{"id":9298,"date":"2024-08-19T04:33:48","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T04:33:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9298"},"modified":"2024-08-19T04:33:52","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T04:33:52","slug":"hegels-world-revolutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/08\/19\/hegels-world-revolutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Hegel\u2019s World Revolutions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u83ef\u4eba\u5b78\u754c\u4e2d\u5927\u67e2\u56e0\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u72c0\u51b5\u800c\u5c07\u4e00\u5207\u76f2\u76ee\u6b78\u7f6a\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u3001\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u7f6a\u8cac\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u61c9\u64c1\u62b1\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u61c9\u8a72\u653e\u68c4\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u5374\u5947\u602a\u7684\u6703\u64c1\u62b1\u4e0a\u4e0a\u81f3 Aristotle \u4e0b\u81f3 Karl Marx \u7684\u897f\u65b9\u50b3\u7d71\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b (\u4e2d\u897f) \u50b3\u7d71\u591a\u5c11\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u504f\u5411\u5230\u5e95\u4e86\u89e3\u591a\u5c11\u5374\u4ee4\u4eba\u7591\u60d1\u53ca\u6709\u6240\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0d G.W.F. Hegel\u3002G.W.F. Hegel\u00a0\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 \u3002\u5f9e\u90a3\u6642\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c31\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u7f8e\u5b78\u548c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u662f\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5728 \u2018\u2018<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Hegels-World-Revolutions-Richard-Bourke\/dp\/0691250189\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3NZR6I82THQ1D&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.Bfkfk-vd_0uC9TVBptYpqxLhTS3mbGEMOtO5F7T1OoQjAjknYBxtEDHewIdEx7y_TU9yGlmto-VNyhaOivIwnVLYETyKx5RCh7vQL3r_84vtZjX1xQKvSId4xC-loOHaUF3GTIrsuGJz7ipf6OUq6uBzm2eMO8TbfCQKnVtOX26N8aFWb2ZD3zgIajuUl2qeh1yBC-_bQ6pb3iPjJUxAXV_DykpjjlBDzXrtu3JOX39KIL1tOfQgTlX0TYQBLKMeCCpx4I-eEF67NPusgI-A3wrtWONSWJicOt1dp85LwKU.695AOgv9jV3smbP9fKE-7nvYxWfiKEPhDVml98xPxc0&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Hegel%E2%80%99s+World+Revolutions&amp;qid=1724041975&amp;sprefix=hegel+s+world+revolutions%2Caps%2C611&amp;sr=8-1\">Hegel\u2019s World Revolutions<\/a><\/em>\u2019\u2019 \u4e2d\uff0cRichard Bourke \u56de\u6b78\u4e86 Hegel \u6700\u521d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002Bourke \u8868\u660e\uff0cHegel \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4ed6\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5256\u6790\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u8072\u7a31\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u662f\u5c0d\u670d\u5f9e\u7684\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u91cb\u653e\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u6027\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002Bourke \u900f\u904e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u9019\u500b\u56f0\u5883\uff0cHegel \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u548c\u61b2\u653f\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Richard Bourke \u89e3\u91cb\u4e86 Hegel \u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u7f6e\u65bc\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86 Hegel \u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u6230\u5f8c\u5c0d Hegel \u7684\u53cd\u6297\uff0cBourke \u8a8d\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d Hegel \u7684\u8cb6\u4f4e\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5f97\u8ca7\u4e4f\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u5f9e Heidegger&nbsp;\u548c Karl Popper \u5230 L\u00e9vi-Strauss \u548c Foucault \u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u5c45\u9ad8\u81e8\u4e0b\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u89c0\u5ff5\u8207\u7576\u524d\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u81ea\u5f9e\u8fd1\u5169\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\u53bb\u4e16\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 G.W.F. Hegel \u7684\u8072\u8b7d\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6b63\u9762\u548c\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u50f9\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u9f0e\u76db\u6642\u671f\uff0cHegel \u65e2\u662f\u666e\u9b6f\u58eb\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u5de6\u6d3e\u7684\u9748\u611f\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u5de6\u6d3e Hegel \u6d3e\uff0c\u5373\u53d7\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u8005\u555f\u767c\u7684\u53cd\u7368\u88c1\u6d3e\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba Hegel \u54f2\u5b78\u662f\u5c0d\u53f3\u6d3e Hegel \u6d3e\u6240\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u539f\u5247\u7684\u653b\u64ca\uff1a\u5e02\u5834\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u7576 Karl Marx \u958b\u59cb\u767c\u5c55\u53d7Hegel \u555f\u767c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u4f4d\u5049\u5927\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5df2\u88ab\u5f8c\u4eba\u62cb\u68c4\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u300c\u6b7b\u72d7\u300d\u5c0d\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u70ba\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2 Hegel \u71b1\u6f6e\u6f86\u4e86\u4e00\u76c6\u51b7\u6c34\u3002\u5de6\u6d3e\u548c\u53f3\u6d3e\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u90fd\u6307\u8cac \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Georg-Wilhelm-Friedrich-Hegel-Phenomenology\/dp\/1108730086\/ref=sr_1_3?crid=3UJXBRTEQ6JF9&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.n8gn_s4h2h_e4xb0xZr_u9IbBiwuwR-E5vfdNAiOUXeTgORGTXUk1yVG0XDwofCmCZEwwJARLG9x5c84tIzs_EJKKCfQIEiKnaiO115xNpoB-zxqEwXGv9V08QcFOK_4t1gEr8kuK0ixIhU_b2kq0O5QNkrG8RWLpSUiXtpC-kIXAl3_RF9IJreKrDRPGFyocFTdrX1XMfHU_Sc43y9hYV3fwLO2rfhPDNPbEAU3B-Oo1oSUqjx_LG_nYk6yxZuaZKyJP-dFi7eO0M_qeyQzVtVEQGWNRN8HXbcZMYR6v14.