{"id":9367,"date":"2024-12-29T16:16:34","date_gmt":"2024-12-29T16:16:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9367"},"modified":"2024-12-29T16:16:34","modified_gmt":"2024-12-29T16:16:34","slug":"idealism-relativism-and-realism-new-essays-on-objectivity-beyond-the-analytic-continental-divide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/12\/29\/idealism-relativism-and-realism-new-essays-on-objectivity-beyond-the-analytic-continental-divide\/","title":{"rendered":"Idealism, Relativism, and Realism: New Essays on Objectivity Beyond the Analytic-Continental Divide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7e\u5834\u722d\u8ad6 \u2014\u2014 \u4ee5\u201c\u65b0\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6b50\u9678\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u201d \u6216\u201c\u601d\u8fa8\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u7b49\u6a19\u984c\u800c\u805e\u540d \u2014\u2014 \u5df2\u7d93\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u8861\u91cf\u771f\u7406\u548c\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u68c4\u771f\u7406\u6216\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6f6e\u6d41\u4e2d\u53cd\u8986\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u5167\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u7684\u63d0\u7149\u3002\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u6771\u897f\u61c9\u8a72\u200b\u200b\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u504f\u898b\u3001\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u73fe\u72c0\u6240\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u689d\u4ef6\u3002 \u201c<em>Idealism, Relativism, and Realism: New Essays on Objectivity Beyond the Analytic-Continental Divide<\/em>\u201d \u66f8\u532f\u96c6\u4e86\u570b\u969b\u5091\u51fa\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u8868\u904e\u95dc\u65bc\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u3001\u8a8d\u8b58\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7d93\u5e38\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u6b78\u5165\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u805a\u7126\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6f84\u6e05\u7576\u4eca\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u6b50\u9678\u7684\u7684\u9d3b\u6e9d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\u5be6\u5728\u6700\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u901a\u904e\u8a62\u554f \u201c\u5b58\u6709\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u201d \u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u901a\u904e\u95dc\u6ce8\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u985e\u5225\u53ca\u5176\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u662f\u900f\u904e \u201c\u5206\u6790 analytic\u201d \u54f2\u5b78\u548c \u201c\u6b50\u9678 continental\u201d \u54f2\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u548c\u4e3b\u984c\u5206\u6b67\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u986f\u8457\u6210\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5283\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u7d93\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u662f\u7d93\u9a57\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u79d1\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u771f\u7406\u548c\u5be6\u5728\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u8cea\u7591\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u54f2\u5b78\u7bc4\u7587\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u7bc4\u7587\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u771f\u7406\u548c\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u61c9\u540c\u6a23\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5341\u516d\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5c07\u7406\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6700\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u300c\u65b0\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6 New Realism\u300d\u3001\u300c<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/7813\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u65b0\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9 New Materialism<\/a>\u300d\u3001 \u300c\u601d\u8fa8\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6 Speculative Realism\u300d\u7b49\u6a19\u984c\u4e0b\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u4e0a\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u672c\u9ad4\u8207\u73fe\u8c61\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u9023\u540c\u5b83\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u616e\u719f\u6089\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6230\u7dda\uff0c\u5c07\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u548c\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u5206\u958b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u95e1\u660e\u7d66\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u6771\u897f\u61c9\u8a72\u200b\u200b\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u601d\u8003\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u504f\u898b\u3001\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u5f35\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u61c9\u8a72\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4e16\u754c\u73fe\u72c0\u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u771f\u7406\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4ecd\u7136\u61f8\u800c\u672a\u6c7a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9019\u4e9b\u771f\u503c\u689d\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8207\u5ba2\u9ad4\u5728\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6027\u548c\u904e\u7a0b\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u7576\u4ee3\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u9069\u61c9\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u6642\u6240\u5805\u6301\u7684\uff1f\u5be6\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u4e0a\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u9748\u53ef\u4ee5\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u66f8\u7c4d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u55ce\uff1f\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u8ca1\u7522\uff08\u5982\u91d1\u9322\u6216\u5a5a\u59fb\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7fa3\u9ad4\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\u55ce\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u5716\u666f world-picture\u300d\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8 \u201c<em>Idealism, Relativism, and Realism: New Essays on Objectivity Beyond the Analytic-Continental Divide<\/em>\u201d \u5c07\u805a\u7126\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6f84\u6e05\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u672c\u66f8\u4e3b\u984c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u8fd1\u5c0d\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u63a2\u7a76\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u6a19\u8a18\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u50b3\u7d71\u548c\u5927\u9678\u50b3\u7d71\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u5ee3\u6cdb\u800c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u70ba\u5c0d\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6311\u6230\u548c\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6b50\u9678\u300d\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u8cea\u7591\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u8ad6\u8b49\u548c\u8a34\u8af8\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u7d50\u679c\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u6b0a\u89e3\u91cb\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u300c\u5206\u6790\u300d\u50b3\u7d71\u8a31\u591a\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u7fa9 \u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u8ad6\u8b49\u548c\u8a34\u8af8\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 (Peter Unger, \u201c<em>Empty Ideas: A Critique of Analytic Philosophy. OUP. (2014)<\/em>\u201d&nbsp;)\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u53e4\u5178\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5728\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u4e2d\u5805\u6301\u5c0d\u5f8c\u8005\u9032\u884c\u666e\u904d\u7684 \u201c\u62ec\u865f\u5316 bracketing\u201d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6709\u504f\u898b\u5730\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u56b4\u683c\u5340\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u8b74\u8cac\u8a31\u591a\u300c\u6b50\u9678\u300d\u8457\u4f5c\u660e\u986f\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u54c0\u5606\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u76f8\u5c0d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u78ba\u7d50\u8ad6\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6587\u672c\u548c\u98a8\u683c\u986f\u7136\u8207\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u3001\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u548c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u6b50\u9678\u300d\u50b3\u7d71\u76f8\u9023\u7e8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u5c0d\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u300c\u5206\u6790\u300d\u554f\u984c\u505a\u51fa\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec Paul Boghossian ( \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/3486\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Fear of Knowledge: Against Relativism and Constructivism. OUP (2006)<\/em><\/a>\u201d )\u3001Ray Brassier ( \u201c<em>Nihil Unbound: Enlightenment and Extinction-Palgrave (2007)<\/em>\u201d; \u201cThe Enigma of Realism: On Quentin Meillassoux\u2019s After Finitude\u201d in Robin Mackay (Editor), \u201c<em>Collapse: Philosophical Research and Development. Speculative Realism. 2-Urbanomic (2007)<\/em>)\u201d\u3001, Maurizio Ferraris ( \u201c<em>Manifesto of New Realism (2014)<\/em>\u201d)\u3001Markus Gabriel ( \u201c<em>Sinn und Existenz. Eine realistische Ontologie-Suhrkamp (2016)<\/em>\u201d; \u201cFacts, Social Facts, and Sociology\u201d in \u201c<em>The Normative Structures of Human Civilization. Readings in John Searle\u00b4s Social Ontology (Werner Gephart&nbsp;Jan Christoph Suntrup (eds.))\u201d<\/em>)\u3001Iain Hamilton Grant ( \u201c<em>Philosophies of Nature After Schelling-Continuum (2006)\u201d <\/em>) \u548c Graham Harman ( \u201c<em>Towards Speculative Realism: Essays and Lectures (2010)\u201d<\/em>; \u201c<em>The Quadruple Object-Zero Books (2011)\u201d<\/em>) \u7b49\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u4e0a\u4ee5 \u201c\u65b0\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6 \u201d \u6216\u201c\u601d\u8fa8\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6 \u201d\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u7d93\u5e38\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u62d2\u7d55\u901a\u5e38\u8207 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6f6e\u6d41\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7d14\u7cb9<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/truth-coherence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u771f\u7406\u878d\u8cab\u7406\u8ad6\u5716\u666f coherence-theoretical picture of truth<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u62d2\u7d55\u900f\u904e\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d<a href=\"https:\/\/iep.utm.edu\/red-ism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u771f\u7406\u7684\u9084\u539f\u8ad6\u5716\u666f reductionist picture of truth<\/a>\u3002\u5b83\u5c07\u73fe\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u8996\u70ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6771\u897f what there is\u300d\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u300c\u65b0\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u548c\u300c\u65b0\u6d3b\u529b\u4e3b\u7fa9 new vitalism \u300d\u7b49\u7acb\u5834 ( Richard Sandlant &#8211; \u201c<em>Real Vitalism and the New Materialism&nbsp;2016\u201d<\/em>) \u7b49\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u878d\u8cab\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\uff0c\u70ba\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u958b\u95e2\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u3001\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u548c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u65b0\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002( \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53c3\u898b Katerina Kolozova &amp; Eileen A. Joy, \u201c<em>After the &#8220;Speculative Turn&#8221; : Realism, Philosophy, and Feminism (2016)\u201d<\/em> \u4ee5\u53ca Katherine Behar (ed.) &#8211; \u201c<em>Object-Oriented Feminism-University of Minnesota Press (2016)\u201d<\/em> \u4e2d\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7acb\u5834 \uff09\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u95dc\u65bc\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u3001\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u548c\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u771f\u7406\u548c\u5be6\u5728\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5c0d\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u65b0\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4f5c\u8005\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u5be6\u5728\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u914d\u5099\u4e86 \u201c\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c outside world\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u4e8b\u614b\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u7b26\u5408\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u958b\u767c\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u7136\u800c \uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff1a\u771f\u7406\u548c\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5fc5\u9808\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u68c4\u6216\u50c5\u7528\u65bc\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u8861\u91cf\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u68c4\u771f\u7406\u6216\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u9019\u88f9\uff0c\u547d\u984c\u7684\u771f\u503c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u900f\u904e\u55ae\u4e00\u5b58\u5728\u91cf\u8a5e\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6700\u5178\u578b\u5730\u6839\u64da\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c31\u5176\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u5f62\u5f0f\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u771f\u503c\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u53cd\u601d\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u7576\u4ee3\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u548c\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u3001\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u5340\u5225\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6587\u7ae0\u65bc 2017 \u5e74\uff0812 \u6708 8 \u65e5\u81f3 9 \u65e5\uff09\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u9662\u8209\u884c\u7684\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u300c\u6b50\u9678\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\uff1a\u8d85\u8d8a\u5206\u6790\u6b50\u9678\u9d3b\u6e9d\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u3001\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u300d\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u3002( cf. Jeffrey A. Bell (editor), Andrew Cutrofello (editor), Paul M. Li<em> &#8211; <\/em>\u201c<em>Beyond the Analytic-Continental Divide- Pluralist Philosophy in the Twenty-First Century (2017)\u201d<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. \u80cc\u666f\u548c\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5118\u7ba1\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u6b50\u9678\u54f2\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e0b\u534a\u8449\u90e8\u5206\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u610f\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff08 \u7531 Wittgenstein\u3001Donald Davidson\u3001Richard Rorty\u3001Hilary&nbsp;Putnam \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa \uff09\uff0c\u986f\u8457\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u5fc3\u9748\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b \uff0c\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/materialism-eliminative\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u552f\u7269\u8ad6\u6d88\u9664\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8b8a\u9ad4<\/a>\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\uff08\u5305\u62ec Alfred Rosenberg\u3001Georges Rey\u3001Paul Churchlands \u548c James&nbsp;Ladyman\uff09\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u5929\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8b1b\uff0c\u73fe\u5be6\u6070\u6070\u7531\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u611f\u77e5\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u672a\u9047\u5230\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u7d44\u6210\u3002Wilfrid Sellars \u5c07\u9019\u4e00\u4e16\u754c\u5716\u666f\u7a31\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684 \u201c\u79d1\u5b78\u5f62\u8c61 the scientific image\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u8207\u6211\u5011\u65e5\u5e38\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u7684 \u201c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf manifest image\u201d \u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff08 \u201c<em>Science, Perception and Reality-Ridgeview (1991)<\/em>\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u552f\u7269\u8ad6\u7684\u9019\u4e00\uff08\u7121\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7c21\u5316\u7684\uff09\u5716\u666f\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6b50\u9678\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u6216\u601d\u8fa8\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u8a66\u5716\u91cd\u65b0\u6355\u6349\u53e4\u5178\u6b50\u9678\u50b3\u7d71\u4f5c\u8005\uff08\u5982 Hegel\u3001Schelling\u3001Husserl \u548c Heidegger \u7b49\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7576\u4ee3\u4ee3\u8868\u5c24\u5176\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u8868\u660e\u771f\u7406\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4e0d\u80fd\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u57fa\u65bc\u5176\u6574\u9ad4\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0d\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6771\u897f what there is\u300d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u7121\u9650\u5236\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6709\u8457\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u9700\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u9084\u539f\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u540c\u8cea\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u5c31\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u4f5c\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u9a57\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6975\u5c0f\u7684\u300c\u5340\u57df\u300d\u3002\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u89c0\u9ede\u6216\u300c\u611f\u89ba\u5834 fields of sense\u300d\uff08 Markus Gabriel &#8211; \u201c<em>Fields of Sense: A New Realist Ontology-Edinburgh UP (2015)<\/em>\u201d\uff09\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u4e8b\u5be6\u4ee5\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300c\u5b58\u5728\u751a\u9ebc\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u5c0d\u5b58\u5728\u91cf\u8a5e\u4f5c\u70ba\u547d\u984c\u771f\u503c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u7c21\u55ae\u53cd\u601d\u812b\u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Ray Brassier ( \u201c<em>Nihil Unbound: Enlightenment and Extinction-Palgrave (2007)<\/em>\u201d; \u201c<em>Collapse: Philosophical Research and Development. Speculative Realism. 2-Urbanomic (2007)<\/em>)\u201d)\u3001Graham Harman ( \u201c<em>Towards Speculative Realism: Essays and Lectures (2010)\u201d)<\/em> \u548c Paul M Livingston ( \u201c<em>The logic of being: realism, truth, and time-Northwestern UP (2017)\u201d<\/em>) \u6700\u8fd1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u8a9e\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Markus Gabriel\uff08 \u201c<em>Sinn und Existenz : eine realistische Ontologie; Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft-Suhrkamp (2014)\u201d<\/em>\uff09\u767c\u8d77\u4e86\u7576\u524d\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u3002\u4ed6\u8207\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Maurizio Ferraris\uff08 \u201c<em>Manifesto of New Realism(2014)\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u5c07\u300c\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u5f15\u5165\u54f2\u5b78\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u5099\u53d7\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u6ce8\u548c\u8b9a\u8b7d\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u4e26\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u5730\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec , Johannes H\u00fcbner ( &#8216;Existenz und Ontologie. Anmerkungen zu Markus Gabriels ontologischen Thesen&#8217; In: Markus Gabriel (Ed.): \u201c<em>Jahrbuch-Kontroversen 2. Neutraler Realismus<\/em>\u201d. Freiburg, M\u00fcnchen: Karl Alber, pp. 150\u2013164.)