{"id":9329,"date":"2024-10-24T04:51:28","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T04:51:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9329"},"modified":"2024-10-24T04:53:03","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T04:53:03","slug":"philosophy-of-finitude-heidegger-levinas-and-nietzsche","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/10\/24\/philosophy-of-finitude-heidegger-levinas-and-nietzsche\/","title":{"rendered":"Philosophy of Finitude: Heidegger, Levinas and Nietzsche"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rafael Winkler \u5be9\u8996\u4e86 Heidegger \u4ee5\u53ca Derrida\u3001Levinas \u548c Nietzsche \u7684\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u523a\u6fc0\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u771f\u7406\u751a\u81f3\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9762\u5c0d\u4e0d\u53ef\u60f3\u50cf\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b \u2500\u2500 \u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6975\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7576\u6211\u5011\u9047\u5230\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8207\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad4\u9a57\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u9019\u7a2e \u201c\u6709\u9650\u6027\u601d\u7dad thinking of finitude\u201d \u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ac7\u8ad6\u548c\u8a55\u4f30\u7d55\u5c0d\u964c\u751f\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u6697\u793a\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u6216\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Winkler \u95e1\u91cb\u4e86 Heidegger \u95dc\u65bc\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u7a2e\u8207\u601d\u60f3\u9650\u5236\u7684\u906d\u9047\u662f Heidegger\u3001Levinas \u548c Nietzsche \u5dee\u7570\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Philosophy-Finitude-Heidegger-Levinas-Nietzsche\/dp\/1350059366\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=G3931CLMAXCX&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.i8AGJ6vHn7xoVwXgfgU7iA.1JqHGNF-RGXq8vgdOc5eHCrEFq_qK33EpEKI3kYYCtA&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Philosophy+of+Finitude%3A+Heidegger%2C+Levinas+and+Nietzsche&amp;qid=1729744644&amp;sprefix=philosophy+of+finitude+heidegger%2C+levinas+and+nietzsche%2Caps%2C589&amp;sr=8-1\">Philosophy of Finitude: Heidegger, Levinas and Nietzsch<\/a>e<\/em>\u201d \u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86 Heidegger\u3001Levinas \u548c Nietzsche \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u81e8\u7d42\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0: Death, the Impossible \uff09\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u8005\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0: Self and&nbsp;Other \uff09\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0: Figurations \uff09\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\uff08\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0: Dwelling \uff09\u3001\u771f\u7406\u8207\u932f\u8aa4\uff08\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0: Beyond Truth \uff09\u548c\u5be6\u9ad4\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0: Substance \uff09\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cRafael Winkler \u5c55\u793a\u4e86 Heidegger\u3001Levinas \u548c Nietzsche \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Derrida \u548c Ricoeur \uff08\u526f\u6a19\u984c\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u90fd\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\uff09\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u4ecd\u5728\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u4eba\u7269\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) \u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) \u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) \u4eba\u985e\u4f5c\u70ba\u51e1\u4eba\u3001\u9130\u5c45\u3001\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u548c\u5ba2\u4eba\u670b\u53cb\u5c0d\u6240\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u7403\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u548c\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u7262\u8a18\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0b\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u9069\u5408\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5bb6\u5712\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u5982 Rafael Winkler \u5728\u7c21\u4ecb\u4e2d\u6240\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07 \u201c\u7368\u7279\u6027 uniqueness\u201d \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5373\u9003\u907f\u6240\u6709\u5206\u985e\u548c\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u68f1\u93e1\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u500b\u68f1\u93e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e8\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3001\u54c0\u60bc\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\u3001\u71b1\u60c5\u597d\u5ba2\u548c\u9762\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6642\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u5c0d \u201c\u7368\u7279 the unique\u201d \u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5168\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u610f\u7fa9\u8868\u793a\u7368\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6216 \u201c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u201d\uff08xiii\uff09\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u7684 \u201c\u7368\u7279\u201d \u5177\u6709\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u502b\u7406\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u751f\u547d\u6216\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u6216\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u5373\u7576\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4ed6\u8005\u6216\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u8996\u70ba\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u5206\u985e\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u7b49\u6642\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0cRafael Winkler \u4e5f\u5c07 \u201c\u7368\u7279\u6027\u201d \u7a31\u70ba\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u7bc4\u7587\uff0c\u8868\u793a \u201c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7d14\u7cb9\u5f62\u5f0f\u7279\u5fb5 purely formal feature of existence\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f \u201c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u6027 haecceity of a being\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u3001\u5c1a\u672a\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u672a\u88ab\u8b58\u5225\u7684 \u201c\u6839\u672c\u5b58\u5728 being there at all\u201d\uff08 p xiii\uff0cxv\uff09\u3002&nbsp;\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c \u201c\u7576\u5b83\u9664\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e4b\u5916\u7121\u8a71\u53ef\u8aaa\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u6642\u5b83\u624d\u80fd\u812b\u7a4e\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u800c\u9583\u8000\u3002\u201d\uff08 p xiv\uff09\u3002\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5b83\u88ab\u6539\u5beb\u70ba \u201c\u67d0\u4eba\u201d \u6216 \u201c\u67d0\u7269\u201d \u4e4b\u524d\uff08 p xiv \uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u7368\u7279\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u7d55\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u7684 absolutely other\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u533f\u540d\u7684 the anonymous\u201d \u6216\u7d55\u5c0d\u964c\u751f\u7684\uff08 p xiv \uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5118\u7ba1 Rafael Winkler \u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u5c0d \u201c\u7368\u7279\u6027\u201d \u7684\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6574\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u5340\u5225\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u610f\u7fa9\u9084\u4e0d\u5920\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Winkler \u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7d14\u7cb9\u5b58\u5728\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u6027\u3001\u964c\u751f\u6027\u6216\u5dee\u7570\u6027\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u985e \u3001\u8b58\u5225\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u656c\u754f\u3001\u9707\u200b\u200b\u9a5a\u6216\u8ff7\u5931\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u61f7\u7591\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u9047\u5230\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u3001\u5b64\u5152\u548c\u5be1\u5a66\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d \u201c\u7368\u7279\u201d \u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u502b\u7406\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6216\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u54c0\u60bc\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u6b78\u70ba\u5177\u9ad4\u6848\u4f8b\u7d14\u7cb9\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u7368\u7279\u4e4b\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0cRafael Winkler \u5f15\u5165\u4e86 \u201c\u7368\u7279\u201d \u542b\u7fa9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f \u201c\u8b49\u660e &#8230;&#8230; \u7368\u7279\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Plato \u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8868\u9054\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u7368\u7279\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\u78ba\u5be6 &nbsp;<em>to ontos on<\/em>\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u771f\u5be6\u201d \uff08 p xii \uff09\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u512a\u5148\u8003\u616e \u201c\u7368\u7279\u6027\u201d \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u72a7\u7272\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5947\u9ede\u502b\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u552f\u540d\u8ad6\u53ca\u5176\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\u540c\u6a23\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8de1\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\uff0cWinkler \u6c92\u6709\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u9019\u7a2e\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u63a1\u7528\u66f4\u6eab\u548c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u900f\u904e \u201c\u7368\u7279\u201d \u7684\u8996\u89d2\u4f86\u7a81\u51fa Heidegger\u3001Levinas \u548c Derrida \u7684\u5dee\u7570\u548c\u5171\u6027\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9650\u5236\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u300cDeath, the Impossible\u300d\u4e2d\uff0cRafael Winkler \u8ffd\u6c42\u4e09\u500b\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c Winkler \u63a5\u53d7 Heidegger \u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5373\u9810\u671f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6975\u9650\u8655\u555f\u52d5\u4e00\u7a2e\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u5316\uff08 p 11 \uff09\uff0cWinkler \u8faf\u7a31\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u9a5a\u548c\u6c38\u9060\u96e3\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u6d88\u89e3\u6b64\u5728 Dasein \u4e2d\u7684 \u201c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u548c\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u53d6\u6d88\u5b83\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\uff08 p 7 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6839\u64da Rafael Winkler \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0cHeidegger \u5176\u5be6\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b \u201cWhat is Metaphysics?