-Ggx6ymogBgZIFgLbRNflBnlFug4l2ebLT4wWenJHxQ&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Phenomenology+of+Spirit&amp;qid=1724042000&amp;sprefix=phenomenology+of+spirit%2Caps%2C439&amp;sr=8-3\">Phenomenology of Spirit<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6975\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u54c0\u5606\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u6a02\u89c0\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u5169\u6b21\u5049\u5927\u6230\u722d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6050\u6016\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u627f\u8afe\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7ad9\u4e0d\u4f4f\u8173\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u524d\u7576\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u53cd\u5efa\u5236\u8a00\u8ad6\u7684\u6c3e\u6feb\u80fd\u5426\u63a8\u52d5\u6211\u5011\u8d70\u5411\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u516c\u773e\u5546\u8b70\u548c\u96c6\u9ad4\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002Richard Bourke \u8a66\u5716\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u91cd\u5efa\u662f\u9019\u9805\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8072\u7a31\u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u8996 Hegel \u6b77\u53f2\u54f2\u5b78\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u95e1\u660e\u4e26\u66f4\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u5730\u56de\u61c9\u7576\u524d\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u3002\u8003\u616e\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4ed6\u900f\u904e\u5e7e\u6b21 \u2018\u2018\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d world revolutions\u2019\u2019 ( p xiii ) \u7684\u8996\u89d2\u91cd\u65b0\u5efa\u69cb\u4e86 Hegel \u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u898b\u89e3\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u5b83\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u56de\u61c9\u5176\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u524d\u5169\u90e8\u5206 (The Kantian Revolution &amp; Hegel and the French Revolution) \u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86Hegel \u89e3\u91cb\u67d0\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u3002Richard Bourke \u76f8\u7576\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 \u201c\u9769\u547d revolution\u201d \u4e00\u8a5e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u3001\u555f\u8499\u904b\u52d5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u5c01\u5efa\u541b\u4e3b\u88fd\u5230\u61b2\u653f\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8f49\u8b8a\u90fd\u5728 \u2018\u2018\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u2019\u2019 \u7684\u6a19\u984c\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u63a2\u8a0e\uff1a\u9769\u547d\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u3002\u66e0\u65e5\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff1f\u5091\u51fa\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u5851\u9020\u9019\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5404\u81ea\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u8ca2\u737b\uff1f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u6279\u5224\u6027\u4f46\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4f86\u5e36\u4f86\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8b8a\u9769\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u760b\u72c2\u5730\u7834\u58de\u65e2\u5b9a\u79e9\u5e8f\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hegel \u5c0d\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed6 1790 \u5e74\u4ee3\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u795e\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8036\u7a4c\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6b77\u53f2\u3002Richard Bourke \u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 Hegel \u5728\u4ed6\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5f62\u6210\u6642\u671f\u70ba\u63ed\u793a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u542b\u7fa9\u53ca\u5176\u96a8\u5f8c\u8150\u6557\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u505a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u982d\u8166\u4e2d\u8207 Kant \u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u767c\u8d77\u7684 \u201c\u9769\u547d\u201d \u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u63a5\u89f8\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u662f Hegel \u9032\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u89e3\u91cb\u6cd5\u570b\u540c\u6642\u767c\u751f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52d5\u4e82\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Richard