\u3001, Andrea Kern ( \u201c<em>\u65b0\u5b9e\u5728\u8bba \u8d85\u8d8a\u65f6\u7a7a\u754c\u9650\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u8e81\u52a8 &#8212; (\u5fb7)\u5e03\u9c81\u8bfa\u00b7\u4f0f\u683c\u66fc(Bruno Vogelmann)\u8457;\u5f20\u4e39\u5ff1\u8bd1 &#8212; 2001 &#8212; \u5317\u4eac_\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u51fa\u7248\u793e<\/em>\u201d \/ \u201c<em>New Realism: Problems and Perspectives. Sofia UP(2020)<\/em>\u201d) \u3001Anton Friedrich Koch ( \u201c<em>Jahrbuch-Kontroversen 2. Neutraler Realismus<\/em>\u201d. Freiburg, M\u00fcnchen: Karl Alber, pp. 163\u2013172.)\u3001Sebastian R\u00f6dl ( \u201c<em>Jahrbuch-Kontroversen 2. Neutraler Realismus<\/em>\u201d. Freiburg, M\u00fcnchen: Karl Alber, pp. 173\u2013176 ) \u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u671f\u520a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cPhilosophisches Jahrbuch \u548c The Monist\uff09\u6536\u9304\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u8a1d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u5a92\u9ad4\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u8207\u77e5\u8b58\u672c\u8cea\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u88ab\u4ecb\u7d39\u7d66\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u53d7\u773e\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u95dc\u65bc \u201c\u53e6\u985e\u4e8b\u5be6 alternative facts\u201d \u548c \u201c\u5047\u65b0\u805e fake news\u201d \u7684\u6d41\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2006 \u5e74\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Quentin Meillassoux \u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6709\u9650\u4e4b\u5f8c\u300b\uff08 \u201c<em>After Finitude: An Essay on the Necessity of Contingency-Continuum (2008)<\/em>\u201d\uff09\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6b50\u9678\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u63a8\u52d5\u529b\u3002Meillassoux \u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u8a5e \u201c\u76f8\u95dc\u4e3b\u7fa9 correlationism\u201d \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5faa\u74b0\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e Kant \u7684\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u8f49\u5411\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u900f\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\u5c07\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8207\u5ba2\u9ad4\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u601d\u7dad\u8207\u5b58\u5728\u9023\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u6839\u64da Meillassoux \u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5730\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u8eab\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5b83\u8207\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u6216\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f86\u8a2a\u554f\u5b83\u3002\u6839\u64da Meillassoux \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u61c9\u8a72\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u524d Kant \u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5f8c Heidegger \u601d\u60f3\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\u6fc0\u9032\u7406\u89e3\u4f86\u4ee3\u66ff\u76f8\u95dc\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5c07\u5076\u7136\u6027\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u57fa\u790e\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u3001Kant \u5f0f\u7684\u300c\u9650\u5236\u300d\u3002\u8207 Meillassoux \u985e\u4f3c\uff0cMarkus Gabriel \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u514b\u670d Kant \u5f0f\u7684 \u201c\u7269\u81ea\u8eab things in themselves\u201d \u548c \u201c\u73fe\u8c61 phenomena\u201d \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5283\u5206\uff08 \u201c<em>The Normative Structures of Human Civilization. Readings in John Searle\u00b4s Social Ontology<\/em>\u201d , pp. 49\u201368)\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u634d\u885b\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff1a\u5728\u900f\u904e\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u7d50\u69cb\u4f86\u5efa\u69cb\u73fe\u8c61\uff08\u76f8\u95dc\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff09\u4e4b\u524d\u6216\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5148\u65bc\u5176\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u300c\u8a34\u8aaa\u300d\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u4e26\u5177\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u55ae\u6578\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8ac7\u8ad6\u300c\u9019\u500b\u300d\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u80fd\u8ac7\u8ad6\u591a\u7a2e\u5171\u5b58\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u73fe\u8c61\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u662f\u8b66\u544a \u2014\u2014 \u4e0d\u77e5\u4f55\u6545\u5148\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8207 Tim Crane\uff08 \u201c<em>The Objects of Thought-OUP (2013)<\/em>\u201d\uff09\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u985e\u4f3c\uff0cGabriel \u52aa\u529b\u5c07\u865b\u69cb\u3001\u5922\u5883\u548c\u5e7b\u89ba\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u611f\u89ba\u5834\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u300c\u771f\u5be6\u300d\u554f\u984c\u5b58\u5728\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\u3002\u900f\u904e\u91cd\u65b0\u904b\u7528 Frege \u7684 \u201c\u610f\u7fa9 sense\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u908f\u8f2f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0d\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e26\u5b58\u800c\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u898f\u5b9a\u7d71\u4e00\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u5b58\u5728\u91cf\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u66f4\u65b0\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u90fd\u65e8\u5728\u514b\u670d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0cTristan Garcia ( \u201c<em>Form and Object: A Treatise on Things-Edinburgh(2014)<\/em>\u201d) \u548c Graham Harman ( \u201c<em>The Quadruple Object-Zero Books (2011)<\/em>\u201d) \u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u8ca2\u737b\u4e86\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u7d50\u69cb\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u514b\u670d\u8a31\u591a\u5f8c Kant \u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u554f\u984c\u7684\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u5728 Paul M Livingston \u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8457\u4f5c ( \u201c<em>The logic of being: realism, truth, and time-Northwestern UP (2017)\u201d<\/em>) \u4e2d\u4e5f\u5360\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u8b93 