\u201d \u7576\u4e2d\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u7126\u616e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u50c5\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5f9e\u6211\u5011\u8eab\u908a\u6e9c\u8d70\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86 \u201c\u6211\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86 Heidegger \u5c0d\u7126\u616e\u7684\u96e2\u5947\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u7e3d\u7d50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u7126\u616e\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u61f8\u800c\u672a\u6c7a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5c0e\u81f4\u751f\u547d\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u9ad4\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u2500\u2500\u6211\u5011\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u2500\u2500\u5728\u773e\u751f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u9060\u96e2\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6b78\u6839\u7a76\u5e95\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u4f60\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6211\u300d\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u81ea\u5728\uff1b\u800c\u662f\u300c\u4f60\u300d\u6216\u300c\u6211\u300d\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u81ea\u5728\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b \u201c\u4eba\u201d \u4f86\u8aaa\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6293\u4f4f\u7684\u76e4\u65cb\u9ad4\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u6b64\u5728 Dasein \u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u201d( p 15 ) ( <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Basic-Writings-Essays-Introduction-Being\/dp\/0060637633\/ref=sr_1_2?crid=33EQ7QMRMU8A1&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.E8esQvtDnTGxM8wiYxm_2gHDABDiM4U9EiWXIItZQHv-luZiUp36RAhw92F0YQz6mld6Hyibd4draw-BaCaP3kNzCptmGF0dbkmrq_w-8vux2-PhVt8waPiMkBK9GFDX3WWra9tsjzp5TE0EdipHzm6B_nlt7OZFDgovtpLjYyBSvfdzzWcReuRzJjqsFbqAe0JW4CKOztd-Ft9aj5xji9rZ0ebkTRcKzg1DxNS6XtQ.6xdQPL42KnPWegOAX7S2ymBULSNyZQShqPM6l-RvHAg&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Heidegger%2C+Basic+Writings&amp;qid=1729744731&amp;sprefix=heidegger%2C+basic+writings%2Caps%2C359&amp;sr=8-2\">Martin Heidegger\uff0cDavid Farrell Krell\uff0c \u201c<em>Basic Writings(2008)<\/em><\/a>\u201d p 101 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u5982 Rafael Winkler \u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u8207 Heidegger \u5728 \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Being-Time-Translation-Contemporary-Continental\/dp\/1438432763\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=L8P9RYISS1HA&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.PP0PE735O1aWfhpZ2pcnxOaRJMTfmBRK2Grcc0sU84MQs5YwQJ9mGQv_m45MDz6PzET6C6h2_-MdJNfPz-gISknau-oI6AV6LM5rQouz6fcePaR1_bI9G8DzTDrupnkT6DJZtB3yBsPoE6WhGYg5wgHhXwz4Lr5MNsJa4MfO9FcFILpL478HT1klY6YXVPzGf54O6tM6cLN0ivlO0ONaqIO36H3ad-DkHREHE4pROfU.R4lI8Q9O3JM-tLm3MHCXEg-FKzJhLf5DxrPmKwBhheU&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Heidegger%2C+Being+and+Time&amp;qid=1729744762&amp;sprefix=heidegger%2C+being+and+time%2Caps%2C531&amp;sr=8-1\">Being and Time<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u771f\u7684\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Winkler \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\uff0cHeidegger \u5728\u9019\u88cf\u63d0\u51fa \u201c\u6211\u6d88\u5931\u4e86 the I vanishes\u201d \u55ce \uff08 p 15 \uff09\uff1f\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u7d93\u6b77\u7126\u616e\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6b64\u5728 Dasein \u4ecd\u7136\u5b8c\u597d\u7121\u640d\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u5728 Dasein \u662f\u7531\u5371\u96aa\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u95dc\u61f7\u6240\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u9019\u7a2e\u6211\u6027\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u6216\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1 Rafael Winkler \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7126\u616e\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u58d3\u5012\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u9a5a\u7684\u6975\u9650\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u6b64\u5728 Dasein \u55ae\u4e00\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0e\u81f4\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u540c\u4e00\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u89e3\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u9ad4\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u64c1\u6709\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4e0d\u662f \u201c\u64c1\u6709\u201d \u7684\uff0c \u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u7a31\u201d \u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6b63\u662f\u9019\u7a2e \u201c\u8eab\u5206 identity\u201d \u88ab\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u6240\u524a\u5f31\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cWinkler \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 \u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u7a31\u7d71\u4e00\u201d\uff0c\u9ad4\u9a57\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff08 p 1 \uff09\u3002\u5728\u634d\u885b\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u6642\uff0cWinkler \u7e7c\u7e8c\u653b\u64ca Dan Zahavi ( \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Self-Awareness-Alterity-Phenomenological-Investigation-Phenomenology\/dp\/B010EUXLI8\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=VQ96I06Z398D&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.TqBw0Vr-qCm0Im3SYRJBGA.ZuKjdysItGO_jcQOFvTsKsxdkqsrvhgGcrAinsFslFs&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Self-Awareness+and+Alterity%3A+A+Phenomenological+Investigation+%281999%29&amp;qid=1729744782&amp;sprefix=self-awareness+and+alterity+a+phenomenological+investigation+1999+%2Caps%2C826&amp;sr=8-1\">Self-Awareness and Alterity:&nbsp;A Phenomenological Investigation (1999)<\/a><\/em>\u201d ) \u5c0d\u610f\u8b58\u5fc5\u8981\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u70ba\u6b64\u4ed6\u5927\u91cf\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u88c2\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u8b49\u8a00\uff08\u6458\u81ea R. D. Laing\uff0c\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Divided-Self-Existential-Madness-Psychology\/dp\/0140135375\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=Q0RG9WD1OQJN&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.D6kFDerrm7zb59nWvoDosA.xbiK3dqo0gc1hJxhBjKLeB2FbpoKxN-ZcNgZYuCcGus&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=The+Divided+Self%3A+An+Existential+Study+in+Sanity+and+Madness+%282010%29%E2%80%9D&amp;qid=1729744808&amp;sprefix=the+divided+self+an+existential+study+in+sanity+and+madness+2010+%2Caps%2C461&amp;sr=8-1\"><em>The Divided Self: An Existential Study in Sanity and Madness (2010)<\/em>\u201d<\/a> \uff09\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u8b49\u8a00\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u4f34\u96a8\u8457 \u201c\u6211\u201d \u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u660e\u986f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7e3d\u662f\u9810\u8a2d\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u7834\u788e\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff08 pp 16-17 \uff09\uff0c\u5be6\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa Winkler \u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u8b49\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0cRafael Winkler \u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u9810\u671f\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u548c\u5805\u6c7a\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u64c1\u6709\u6211\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u201d \uff08 p 1 \uff09\u5728\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e4b\u524d\u7576\u7136\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u8207 Heidegger \u6240\u5beb\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6a23\uff0cRafael Winkler \u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee4\u4eba\u8ff7\u5931\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u7834\u788e\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u59cb\u7d42\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u3001\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u4f46\u5f9e\u672a\u51fa\u73fe\u7684 \u201c\u4e8b\u4ef6 event\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf Derrida \u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5( pp 20-24 )\u3002\u7531\u65bc Winkler \u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u662f \u201c\u7368\u7279\u6027\u201d \uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u6eff\u610f\u5730\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0cDerrida \u5c0d\u54c0\u60bc\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8207 Heidegger \u5c0d\u54c0\u60bc\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u5316\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4e00\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u4f46\u50c5\u6191\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e26\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5373 Heidegger \u6216 Derrida \u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5426\u66f4\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u300cSelf and Other\u300d\u4e2d\uff0cRafael Winkler \u7e7c\u7e8c\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u5728\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u53ec\u559a\uff08 Heidegger \uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u53ec\u559a\uff08 Levinas \uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u6839\u64da Winkler \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u5340\u5225\u5728\u65bc\uff0cHeidegger \u7684\u53ec\u559a\u662f\u5f9e\u6b64\u5728 Dasein \u5167\u90e8\u767c\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u53ec\u559a\u5b83\u7368\u7279\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u800c\u53ec\u559a\u5247\u662f\u5f9e\u5916\u90e8\u53ec\u559a\u6211\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u55ae\u4e00\u6027\u4e2d\u6311\u9078\u51fa\u5c0d\u65b9\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c Heidegger \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b64\u5728 Dasein \u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u5167\u5728\u7684 \u201c\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u76f8\u7570\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc Levinas \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5916\u90e8\u7684 \u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u502b\u7406\u76f8\u7570\u6027\u201d\uff08 p 41 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0cRafael Winkler \u4e5f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Paul Ricoeur \u5728 \u201c<em>Oneself as Another (1995)<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u8a66\u5716\u5728 Heidegger \u548c Levinas \u4e4b\u9593\u627e\u5230\u4e2d\u9593\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u3002Ricoeur \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u7981\u4ee4\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u6b64\u5728 Dasein \u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u547c\u559a\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u8005\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u5167\u5728\u627f\u8a8d\u6216\u8b49\u660e\u3002\u9019\u5c07\u4f7f\u9019\u9805\u547c\u7c72\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u800c Heidegger \u5247\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5c07\u9019\u9805\u53ec\u559a\u9328\u5b9a\u5728\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7d04\u675f\u65bc\u5c0d\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u8207 Levinas \u50c5\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u53ec\u559a\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Winkler \u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u4e5f\u5c07\u652f\u6301 Fran\u00e7ois Raffoul ( \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Origins-Responsibility-Studies-Continental-Thought\/dp\/0253221730\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3OLXZHWRVACU2&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.aMKnjqx77BUlnqC3WmSg-eiersk5OrQRo2uloXC8TdKA2SU_RyH7-zcvHWv3hccj-8VpW2M4tw8-gxe2hGKAkVTFZ8VUX4D7GgYvbCgUcCuNnnB5_37qW53AbD38scCMGd7CrO4_lt9ClkMOcJ759vmad7zV7f-CZySPA6PyuSkeS-qgfc6PeqtbNm0HSLZXlT77eaetK3fVCqOBLEVEppgbW8hp08Xc6zBu3-632Yo.bSumPtWzgF2E2xozSmluQBWi2CYgxaaldvpnqxlGSQY&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=The+Origins+of+Responsibility&amp;qid=1729745338&amp;sprefix=the+origins+of+responsibility+%2Caps%2C492&amp;sr=8-1\">The Origins of Responsibility (2010)<\/a><\/em>\u201d ) \u548c Fran\u00e7oise Dastur ( \u201cThe Call of Conscience: The Most Intimate Alterity \u201c in \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Heidegger-Philosophy-Contemporary-Continental-2002-03-21\/dp\/B01N5KUAQW\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3PYWH830ZE5NK&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.WGwpCKlj_L2KqsrqnQqwAa-hW5D4iqB2j12DKlLCfT4.UVd-4skeojsS8ltPD3UcofUYC_ast8ZnHqRDg9CgCa0&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Heidegger+and+Practical+Philosophy+%282002%29&amp;qid=1729745365&amp;sprefix=heidegger+and+practical+philosophy+2002+%2Caps%2C507&amp;sr=8-1\">Heidegger and Practical Philosophy (2002)<\/a><\/em>\u201d: pp 87-98 ) \u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5617\u8a66\uff0c\u5373\u5f9e\u6b64\u5728 Dasein \u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u76f8\u7570\u6027\u4e2d\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u76f8\u7570\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u548c\u89e3\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cRafael Winkler \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c \u201c\u6c92\u6709\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u6216\u89e3\u91cb\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u7531\u201d \u6301\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u5728\u901a\u8a71\u4e2d\u548c\u900f\u904e\u901a\u8a71\uff09\u5206\u914d\u8cac\u4efb\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7d93\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5916\u754c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5429\u5490\uff0c\u9019\u6a23 \u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\u201d \u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u4e86\uff08 p 45 \uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd \u201c\u5c07\u5efa\u69cb\u81ea\u6211\u5167\u5728\u6027\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u95dc\u4fc2\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u8207\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u793e\u6703\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0a\u201d \uff08 p 45 \uff09\u3002\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u675f\u7e1b\u5728\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u53ec\u559a\u8207\u4f86\u81ea\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u53ec\u559a\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u4e26\u4e0d\u540c\u69cb\uff0c\u6b64\u5728 Dasein \u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\uff08\u627f\u8a8d\u826f\u5fc3\u7684\u53ec\u559a\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eba\u5c0d\u6211\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\uff08 p 46 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u300cFigurations\u300d\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u7d55\u5c0d\u76f8\u7570\u6027\u6216\u7368\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u65b9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u502b\u7406\u8003\u91cf\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u3002Rafael Winkler \u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa Heidegger \u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u548c Levinas \u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5171\u540c\u9ede\uff08 pp 48-50 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5be6\u9ad4\u548c\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u5b58\u5728\u4e26\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4efb\u4f55\u843d\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u77e5\u53c3\u6578\u6216\u5be6\u9ad4\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u628a\u63e1\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u4e26\u964d\u683c\u70ba\u865b\u7121\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u88ab\u62cb\u5728\u4e00\u908a\u7684\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u5b83\u62d2\u7d55\u878d\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u8005\uff08 