Bourke \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cHegel \u8f49\u5411\u6b77\u53f2\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u662f Kant \u7684\u907a\u7522\uff08 p 80 \uff09\u3002\u89e3\u8b80Hegel \u201c<em>Phenomenology of Spirit<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u9748\u7684 Kant \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5316 \uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c07\u5176\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u53f2\u3002\u5728 Kant \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u73fe\u8c61\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u7531\u6d3b\u8e8d\u4f46\u975e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5fc3\u9748\u7d50\u69cb\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u7d93\u9a57\u8cc7\u6599\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002Hegel \u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u5148\u9a57\u7d50\u69cb\u7f6e\u65bc\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u591a\u7a2e \u201c\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u5f0f forms of consciousness\u201d\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u7fd2\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6f14\u8b8a\u3002Bourke \u900f\u904e\u89e3\u91cb Hegel \u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u5f4c\u88dc Kant \u5c0d\u9769\u547d\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\u9032\u6b65\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u5dee\u8ddd\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u4ed6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c0d Kant \u548c Hegel \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u6bd4\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7d30\u5fae\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f37\u8abf Kant \u548c Hegel \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u70ba Richard Bourke \u900f\u904e\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9769\u547d\u5931\u6557\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5f97\u51faHegel \u5f0f\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u8b8a\u9769\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\uff08 p 26 \uff09\u3002Bourke \u7b46\u4e0b\u7684 Hegel \u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5e74\u8f15\u6642\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u71b1\u60c5\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8005\uff08 pp 115-119 \uff0cp 156 \uff09\u3002\u78ba\u5be6\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684 Hegel \u6b77\u53f2\u9ad4\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u9769\u547d\u90fd\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u9081\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8ca2\u737b\uff08 p xi \uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u9769\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u5931\u6557\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u7121\u6cd5\u514c\u73fe\u6700\u521d\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6700\u7d42\u5d29\u6f70\u56de\u5230\u5b83\u5728\u7336\u592a\u6559\u4e2d\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u505a\u6cd5\uff08 p 87 \uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u5247\u9000\u5316\u70ba \u201c\u7834\u58de\u7684\u72c2\u6012 fury of destruction\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c07\u5176\u627f\u8afe\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff08 p xiii \uff09\u3002Bourke \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u5931\u6557\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8207\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u8a08\u756b\u505a\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\u540c\u6a23\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0dHegel \u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0b\u6c42\u6301\u4e45\u653f\u6cbb\u8b8a\u9769\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6311\u6230\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u900f\u904e\u8a34\u8af8\u7576\u524d\u73fe\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u904e\u53bb\u6b77\u53f2\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ee5\u6539\u9769\u73fe\u72c0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8abf\u548c\u6279\u8a55\u8207\u5305\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u6210\u679c\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u88fd\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u9328\u5b9a\u4e26\u5145\u6eff\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206 (The History of Political&nbsp;Thought) \u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u5c0d Hegel \u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u7531\u65bc\u7bc7\u5e45\u9650\u5236\uff0cRichard Bourke \u6545\u610f\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u5c0d Hegel \u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff08 p xvi \uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u4ed4\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6 Hegel \u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u6b50\u9678\u548c\u76ce\u683c\u9b6f\u6492\u514b\u905c\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u904b\u6642\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u4e0d\u88ab\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5ee3\u5ea6\u6240\u6298\u670d\u3002\u63a8\u52d5\u9019\u6bb5\u63a5\u53d7\u53f2\u7684\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u4ee5\u904e\u53bb\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u7576\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u3002Bourke \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u9075\u5faa Hegel \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0cHegel \u5f37\u8abf\u5c07\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7f6e\u65bc\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5c07\u53e4\u4ee3\u7406\u60f3\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u8868\u793a\u61f7\u7591\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1 Bourke \u5145\u5206\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230 Hegel \u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u540c\u4ee3\u4eba\uff08 p 24 \uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8907\u8208\u662f\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u5728\u61c9\u5c0d\u56e0\u4e0d\u6eff\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u8208\u8d77\u800c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u95dc\u65bc Hegel \u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5176\u9918\u90e8\u5206\u812b\u7bc0\u3002\u7136\u800c \uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u7d42\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d Hegel \u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002Richard Bourke \u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u89c0\u5bdf\u5f9e Nietzsche \u5230 Foucault \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u50b3\u7d71\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u986f\u8457\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u800c\u958b\u555f\u4e86 \u2018\u2018<em>Hegel\u2019s World Revolutions<\/em>\u2019\u2019 \u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u4ed6\u611f\u5606\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u524d\u9032\u4e2d\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u7684 \u2018\u2018\u4f86\u4e4b\u4e0d\u6613\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u2019\u2019 \uff08 p ix \uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7406\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u88ab\u8b74\u8cac\u70ba\u5f37\u5236\u3001\u7d71\u6cbb\u3001\u6392\u65a5\u548c\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8207\u9019\u7a2e \u2018\u2018\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u6642\u5c1a\u2019\u2019 \uff08 p ix \uff09\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07 Hegel \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e26\u5217\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5373 \u2018\u2018\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4ecd\u7136\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u660e\u986f\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u2019\u2019 \uff08 pp ix-x \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728 Bourke \u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u5c0d Hegel \u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u9032\u884c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u8996\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u670d\u52d9\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u7e3d\u9ad4\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5373\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u8da8\u52e2\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u614b\u5ea6\u65e8\u5728\u900f\u904e\u627f\u8a8d Hegel \u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f86\u7cfe\u6b63\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u516c\u7fa9\uff08 p 22 \uff09\u3002Bourke \u900f\u904e Heidegger\u3001Adorno \u548c Popper \u5c0d\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u2018\u2018\u53cd\u5c0d Hegel \u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8f49\u5411\u2019\u2019 \uff08 p xvi \uff09\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u50f9\u5c31\u4f4d\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u52d5\u6a5f\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u7684 \u2018\u2018\u652f\u6301 for\u2019\u2019 \u6216 \u2018\u2018\u53cd\u5c0d against\u2019\u2019 Hegel \u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u70ba Richard Bourke \u5c0d Hegel \u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u504f\u898b\u3002\u4ed6\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u653b\u64ca Hegel \u7684 \u2018\u2018\u6232\u4eff parody\u2019\u2019 \uff08 p 5 \uff09\u6216\u6f2b\u756b\u5316\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aa4\u5c0e\u6027\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u5f9e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u6211\u4e26\u4e0d\u5426\u8a8d Hegel \u7684\u8a31\u591a\u9084\u539f\u8ad6\u548c\u819a\u6dfa\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u5df2\u8b8a\u5f97\u6d41\u884c\u9019\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u66f8\u5beb Hegel \u63a5\u53d7\u53f2\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5c07\u51f8\u986f\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 \u201c\u8207 Hegel \u4e00\u8d77\u53cd\u5c0d Hegel \u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5275\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u904b\u7528 Hegel \u7684\u898b\u89e3\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u968e\u7d1a\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u751f\u614b\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u55ae\u5c07\u4ee5 