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9282,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9281\/revisions\/9282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9281"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9281"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9281"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}