{"id":9319,"date":"2024-09-28T13:52:16","date_gmt":"2024-09-28T13:52:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9319"},"modified":"2024-09-28T13:52:20","modified_gmt":"2024-09-28T13:52:20","slug":"thinking-through-dementia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/09\/28\/thinking-through-dementia\/","title":{"rendered":"Thinking through dementia"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96a8\u8457\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7661\u5446\u75c7\/\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u7684\u767c\u75c5\u7387\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u3001\u4f7f\u4eba\u8870\u5f31\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u73fe\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6578\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u3002\u5931\u667a\u75c7\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u3001\u502b\u7406\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5927\u591a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u6c7a\u7b56\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u95dc\u65bc\u8a3a\u65b7\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u7570\u5e38\u8001\u5316\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u540c\u5b78\u79d1\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6cbb\u7642\u7661\u5446\u75c7 &#8211; \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7661\u5446\u75c7\/\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u795e\u7d93\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5c0d\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u5f85\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u4ff1\u6709\u502b\u7406\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Thinking-International-Perspectives-Philosophy-Psychiatry\/dp\/0199570663\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1MP07SSC218H&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.FL72w1t7WCKF4e4Uv3jawhz5YzuiNFQXNQrbXGGRBau7RI5SAD0V8YVbvQJvIw0aNAmD7CBjS1WwEAZWurEqGfiyBXzJaeqN79yVNaDOnHWhaz8NDTiEeWGrM3_HQwqVJ4svkn_N6bvFNrR9cJm_ixev182uUUEnhlnRc_21iXaIqACIw5dkkohMvXf8Qw6prBU4-L2HCHyaDuRf-rx5SjFwOEaPoins2HOXTkqMEms.8q2VvEQSqKxnKvtPYGIrgsavfoxBau2H5SAiyV7iYoo&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Thinking+through+dementia&amp;qid=1727531355&amp;sprefix=thinking+through+dementia%2Caps%2C269&amp;sr=8-1\">Thinking through dementia<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u5c0d\u7528\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u578b \u2014\u2014 \u751f\u7269\u91ab\u5b78\u3001\u795e\u7d93\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u6a21\u578b\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u3002\u5b83\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u81e8\u5e8a\u554f\u984c\u548c\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u9019\u7a2e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u5c0d\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6279\u5224\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u8b49\u6578\u64da\u548c\u81e8\u5e8a\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u7d71\u4e00\u4e86\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6975\u5177\u539f\u5275\u6027\u4e14\u767c\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u53c3\u8207\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u8b77\u7406\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc5\u901f\u8001\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u5e74\u9f61\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u6700\u70ba\u7a81\u51fa\uff09\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u672c\u66f8 \u201c<em>Thinking through dementia<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u8003\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5be6\u969b\u554f\u984c\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u6982\u5ff5\u554f\u984c\u2026\u4e5f\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u554f\u984c\u201d \uff08 p vii \uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8ac7\u8ad6\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f71\u97ff\u4ed6\u5011\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5c0d\u5f85 \uff1b \u201c\u6e05\u6670\uff08\u548c\u8a73\u7d30\uff09\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u5c0d\u65bc\u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u800c \u201c\u8349\u7387\u201d \u7684\u601d\u7dad\u7121\u8ad6\u767c\u751f\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u8abf\uff08 p vii \uff09\u3002\u8eab\u70ba <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northumbria.nhs.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust<\/a> \u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u4fe1\u8a17\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b78\u9867\u554f\u548c Newcastle \u5927\u5b78\u8870\u8001\u54f2\u5b78\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\uff0cJulian Hughes \u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u627f\u64d4\u601d\u8003\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u9078\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\u975e\u5e38\u7dca\u8feb\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u7661\u5446\u75c7\/\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u548c\u7167\u8b77\u9700\u8981\u9032\u884c\u300c\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff08 p viii \uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u65e8\u5728\u900f\u904e\u4fc3\u9032 Julian Hughes \u6240\u8b02\u7684 \u201c\u4eba\u4eba\u8996\u89d2 human-person-perspective\u201d \u70ba\u9019\u5834\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u9769\u547d\u505a\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u4eba\u5011 \u2014\u2014 \u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u60a3\u6709\u56b4\u91cd\u7661\u5446\u75c7\/\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u7684\u4eba \u2014\u2014 \u4e0d \u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u96e2\u6563\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u8996\u70ba \u201c\u8655\u65bc\u5177\u6709\u8c50\u5bcc\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6642\u9593\u548c\u5730\u9ede\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\uff1b\u5728\u5177\u6709\u904e\u53bb\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u4e26\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\uff1b\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u67d0\u4e9b\u898f\u7bc4\u554f\u984c\u6240\u5851\u9020\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u7bc4\u554f\u984c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u7fd2\u4fd7\u201d \uff08 pp 227-28 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9858\u666f\u6709\u6642\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0cHughes \u5c0d\u8a72\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u4e5f\u5f88\u5ee3\u6cdb \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5927\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u719f\u6089\u4e26\u540c\u60c5 Wittgenstein \u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8b80\u8d77\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u55aa\u3002\u5728\u7c21\u8981\u6982\u8ff0\u672c\u66f8\u5167\u5bb9\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u55aa\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u5c07\u5728\u6211\u5011\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u8b8a\u5f97\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I. \u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7531\u56db\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 (Introduction) \u91cd\u9ede\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u502b\u7406\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u4f11\u65af\u81ea\u5df1\u8655\u7406\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u7684 \u201c\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u4e3b\u9ad4(situated embodied agent\uff0cSEA) \u89c0\u9ede\u201d \uff08 p 30 \uff09 \u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206 (Mental states and normativity) \u8cab\u7a7f\u4e86\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec Descartes \u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u3001 David Armstrong \u548c Paul&nbsp;Churchland&nbsp;\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/fodor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jerry A. Fodor<\/a> \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001Donald Davidson \u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/donald-davidson-anomalous-monism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u53cd\u5e38\u4e00\u5143\u8ad6 anomalous monism<\/a> \u4ee5\u53ca \u201c\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb social construction of the mind\u201d\uff08\u7279\u5225\u5f15\u7528\uff0c Rom Harr\u00e9 \u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09( p 73 )\u3002\u9019\u9805\u63a2\u8a0e\u70ba\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u51fa\u73fe\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u4fc3\u9032\u672c\u66f8\u5f8c\u9762\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u9084\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86 Julian Hughes \u6240\u8aaa\u7684 \u201cWittgenstein \u5206\u6790\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206 (Models of dementia) \u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5c07\u5176\u7528\u65bc\u6aa2\u67e5\u81e8\u5e8a\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7661\u5446\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206 (Personhood and the world) \u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0cJulian Hughes \u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u504f\u611b\u7684 \u201c\u4eba\u4eba\u8996\u89d2\u201d\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u500b\u6848 \u201c\u56f0\u5883 dilemmas\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u8207\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u9801\u4e2d\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u53cd\u601d\u4e86\u5176\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u81e8\u5e8a\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II. \u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8853\u8a9e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6700\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u6280\u8853\u8a5e\u5f59\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002\u7576 Julian Hughes \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 (The clinical surround: values and versions&nbsp;) \u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u300c\u7661\u5446 dementia\u300d\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u8a72\u75c5\u75c7\u6216\u4e00\u7d44\u75c5\u75c7\u7684\u5408\u9069\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u5c0b\u6c42\u66ff\u4ee3\u540d\u7a31\u6642\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u9996\u5148\u6703\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002Hughes \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u300c\u7661\u5446\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u662f \u201c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u6df7\u4e82\u201d\uff08 p 17 \uff09\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u66f4\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u8868\u9054\u4f86\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002Hughes \u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u662f \u201c\u5f8c\u5929\u6027\u7030\u6f2b\u6027\u795e\u7d93\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u7919 acquired diffuse neurocognitive dysfunction\u201d\uff08\u9996\u6b21\u5728 p 18 \u7684\u4ecb\u7d39 \uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u5c07\u70ba\u76ee\u524d\u88ab\u7d81\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u9b06\u6563\u7684\u300c\u7661\u5446\u300d\u985e\u5225\u4e2d\u7684\u75c5\u75c7\u75c7\u5019\u7fa3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u9069\u7684\u300c\u7e3d\u62ec\u300d\u8853\u8a9e\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u662f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u201c\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7 Alzheimer\u3001\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5 vascular\u3001\u8def\u6613\u6c0f\u9ad4\u75c5 Lewy body\u3001\u984d\u9873\u8449\u75c5 frontotemperal\u3001\u514b\u96c5\u6c0f\u75c7 CreuzfeldJakob\u3001\u4ea8\u5ef7\u9813\u6c0f\u75c7 Huntington\u201d \u7b49\uff08 p 19 \uff09\u3002Hughes \u5f15\u5165\u4e86 \u201c\u5f8c\u5929\u6027\u7030\u6f2b\u6027\u795e\u7d93\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u7919\u201d \u4e00\u8a5e\u5f8c\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4f7f\u7528 \u201c\u7661\u5446\u201d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4fae\u8fb1\u6027\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6e90\u81ea\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u8a5e\u6839 demens\uff0c\u201c\u8868\u660e\u4f60\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7406\u667a\u201d\uff08 p 14 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u5b57\u6e90\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u56f0\u60d1 Hughes \u5c0d\u4ed6\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u5b57\u8a5e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5fe0\u8aa0\u3002\u5805\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u7661\u5446\u75c7 dementia\u300d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528 Hughes \u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u4f86\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5f8c\u8005\u6975\u5176\u7b28\u62d9\u4e26\u4e14\u5f88\u96e3\u8a18\u4f4f \u3002\u4e5f\u8a31\uff0c \u201c\u5f8c\u5929\u6027\u7030\u6f2b\u6027\u795e\u7d93\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u7919 acquired diffuse neurocognitive dysfunction\u201d \u7684\u7b28\u62d9\u662f Hughes \u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u8cab\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7d93\u5e38\u9078\u64c7 \u201c\u7661\u5446\u201d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff08 p 15 \uff09\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f4\u95dc\u6ce8\u65e5\u5e38\u8a71\u8a9e\u4e2d\u300c\u7661\u5446\u300d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u300c\u7661\u5446\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6feb\u7528\u8853\u8a9e\uff08 p 14 \uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u300c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u6703\u66f4\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0cJulian Hughes \u7528\u5197\u9577\u7684\u65b0\u8a5e\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u6211\u5011\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u80af\u5b9a\u6703\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u7661\u5446\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u9060\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u85dd\u8853\u8853\u8a9e\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u6280\u8853\u6027\u7684\u3002\u7576\u8ac7\u5230\u4ed6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u66f4\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u6df7\u6dc6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u95e1\u660e\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u8868\u9054\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u7279\u5225\u503c\u5f97\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e26\u96a8\u5f8c\u90e8\u7f72 Wittgenstein \u5728 \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Philosophical-Investigations-ludwig-wittgenstein\/dp\/1405159294\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2AC277VNOE2D1&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.V8SVHYJ6Dml0zXbMgcD593-sowBZSWhL20mpQBTxpT14zEFgarH6ZG4lHPQ6PkQ-Maa_Ki7RNtEwq8ScsWbnMcvl7qS8zvOUJHLnywRx0Fx_-mZPSSAV_3wJTbyEgrxJNgNL-VUDCIKqc9CNvQMdtONJykZWYnNQZhpUFz7uDIQjoDBVOlnVDr2hy0n0acP7VQhM7ZowTZHKla279waL3SDcyr5QLew3pO6Gfou0-UI.1_NJ6TxG8APgpqS7QdEKcJKiRAU-xk7tyte1pgKAZ_I&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Philosophical+Investigations&amp;qid=1727531447&amp;sprefix=philosophical+investigations%2Caps%2C366&amp;sr=8-1\">Philosophical Investigations<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u9075\u5faa\u898f\u5247\u7684\u8003\u616e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6839\u64da Hughes \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8003\u616e\u76f8\u7576\u65bc \u201c\u5c0d\u6709\u610f\u5fc3\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u89e3\u91cb\u201d\uff08 p 185 \uff09\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 (Normativity in the world) \u672b\u5c3e\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u9019\u6bb5\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u5c0b\u627e\u8a9e\u8a00\u88ab\u6b63\u78ba\u6216\u932f\u8aa4\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u7d93\u9a57\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5728\u69cb\u6210\u6709\u610f\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5167\u5728\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9084\u539f\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u3002\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u53c3\u8207\u5fc5\u8981\u985e\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u56b4\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u4eba\u3002 \u201d\uff08 p 115 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u8b80\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u6642\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\uff08\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u60a3\u6709\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u7661\u5446\u75c7\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u628a\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u898f\u7bc4\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u8db3\u5920\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u904e\u4e0a\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\uff1f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III. \u6e34\u671b\u901a\u7528\u6027\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7f3a\u9ede\u662f\u5b83\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7d30\u6ce8\u610f\u7279\u5b9a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u986f\u8457\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f Julian Hughes \u5c0d\u610f\u5411\u6027\u54f2\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u4f54\u6709\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u662f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 (The SEA view of persons) \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u52d5\u6027\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5f15\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u50b3\u7d71\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 \u201caboutness\u201d \u548c \u201cofness\u201d \u7b49\u8853\u8a9e\uff1a\u201c\u7576\u6211\u601d\u8003\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u601d\u8003\u67d0\u4e8b\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u6211\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u662f\u6709\u610f\u7684\uff08\u5728\u9019\u500b\u6280\u8853\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e8b\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u201d \uff08 p 51 \uff09 \u3002\u900f\u904e\u8003\u616e\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u5c07 Hughes \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u5411\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u9032\u5c0d \u201c\u610f\u5411\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b intentional mental states\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8655\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u65bc Franz Brentano ( \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Barnes-Noble-Routledge-Classics-set\/dp\/1138019178\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2XFFI5QJ3M8ZE&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.HlfF5j_XOI24D6HxmIUUtQ.ysZkizdwwzW3_fmb8lElVC8p6A_jAGnzQjaOhucPY8Y&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Psychology+from+an+Empirical+Standpoint+%281973%29&amp;qid=1727531473&amp;sprefix=psychology+from+an+empirical+standpoint+1973+%2Caps%2C301&amp;sr=8-1\">Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (1973)<\/a><\/em>\u201d\uff0cp 79 ) \u548c John Searle ( \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Intentionality-Philosophy-John-R-Searle-ebook\/dp\/B01LXMEUAB\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=RW5YINAFZB5U&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.pmh5CibYUYvglMurjHnPLw.ZjsHY8Q07WJP6o_2NAGhIEEPnH0bxbRoDgpi2IxWb7g&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Intentionality%3A+An+Essay+in+the+Philosophy+of+Mind+%281983%29&amp;qid=1727531511&amp;sprefix=intentionality+an+essay+in+the+philosophy+of+mind+1983+%2Caps%2C272&amp;sr=8-1\">Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind (1983)<\/a><\/em>\u201d\uff0cp 39) \u5c07\u8996\u89ba\u611f\u77e5\uff08\u5373\u770b\u5230\uff09\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u800c Hughes \u5247\u4e0d\u7136\uff08 p 84 \uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e86\u89e3 Hughes \u70ba\u4f55\u63a1\u53d6\u9019\u7a2e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5c07\u6703\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c31\u300c\u8a18\u61b6\u300d\u800c\u8a00\uff0cJulian Hughes \u627f\u8a8d\u5b83\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u985e\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07 \u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u8a18\u61b6 procedural memory\uff08\u5141\u8a31\u6211\u958b\u8eca\uff09\u201d \u8207 \u201c\u9673\u8ff0\u6027\u8a18\u61b6 declarative memory\uff08\u5141\u8a31\u6211\u80cc\u8aa6\u674e\u767d\u7684\u8a69\uff09\u201d \u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u800c \u201c\u9673\u8ff0\u6027\u8a18\u61b6\u201d \u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u77ed\u671f\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9577\u671f\u300d\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u60c5\u5883 episodic\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8a9e\u610f semantic\u300d\u8b8a\u9ad4\uff08 p 133 \uff09 \u3002\u5f9e\u53d7Wittgenstein \u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u5c07\u662f Hughes \u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u5340\u5225\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u8a8d\u77e5\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u8a73\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4ed4\u7d30\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u627f\u8a8d\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0cHughes \u4ecd\u7136\u5c07\u8a18\u61b6\u8996\u70ba\u55ae\u4e00\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cHughes \u4ee5 Edward Thomas \u7684\u4e00\u9996\u8a69\u4e2d \u201cYes. I remember Adlestrop\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u56de\u7b54 \u201cThomas \u8a18\u4f4f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f Adlestrop\u201d \u7684\u554f\u984c\u8207\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u554f\u984c \u201c\u8a18\u4f4f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u201d \u7b49\u540c\u8d77\u4f86 \u3002Hughes \u65b7\u8a00\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684 \u201c\u5168\u9762\u56de\u7b54 The full-view answer\u201d \u201c\u5fc5\u9808\u6293\u4f4f\u8a18\u61b6\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u6027\u3001\u5167\u5728\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9084\u539f\u6027\u201d \uff08 p 120 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u7a2e\u5c07\u8a18\u61b6\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b mental state\u300d\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u8207 Julian Hughes \u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u8a18\u61b6\u662f\u6709\u610f\u7684\u3002\u66f4\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8003\u616e\u5176\u4ed6\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u5ea6\u5047\u6642\u8a18\u5f97\u5e36\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6cf3\u8863\uff0c\u8a18\u5f97\u4e00\u500b\u59d0\u59d0\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u5373\u5c07\u5230\u4f86\uff0c\u8a18\u5f97\u67d0\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8a18\u61b6\u5be6\u4f8b\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u300c\u5c6c\u65bc\u300d\u6216\u300c\u95dc\u65bc\u300d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\uff1f\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\uff0c\u4f46\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u5c0f\u660e\u8a18\u5f97\u6536\u62fe\u66f8\u672c\u662f\u300c\u70ba\u4e86\u300d\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u672c\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u300c\u70ba\u4e86\u300d\u4ed6\u671f\u671b\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u88cf\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u6c92\u5e36\u66f8\u800c\u88ab\u7f70\uff1f\u5fb7\u8a18\u8a18\u5f97\u661f\u671f\u516d\u662f\u4ed6\u59d0\u59d0\u7684\u751f\u65e5\uff0c\u9019 \u201c\u5167\u5bb9\u201d \u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u59ca\u59ca\u7684\u751f\u65e5\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4ed6\u59ca\u59ca\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u500b\u661f\u671f\u516d\uff1f\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u8ac7\u8ad6 \u201c\u5167\u5bb9\u201d \u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u55ce\uff1f\u7121\u8ad6\u6211\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u56de\u7b54\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u53ef\u7591\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u81f3\u5c11\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u61f7\u7591\uff1a\u8a18\u61b6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e \u201c\u6709\u610f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b intentional mental state\u201d \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IV.\uff08\u932f\u8aa4\uff09\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u7269<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Julian Hughes \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b3d\u4f69\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5021\u5c0e\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6cbb\u7642\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5805\u6301\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5805\u6301\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65e8\u5728\u8868\u660e\u60a3\u6709\u56b4\u91cd\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u985e\u5225\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8ad6\u9ede\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6230\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cHughes \u672c\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c0d\u5c07\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e86\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa \uff0c\u201c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u53c3\u8207\u5fc5\u8981\u985e\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u56b4\u91cd\u75be\u75c5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u201d \uff08p 115 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f \u201c\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u7f3a\u4e4f \u201c\u53c3\u8207\u5fc5\u8981\u985e\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u201d\u3002\u5fc5\u8981\u985e\u578b\uff1f\u5230\u5e95 Hughes \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6697\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u5f8c\u9762\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\uff1a \u201c\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u53c3\u8207\u5fc5\u8981\u985e\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u201d \uff08 p 212 \uff09 \u3002\u9019\u88cf\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u672c\u8eab\u300d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u67d0\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u9019\u9805\u4e3b\u5f35\u5f97\u5230 \u201c\u50c5\u50c5\u53c3\u8207\u5fc5\u8981\u985e\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u201d \u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u53c8\u88dc\u5145\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u67d0\u4eba\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4efb\u4f55\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6703\u5728\u8a31\u53ef\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u65b9\u9762\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u985e\u300c\u672c\u8eab\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u6216\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1f\uff09\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207\u6b64\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u5927\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cJulian Hughes \u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c07\u8655\u65bc\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f49\u660f\u8ff7\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u6b7b\u4eba\u6392\u9664\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u4e4b\u5916\u3002\u4f46\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u5462\uff1f\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8de1\u8c61\u8868\u660e\uff0cHughes \u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u904e\u300c\u4f4d\u683c\u300d\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u542b\u7fa9\u6216\u7528\u9014 \u2014\u2014 \u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u5c0d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u9ad4\u795e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6577\u884d\u8a55\u8ad6\uff08 p 42 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V. \u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u52d9\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8207\u904e\u65bc\u7c60\u7d71\u7684\u554f\u984c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u95dc\u6ce8\u5be6\u8e10\uff08\u5373\u8207\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u76f8\u8655\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7a2e\u5982\u4f55\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u540d\u81e8\u5e8a\u7cbe\u795e\u79d1\u91ab\u5e2b\uff0cJulian Hughes \u53ef\u80fd\u64d4\u5fc3\u904e\u65bc\u5f37\u8abf\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u4e26\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u8abf\u54f2\u5b78\u624d\u80fd\u6eff\u8db3\u8a72\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u800c \uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u986f\u7136\uff0cHughes \u78ba\u5be6\u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\u4ed6 \u201c\u5f88\u9ad8\u8208\u201d \u4f5c\u70ba \u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u201d \u80fd\u5920\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u9054\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8b66\u544a\uff0c \u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u5617\u8a66\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u76e1\u6700\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u4f7f\u5176\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u76f8\u95dc\u201d\uff08 p vii \uff09\u3002Hughes \u78ba\u5be6\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u589e\u52a0\u7406\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cMiss Breen \u7684\u4e3b\u984c \u2014\u2014 \u5979\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u958b\u982d\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e26\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u8996 \u2014\u2014 \u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u66f8\u7684\u958b\u982d\u548c\u7d50\u5c3e\u9644\u8fd1\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6848\u4f8b \u201c\u56f0\u5883\u201d\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u4ecd\u7136\u904e\u65bc\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u9060\u96e2\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u81e8\u5e8a\u6216\u8b77\u7406\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">VI. \u7e3d\u7d50<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<em>Thinking through dementia<\/em>\u201d \u5c0d\u89e3\u6c7a\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u9451\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u56de\u9867\u3002Julian Hughes \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6bcf\u500b\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u7c21\u660e\u6458\u8981\u548c\u8981\u9ede\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5076\u723e\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f15\u5165\u8a69\u6b4c\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u6027\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u66f4\u591a\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5c08\u696d\u6216\u8b77\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u5982\u4f55\u5e6b\u52a9\u6216\u963b\u7919\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4fc3\u9032\u5c0d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7fd2\u6163\u6027\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u8cea\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u904e\u65bc\u6280\u8853\u6027\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3001\u5c0d\u660e\u78ba\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7336\u8c6b\u4e0d\u6c7a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u80fd\u5c07\u7406\u8ad6\u5b8c\u5168\u5e36\u56de\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u8457\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u616e\u53ef\u80fd\u6c92\u6709\u6548\u529b\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u5efa\u8a2d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u8b93\u300c\u56f0\u5883\u300d\u767c\u63ee\u4e3b\u5c0e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u7d30\u7bc0\u548c\u5be6\u8cea\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4e26\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u8cab\u7a7f\u5168\u6587\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u900f\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u9f13\u52f5\u7a4d\u6975\u5730\u300c\u601d\u8003\u300d\u7661\u5446\u75c7\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u8003\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u65e5\u5e38\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c0d\u65bc\u5df2\u7d93\u719f\u6089\u5f8c\u671f