Bourke \u5c0d Adorno \u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Richard Bourke \u8a8d\u70ba Adorno \u7684 Hegel \u6279\u8a55 \u201c\u6700\u7d42\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u819a\u6dfa\u7684\u53cd\u99c1\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u662f\u5c0d Hegel \u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u985b\u8986\u201d\uff08 p 227 \uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c Bourke \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201c Hegel \u4e8b\u696d\u201d \u6700\u7d42\u662f\u95dc\u65bc \u201c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u201d\uff08 p 22 \uff09\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u7684\u5224\u6c7a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u76f8\u7576\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3002Adorno \u7684 \u201c\u6d88\u6975\u8faf\u8b49 negative dialectics\u201d \u8a66\u5716\u8868\u660e\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u6027\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ea4\u7e54\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002Bourke \u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5c0d\u7684\uff0cAdorno \u672a\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u9019\u4e00\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff08 p 235 \uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u751f\u614b\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u9b25\u722d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u63a1\u53d6\u975e\u652f\u914d\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u624d\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u8b8a\u5f97\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d Hegel \u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8b74\u8cac\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Hegel \u540c\u6a23\u662f\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u7a31\u662f\u5176\u6642\u4ee3\u5168\u9762\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8868\u9054\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6c92\u6709\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5176\u7834\u58de\u6027\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u90a3\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u55ce\uff1f\u5373\u4f7f Adorno \u5c0d Hegel \u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u78ba\u5be6\u5f9e Hegel \u90a3\u88cf\u5b78\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u8a66\u5716\u63ed\u793a\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7d71\u6cbb\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfe\u845b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8c50\u5bcc\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5473\u8457\u751a\u9ebc\u7684\u7406\u89e3 \u3002\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c07\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u8996\u70ba\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4f86\u770b\u5f85 Hegel \u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u53f2\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u66f4\u52a0 Hegel \u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6355\u6349 Hegel \u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u5e7e\u4e4e\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2018\u2018<em>Hegel\u2019s World Revolutions<\/em>\u2019\u2019 \u9996\u6b21\u5c0d 1970 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86 Hegel \u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u5b83\u5fb9\u5e95\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6cd5\u570b\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u6700\u6232\u5287\u6027\u548c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9769\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u95e1\u8ff0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u601d\u60f3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u95e1\u660e\u4e86 Hegel \u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002\u6230\u5f8c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5b78\u6d3e\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u5c0d Hegel \u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f \u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u53cd\u61c9\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u548c\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5206\u6790\u5c07\u8cb6\u4f4e Hegel \u7684\u5617\u8a66\u7f6e\u65bc\u8207\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u6d41\u6d3e\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u91dd\u5c0d\u6240\u8b02 \u2018\u2018\u897f\u65b9\u2019\u2019 \u7406\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u5b83\u5c0d\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u76f8\u5c0d\u5316\u4e26\u5c07\u77e5\u8b58\u8868\u793a\u70ba\u6b0a\u529b\u6548\u679c\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2018\u2018<em>Hegel\u2019s World Revolutions<\/em>\u2019\u2019 \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u50c5\u5c07 Hegel \u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d \u2018\u2018\u5be6\u8e10\u7684 practical\u2019\u2019 \u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u53d7\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9a45\u4f7f\u8d70\u5411\u793e\u6703\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65b0\u751f\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c0d