Levinas \uff09\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\uff08 Heidegger \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u6216\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u6975\u9650\u4e0b\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u201c\u7d55\u5c0d\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u9003\u907f\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u5316\u3001\u9810\u671f\u548c\u7406\u6027\u63a7\u5236\uff08 p 49 \uff09\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7d14\u7cb9\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b \u201c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u201d\uff08 p 54 \uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5148\u65bc\u5c07\u5b58\u5728\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba \u201c\u67d0\u4eba\u201d \u548c \u201c\u67d0\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005 \u201c\u751a\u9ebc\u201d \u6216\u201c\u8ab0\u201d \uff08 p 55 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rafael Winkler \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c Heidegger\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u5b58\u6709\u6982\u5ff5\u5340\u5225\u65bc\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b58\u6709\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9019\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u300c\u662f\u300d\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\u4e26\u4fdd\u6301\u96b1\u85cf\uff0c\u662f\u5be6\u9ad4\u6240\u6709\u7a4d\u6975\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u7576 Levinas \u5c07\u5973\u6027\u8996\u70ba\u4e0d\u53ef\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u9084\u539f\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u65e9\u65bc\u5bb6\u5ead\u6642\uff0cLevinas \u4e5f\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\u4e86\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u5c07\u5bb6\u6e96\u5099\u70ba\u5ba2\u4eba\u548c\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u7684 \u201c\u6d41\u653e\u548c\u907f\u96e3\u6240\u201d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u5920\u5c45\u4f4f\u6216\u5c45\u4f4f\uff08 p 59 \uff09\u3002Winkler \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cLevinas \u7684 \u201c\u5973\u6027\u7684\u9000\u7e2e\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u662f \u201c\u5c0d Heidegger \u5b58\u6709\u9000\u7e2e\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u201d\uff08 p 59 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f5c\u70ba\u601d\u8003\u7d55\u5c0d\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5617\u8a66\uff0cRafael Winkler \u6307\u51fa Derrida \u7684 \u201c\u7d55\u5c0d\u5230\u4f86 absolute <em>arrivant<\/em>\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u548c\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u71b1\u60c5\u597d\u5ba2\uff08 p 61 \uff09\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5728Heidegger\u3001Levinas \u548c Derrida \u7684\u8a31\u591a\u8868\u9762\u5dee\u7570\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed4\u7d30\u95b1\u8b80\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u6700\u6df1\u5c64\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5171\u901a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u300cDwelling\u300d\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u95e1\u8ff0\uff0cRafael Winkler \u900f\u904e\u5c0d Heidegger \u95dc\u65bc H\u00f6lderlin \u7684\u8b1b\u5ea7\u7684\u6975\u5176\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86 Heidegger \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f85\u5ba2\u4e4b\u9053\uff08Gastfreundschaft\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u6b61\u8fce\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u9032\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u8fce\u63a5\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5c0b\u627e\u5bb6\u5e38\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002Winkler \u5f15\u7528 Heidegger \u95dc\u65bc \u201c<em>Der Ister<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u8868\u660e\uff0c Heidegger \u77e5\u9053 \u201c\u5c0d\u6b63\u7576\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u632a\u7528\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u8207\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u548c\u8cd3\u5ba2\u822c\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u201d \uff08 p 83 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u300cBeyond Truth\u300d\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e Derrida \u548c Heidegger \u5c0d Nietzsche \u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u548c\u771f\u7406\u754c\u9650\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002Rafael Winkler \u8655\u65bc\u4e2d\u7acb\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6279\u8a55 Derrida \u5c0d Nietzsche \u7684\u89e3\u8b80 \u201c\u904e\u5ea6\u95dc\u6ce8\u904a\u6232\u548c\u8af7\u523a\u201d\uff08 p 102 \uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ed6\u4e5f\u76f8\u61c9\u5730\u5c0d Heidegger \u5728 Nietzsche \u7684\u9019\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u660e\u986f\u5ffd\u8996\u63d0\u51fa\u7570\u8b70\uff08 p 96 \uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cWinkler \u8a8d\u70ba Nietzsche \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u653e\u68c4\u771f\u7406\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f \u201c\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc Husserl \u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u61f8\u7f6e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d \u8a8d\u53ef\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\uff08 p 87 \uff09\uff0c\u9019\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u95e1\u8ff0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8207 Nietzsche \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u900f\u904e \u201c\u5ee2\u9664\u771f\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5ee2\u9664\u4e86 \u201c\u8868\u89c0\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u300cSubstance\u300d\u7a81\u7136\u504f\u96e2\u4e86\u524d\u5e7e\u7ae0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u7dda\uff0c\u5c0d\u7f85\u99ac\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u8853\u8a9e \u201c\u5be6\u9ad4&nbsp;<em>substance&nbsp;<\/em>or&nbsp;<em>substantia<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u96d6\u7136 Rafael Winkler \u6307\u51fa\uff0csubstantia \u7ffb\u8b6f\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e ousia \u662f\u5171\u8b58\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65b0\u7f85\u99ac\u73fe\u5be6\u5f37\u8abf\u4fee\u8fad\u3001\u516c\u5171\u885d\u7a81\u548c\u6cd5\u9662\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e9b\u885d\u7a81\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u91ab\u5b78\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8853\u8a9e \u201c\u5be6\u8cea &nbsp;<em>substantia<\/em>\u201d \u6307\u7684\u662f\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3001\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6cd5\u91ab\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7528\u9014\uff08 p 125 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96d6\u7136\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u9019\u7a2e\u898b\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u524d\u9762\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4f46\u8b80\u8005\u6703\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cRafael Winkler \u4e5f\u89f8\u53ca\u4e86 Stoic \u6d3e\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u5c6c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u8af8\u5982\u6b64\u985e\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff08 p 120 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u986f\u7136\u8207 Winkler \u5c0d\u7121\u689d\u4ef6\u55ae\u6578\u7684\u6700\u521d\u63a2\u7a76\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4f46\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0cWinkler \u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6839\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002 \uff08\u9806\u4fbf\u8aaa\u4e00\u53e5\uff0cWinkler \u4e5f\u932f\u904e\u4e86 Heidegger \u81ea\u5df1\u5728 \u201c<em>Zur Bestimmung der Philosophie<\/em>\u201d \u7b2c 20 \u7bc0\u4e2d\u5c0d \u201c\u67d0\u7269 something\u201d \u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002( \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.de\/Gesamtausgabe-Abt-Weltanschauungsproblem-transzendentale-Wertphilosophie\/dp\/3465030443\">Heidegger Gesamtausgabe 56_57) Zur Bestimmung der Philosophie (1999)<\/a><\/em>\u201d \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5728\u5f37\u8abf Heidegger\u3001Levinas \u548c Derrida \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u63a5\u8fd1\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46 Rafael Winkler \u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u89c0\u5bdf\u548c\u8ad6\u6587\u9032\u5c55\u8cea\u91cf\u53c3\u5dee\u4e0d\u9f4a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u95e1\u8ff0\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8981\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rafael Winkler \u5be9\u8996\u4e86 Heidegger \u4ee5\u53ca Derrida\u3001Levinas \u548c Nietzsche \u7684\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u523a\u6fc0\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u771f\u7406\u751a\u81f3\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9762\u5c0d\u4e0d\u53ef\u60f3\u50cf\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b \u2500\u2500 \u601d\u60f3\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6975\u9650\u3002 \u7576\u6211\u5011\u9047\u5230\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8207\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad4\u9a57\u5230\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u9019\u7a2e \u201c\u6709\u9650\u6027\u601d\u7dad thinking of finitude\u201d \u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ac7\u8ad6\u548c\u8a55\u4f30\u7d55\u5c0d\u964c\u751f\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u6697\u793a\u7d55\u5c0d\u7684\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u6216\u5916\u570b\u4eba\u3002 Winkler \u95e1\u91cb\u4e86 Heidegger \u95dc\u65bc\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u3001\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u7a2e\u8207\u601d\u60f3\u9650\u5236\u7684\u906d\u9047\u662f Heidegger\u3001Levinas \u548c Nietzsche \u5dee\u7570\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx \u201cPhilosophy of Finitude: Heidegger, Levinas and Nietzsche\u201d \u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86 Heidegger\u3001Levinas \u548c Nietzsche \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u6b7b\u4ea1\u548c\u81e8\u7d42\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0: Death, the &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/10\/24\/philosophy-of-finitude-heidegger-levinas-and-nietzsche\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2qt","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9329"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9329\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9331,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9329\/revisions\/9331"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}