Wittgenstein \u7684\u8b80\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u5c07\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b0\u7a4e\u4e14\u5177\u6311\u6230\u6027\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u3002Julian Hughes \u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u9805\u793a\u7bc4\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u96a8\u8457\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7661\u5446\u75c7\/\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u7684\u767c\u75c5\u7387\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u3001\u4f7f\u4eba\u8870\u5f31\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u73fe\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6578\u767e\u842c\u4eba\u3002\u5931\u667a\u75c7\u5f15\u767c\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u3001\u502b\u7406\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u5927\u591a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u6c7a\u7b56\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u95dc\u65bc\u8a3a\u65b7\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u7570\u5e38\u8001\u5316\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002 \u4e0d\u540c\u5b78\u79d1\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6cbb\u7642\u7661\u5446\u75c7 &#8211; \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7661\u5446\u75c7\/\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u795e\u7d93\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5c0d\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u5f85\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u4ff1\u6709\u502b\u7406\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 \u201cThinking through dementia\u201d \u5c0d\u7528\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u578b \u2014\u2014 \u751f\u7269\u91ab\u5b78\u3001\u795e\u7d93\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5efa\u69cb\u6a21\u578b\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u3002\u5b83\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u81e8\u5e8a\u554f\u984c\u548c\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u9019\u7a2e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u5c0d\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6279\u5224\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u8b49\u6578\u64da\u548c\u81e8\u5e8a\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u7d71\u4e00\u4e86\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u3002 \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6975\u5177\u539f\u5275\u6027\u4e14\u767c\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u53c3\u8207\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u8b77\u7406\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx \u96a8\u8457\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc5\u901f\u8001\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u5e74\u9f61\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u6700\u70ba\u7a81\u51fa\uff09\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u672c\u66f8 \u201cThinking through dementia\u201d \u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u8003\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5be6\u969b\u554f\u984c\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u6982\u5ff5\u554f\u984c\u2026\u4e5f\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u554f\u984c\u201d \uff08 p vii \uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8ac7\u8ad6\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5f71\u97ff\u4ed6\u5011\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5c0d\u5f85 \uff1b \u201c\u6e05\u6670\uff08\u548c\u8a73\u7d30\uff09\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u5c0d\u65bc\u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u800c \u201c\u8349\u7387\u201d \u7684\u601d\u7dad\u7121\u8ad6\u767c\u751f\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u8abf\uff08 p vii \uff09\u3002\u8eab\u70ba Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust \u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u4fe1\u8a17\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7684\u8001\u5e74\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b78\u9867\u554f\u548c Newcastle \u5927\u5b78\u8870\u8001\u54f2\u5b78\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\uff0cJulian Hughes \u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u627f\u64d4\u601d\u8003\u6216\u7814\u7a76\u7661\u5446\u75c7\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u9078\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\u975e\u5e38\u7dca\u8feb\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u7661\u5446\u75c7\/\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u548c\u7167\u8b77\u9700\u8981\u9032\u884c\u300c\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff08 p viii &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/09\/28\/thinking-through-dementia\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2qj","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9319"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9320,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9319\/revisions\/9320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}