Richard Bourke \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cHegel \u7684\u6700\u7d42\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230 \u2018\u2018\u73fe\u4ee3\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5df2\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u8207\u61b2\u6cd5\u81ea\u7531\u76f8\u5bb9\u2019\u2019 ( p 253&nbsp;)\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5728 Hegel \u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8faf\u8b49\u5730\u8abf\u548c\u3002\u66f4\u901a\u4fd7\u5730\u8aaa\uff0cHegel \u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u7531\u9700\u8981\u96c6\u9ad4\u6a5f\u69cb\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u6a5f\u69cb\u4e0d\u5fc5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u969c\u7919\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u62bd\u8c61\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5d07\u9ad8\u7406\u60f3\u8207\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6574\u500b\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u91cd\u758a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f46\u66f4\u4ed4\u7d30\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6709\u7406\u7531\u61f7\u7591\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5be6\u969b\u8d85\u7136\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u601d\u8003\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u4f7f\u793e\u6703\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u518d\u5206\u914d\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u7fa3\u773e\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u900f\u904e\u660e\u986f\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u6a5f\u69cb\uff1a\u653f\u9ee8\u3001\u5de5\u6703\u548c\u65b0\u805e\u81ea\u7531\u4f86\u52d5\u54e1\u8d77\u4f86\u3002Hegel \u6c92\u6709\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u652f\u67f1\u9032\u884c\u8a8d\u771f\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u5f88\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u660e\u986f\u7684\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u83ef\u4eba\u5b78\u754c\u4e2d\u5927\u67e2\u56e0\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u72c0\u51b5\u800c\u5c07\u4e00\u5207\u76f2\u76ee\u6b78\u7f6a\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u3001\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u7f6a\u8cac\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u61c9\u64c1\u62b1\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u61c9\u8a72\u653e\u68c4\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u5374\u5947\u602a\u7684\u6703\u64c1\u62b1\u4e0a\u4e0a\u81f3 Aristotle \u4e0b\u81f3 Karl Marx \u7684\u897f\u65b9\u50b3\u7d71\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b (\u4e2d\u897f) \u50b3\u7d71\u591a\u5c11\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u504f\u5411\u5230\u5e95\u4e86\u89e3\u591a\u5c11\u5374\u4ee4\u4eba\u7591\u60d1\u53ca\u6709\u6240\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0d G.W.F. Hegel\u3002G.W.F. Hegel\u00a0\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4ed6\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 \u3002\u5f9e\u90a3\u6642\u8d77\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c31\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u7f8e\u5b78\u548c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u662f\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5728 \u2018\u2018Hegel\u2019s World Revolutions\u2019\u2019 \u4e2d\uff0cRichard Bourke \u56de\u6b78\u4e86 Hegel \u6700\u521d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u95e1\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u5011\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002Bourke \u8868\u660e\uff0cHegel \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4ed6\u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5256\u6790\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u8072\u7a31\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u662f\u5c0d\u670d\u5f9e\u7684\u89e3\u653e\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\u91cb\u653e\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u6027\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u3002Bourke \u900f\u904e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u9019\u500b\u56f0\u5883\uff0cHegel \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u9769\u547d\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u548c\u61b2\u653f\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u3002 Richard Bourke \u89e3\u91cb\u4e86 Hegel \u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u7f6e\u65bc\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86 Hegel \u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u6230\u5f8c\u5c0d Hegel \u7684\u53cd\u6297\uff0cBourke \u8a8d\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d Hegel \u7684\u8cb6\u4f4e\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5f97\u8ca7\u4e4f\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u5f9e Heidegger&nbsp;\u548c Karl Popper \u5230 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/08\/19\/hegels-world-revolutions\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2pY","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9298"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9299,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9298\/revisions\/9299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}