Frege\u3001Davidson\u3001Dummett \u548c Wittgenstein \u7b49\u4f5c\u8005\u8207 Heidegger \u5c0d\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u5373 \u201c\u63ed\u9732 unconcealment\u201d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u8a9e\u8a00\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u5c0d\u8c61\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u70ba\u8207\u6642\u9593\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u771f\u7406\u6574\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u89e3\u91cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207 Graham Harman ( \u201c<em>Towards Speculative Realism: Essays and Lectures (2010)\u201d<\/em>; \u201c<em>The Quadruple Object-Zero Books (2011)<\/em>\u201d) \u53d7 Heidegger \u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u7269\u9ad4\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u865b\u69cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u5b78\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u90fd\u4ee5\u7a81\u5140\u6216\u300c\u9000\u7e2e withdrawa\u300d\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u70ba\u7279\u5fb5\u3002Dominik Finkelde \u5728\u4ed6\u7684 \u201c<em>Excessive Subjectivity: Kant, Hegel, Lacan, and the Foundations of Ethics-Columbia (2018)<\/em>\u201d \u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e86\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u601d\u8def \uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u5f9e\u9762\u5411\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f9e\u9762\u5411\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cRay Brassier \u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u5230\u7684 \u201c<em>Nihil Unbound: Enlightenment and Extinction-Palgrave (2007)<\/em>\u201d \u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53cd\u601d\u79d1\u5b78\u6d1e\u5bdf\u73fe\u5be6\u548c\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u672a\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6700\u7d42\u6d88\u9664\u548c\u525d\u596a\u300c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u300d\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u82f1\u8a9e\u548c\u5fb7\u8a9e\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u8005\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002\u5404\u7a2e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8207\u53cd\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u8207\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e3b\u984c\u4ea4\u7e54\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u300c\u7d93\u5178\u300d\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u5177\u9ad4\u6216\u62bd\u8c61\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u6578\u5b57\u3001\u793e\u6703\u4e8b\u5be6 \u3001\u5e7b\u89ba\u3001\u865b\u69cb\u5be6\u9ad4\uff09\u3001\u6709\u95dc\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c6c\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u7d05\u8272\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4f86\u6e90\uff08Andrea Kern &#8211; \u201c<em>Sources of Knowledge: On the Concept of a Rational Capacity for Knowledge-Harvard(2017)<\/em>\u201d \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. \u5167\u6587<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1aIdealism \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c0d\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u89e3\u91cb\u8207\u9019\u88cf\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u6709\u8457\u5167\u5728\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u5fb7\u570b\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7e3d\u9ad4\u4e0a\u4f46\u4e26\u975e\u552f\u4e00\u5730\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d \uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u53c3\u8003\u7576\u4ee3\u5206\u6790\u54f2\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6539\u7de8\u4f86\u8003\u616e\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6839\u64da \u201c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58 self-consciousness\u201d \uff08Sebastian R\u00f6dl\uff09\u767c\u5c55\u4e86\u5c0d\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u6ce8\u77e5\u8b58\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u529b\u300d\uff08Andrea Kern\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u53c3\u8003\u300c\u4e00\u822c\u908f\u8f2f\u539f\u7406\u300d\uff08G. Anthony Bruno\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6309 Robert Stalnaker\uff08Paul Redding\uff09\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5c0d\u300c\u73fe\u5be6\u300d\u7684\u53cdDavid Lewis \u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sebastian R\u00f6dl \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0 \u201cMetaphysics, Thinking, and Being\u201d \u4e2d\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4e86 Barry Stroud \u7684 \u201c<em>Engagement and Metaphysical Dissatisfaction: Modality and Value&nbsp;-OUP (2011)<\/em>\u201d \u4e00\u66f8\u3002\u53c3\u8003 Aristotle \u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff0cR\u00f6dl \u6311\u6230\u4e86 Stroud \u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5373\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u5167\u5728\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u548c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u9805\u76ee\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u4e0d\u6eff\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u6839\u64da R\u00f6dl \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0cStroud \u5c07\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8996\u70ba\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u78ba\u5b9a\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\u6642\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u638c\u63e1\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u4f46\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\u88ab\u7368\u7acb\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e26\u96a8\u5f8c\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03 \uff1ai\uff09\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u601d\u8003\uff0cii\uff09\u6211\u5011\u6240\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u6839\u64da R\u00f6dl \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0cStroud \u8a8d\u70ba\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff08\u5373\u95dc\u65bc\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u5c31\u5176\u5b58\u6709\u800c\u8a00\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u5b58\u6709\u548c\u601d\u7dad\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4e26\u4e0d\u7814\u7a76\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5c0d\u601d\u60f3\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u89e3 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G. Anthony Bruno \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0 \u201cJacobi\u2019s Dare: McDowell, Meillassoux, and Consistent Idealism\u201d \u4e2d\u95dc\u6ce8 Kant \u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002Kant \u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5426\u72a7\u7272\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8de8\u8d8a\u300c\u6b50\u9678\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5206\u6790\u300d\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff08\u5f9e F.H. Jacobi \u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Peter Strawson\u3001John McDowell \u548c Quentin Meillassoux \uff09\u6240\u601d\u8003\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u6070\u6070\u65e8\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u7d50\u69cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6a21\u614b\u72c0\u614b\uff1f\u5c0d\u65bc Meillassoux \u6700\u8fd1\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0cKant \u5c0d\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\u8981\u6c42\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u62d2\u7d55 Kant \u7684\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4ee5\u6293\u4f4f\u300c\u81ea\u8eab\u300d \u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0cMeillassoux \u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u653e\u68c4\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4eba\u985e\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u529b\u6975\u9650\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cBruno \u8faf\u8b77\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5c0d Bruno \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u89e3\u91cb\u662f\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u6240\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4e00\u822c\u908f\u8f2f\u539f\u5247\u670d\u5f9e\u65bc Kant \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u5224\u65b7\u539f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Andrea Kern \u5728\u5979\u7684\u6587\u7ae0 \u201cHow Not to be a Na\u00efve Realist: On Knowledge and Perception \u201d \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d John McDowell \u548c Berry Stroud \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u5b83\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a\u611f\u77e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u611f\u77e5\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u4e2d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u3002Kern \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u963b\u7919\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u969c\u7919\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5373\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u5169\u7a2e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8207\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u96d9\u91cd\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u89c0\u9ede\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cKern \u8a8d\u70ba\u611f\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u672c\u8eab\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5176\u627f\u8f09\u8005\u4ff1\u5099\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u611f\u6027\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u8003\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u77e5\u89ba\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7406\u89e3\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u667a\u529b\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u8868\u5fb5\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u524d\u7406\u8ad6\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u76f4\u89ba\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anton Friedrich Koch \u5728 \u201cIs Hermeneutic Realism a Dialectical Materialism? Thinking With and Beyond Heidegger and Adorno\u201d \u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5c0d\u8a6e\u91cb\u5b78\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u7acb\u5834\u4e3b\u8981\u57fa\u65bc Kant \u548c Heidegger \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4e26\u8207 Irad Kimhi \u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u7406\u8ad6\uff08 \u201c<em>Thinking and Being-Harvard Univ Pr (2018)<\/em>\u201d \uff09\u548c\u601d\u7dad\u5b58\u5728\u95dc\u4fc2\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5340\u5206\u3002Koch \u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8b02\u8a9e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6b64\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u53cd\u5c0d Kimhi \u95dc\u65bc\u5426\u5b9a\u8b02\u8a9e\u9673\u8ff0\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u7136\u5f8c \uff0c\u4ed6\u53c3\u8003 Aristotle \u7684 \u201caisthesis\u201d \u548c \u201cnoesis\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e86 Heidegger \u7684 \u201c\u63ed\u9732unconcealment\u201d \u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u57fa\u65bc\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u7684 \u201c\u8a6e\u91cb\u5b78\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u201d \u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u5b78\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u6b64\u63a5\u89f8\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u3002Koch \u8ffd\u96a8 Adorno\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u601d\u7dad\u900f\u904e\u89e3\u91cb\u6027\u5730\u53c3\u8207\u8207\u540c\u4e00\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u6027\u5c0d\u6297\uff0c\u5f9e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7269\u8cea\u6027\u4e2d\u300c\u904b\u4f5c works\u300d\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u8a6e\u91cb\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u50c5\u63a5\u8fd1 Hegel \u548c Marx \uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e5f\u771f\u6b63\u9298\u523b\u5728\u8faf\u8b49\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iain Hamilton Grant \u5728 \u201cNature after Nature, or Naturephilosophical Futurism\u201d \u4e2d\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86 Friedrich&nbsp;Schelling \u5c0d\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u6cd5 Weltgesetz\u300d\u6216\u4e16\u754c\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5c0d&nbsp;Schelling \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u548c\u958b\u653e\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c0\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u5ba2\u89c0\u69cb\u9020\u7269\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cSchelling \u8d0a\u6210\u5c07\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u54f2\u5b78\u8996\u70ba\u500b\u9ad4\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0d Schelling \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u884c\u661f\u300d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u300c\u6574\u500b\u5b87\u5b99\u300d\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6574\u9ad4 \u2014\u2014 \u751a\u81f3\u9023\u4e00\u500b\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5728\u5167\u7684\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0d Schelling \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c0\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u5206\u6563\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1aRelativism \u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u548c\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e0b\u5c0d\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u5c24\u5176\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u7fa3\u9ad4\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u300c\u672c\u8eab in themselves\u300d\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b49\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u4f5c\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5269\u9918\u7279\u5fb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u7d93\u6fdf\u689d\u4ef6\u548c\u8207\u6027\u5225\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ca\u5176\u793e\u6703\u8c61\u5fb5\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Johannes H\u00fcbner \u5728 \u201cMetaontological Deflationism and Ontological Realism\u201d \u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86Eli Hirsch \u7684\u5b58\u6709\u7dca\u7e2e\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5728 Hirsch \u7684\u91cf\u8a5e\u65b9\u5dee quantifier variance \u5b78\u8aaa\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u9ad4\u73fe\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u722d\u8b70\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u4e0d\u540c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5c0d\u5b58\u6709\u91cf\u5316\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u3002H\u00fcbner \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u91cf\u8a5e\u65b9\u5dee\u5982\u4f55\u8207\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7cfe\u7e8f\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf H\u00fcbner \u6240\u4e3b\u5f35\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b58\u6709\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0cHirsch \u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u500b\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\u662f\u5177\u6709\u8aa4\u5c0e\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Martin Kusch \u662f David Bloor \u548c Harry Collins \u50b3\u7d71\u77e5\u8b58\u793e\u6703\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u652f\u6301\u8005 ( Martin Kusch &#8211; \u201c<em>Sociology of science: Bloor, Collins, Latour<\/em>\u201d ) \uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c \u201cStances, Voluntarism, Relativism,\u201d \u4e2d\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86 Bas van Fraassen \u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u968e\u6bb5\u662fvan Fraassen \u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5169\u500b\u9762\u5411\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5f8c\u8005\u5c07\u300c\u7acb\u5834 stances\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5145\u5206\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff08\u8207\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u300c\u6559\u7fa9\u300d\u76f8\u6bd4\uff09\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\uff082\uff09van Fraassen \u5c0d\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u552f\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3b\u7fa9 epistemic voluntarism\u300d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u65e8\u5728\u62d2\u7d55\u7406\u6027\u539f\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5fc5\u9808\u63a1\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b78\u7bc4\u5f0f\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u89e3\u91cb\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002Kusch \u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5c07\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u300c\u7acb\u5834\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u552f\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff09\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u95dc\u65bc\u8a8d\u77e5\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u9023\u7d50\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dominik Finkelde \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0 \u201cSubjectivity as a Feature of Reality\u201d \u4e2d\u91cd\u9ede\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u771f\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f62\u5f0f\u56e0\u7d20\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u626d\u66f2\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u7279\u5225\u63d0\u5230 Hegel \u548c Lacan \u5c0d Hegel \u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u7684\u6539\u7de8\u3002Lacan \u8ac7\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u524d\u7406\u8ad6\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u88ab\u73fe\u5be6\u7a31\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u7528\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5e7b\u60f3\u586b\u88dc\u4e86\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e7b\u60f3\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u89d2\u8272\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u548c\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u5f9e\u4f86\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u904f\u5236\u7684\u3002\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u4f5c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5c0d \u201c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6771\u897f\u201d \u7684\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u5c0d\u6297\u6027\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u6027\u4e2d\u5f71\u97ff\u8457 \u201c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6771\u897f\u201d\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u9084\u662f\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7e3d\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002Finkelde \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u53c3\u8003 Kant \u548c Hegel\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u8207 Lacan \u6240\u8b02\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u4ea4\u7e54\uff0c\u662f\u73fe\u5be6\u4f5c\u70ba\u865b\u64ec\u6027\u7684\u7279\u5fb5 \uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u6a19\u8a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ray Brassier \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0 \u201cConcrete-in-Thought, Concrete-in-Reality\u201d \u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86 Marx \u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u5728\u6839\u64da Wilfrid Sellars \u7684\u8457\u200b\u200b\u4f5c\u95b1\u8b80\u6642\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e0a\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u8003\u616e\u5230\u73fe\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6839\u64da Marx \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d50\u69cb\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5f9e\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7d93\u6fdf\u6642\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\uff09\uff0c\u8207\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 \u201c\u7a2e\u985e\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u8207\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u5340\u5225\u50c5\u5728\u65bc \u201c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deborah Goldgaber \u5728 \u201cMatter and Indifference\u201d \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u6301\u7e8c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\u6027\u5225\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7279\u5fb5\u9084\u662f\u672c\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u900f\u904e\u5176\u8a71\u8a9e\u6d3b\u52d5\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u300c\u6027\u5225\u5316 gendered\u300d\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Karen Barad \u7b49\u4eba\u5f9e\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5973\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53cd\u5c0d Judith Butler \u6240\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u300c\u6027\u5225\u5316\u300d\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u662f\u898f\u7bc4\u6587\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u6709\u529b\u800c\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff1f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5c31\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u81ea\u7136\u5728\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7576\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u878d\u5165\u6b0a\u529b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u518d\u6b21\u5d29\u6f70\u3002Goldgaber \u53c3\u8003\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u89e3\u8b80\u4e86\u9019\u5834\u8faf\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u722d\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u570d\u7e5e\u5169\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u8abf\u548c\u6027\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5730\u806f\u7e6b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1aRealism \u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u7576\u4ee3\u548c\u300c\u65b0\u300d\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f Markus Gabriel\u3001Graham Harman \u548c Jocelyn Benoist \u7b49\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u548c\u634d\u885b\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Markus Gabriel \u5728 \u201cSaying What is Not\u201d \u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u95dc\u65bc\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u5f31\u9ede\u6e90\u65bc\u4eba\u5011\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b58\u5728\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u7684\u300c\u76ee\u9304 catalogue\u300d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u61c9\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u611f\u89ba\u5834 fields of sense\u300d\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\uff0c\u8cea\u7591\u4f9d\u8cf4\u9019\u7a2e\u5be6\u5728\u300c\u76ee\u9304\u300d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u8cea\u7591 Graham Priest \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6700\u8fd1\u634d\u885b\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/meinong\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Meinongism<\/a> \u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/neo-Meinongianism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u65b0 Meinongism<\/a> \u7acb\u5834\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cGabriel \u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4fdd\u8b49\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u554f\u984c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u50c5\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u8cab\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff08\u611f\u89ba\u9818\u57df\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Paul Livingston \u5728 \u201cSense, Realism, and Ontological Difference\u201d \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07 Dummett \u7684\u300c\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u300d\u8868\u8ff0\u8207 Heidegger \u5c0d\u300c\u63ed\u9732\u300d\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5c0d\u8a71\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528 Frege \u548c Wittgenstein \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u771f\u7406\u73fe\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u7d93\u9a57\u3001\u5be6\u8e10\u6216\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6a21\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\u548c\u69cb\u6210\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u524d\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\u57fa\u65bc\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u771f\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u8207\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u548c\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5728 Heidegger \u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u5dee\u7570\u601d\u60f3\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u610f\u5473\u8457\u771f\u7406\u548c\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u5fc5\u9808\u5177\u6709\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u6096\u8ad6\u7684\u7d50\u69cb \u3002\u5373\u4f7f Heidegger \u4e0d\u5e38\u9019\u9ebc\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b63\u5982 Livingston \u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u548c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6096\u8ad6\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u4ed6\u5c0d\u300c\u6e05\u7406\u300d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u672c\u8eab\u548c\u6574\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Graham Harman \u5728 \u201cRealism Without Hobbes and Schmitt\u201d \u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u300c\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u300d\u8207\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u300c\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u300d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u7dad\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u62d3\u5bec\u4e86\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7121\u751f\u547d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u771f\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u76c8\u9918\uff0c\u5b83\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5be6\u969b\u72c0\u614b\u4e2d \u3002\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u300d\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u4ee5 Thomas Hobbes \u548c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684 Carl Schmitt \u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u300c\u786c\u6838\u300d\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u64fa\u812b\u865b\u507d\u7684\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u770b\u5f85\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cHarman \u634d\u885b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u5b83\u8207\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5 Bruno Latour \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5fc5\u9808\u627f\u8a8d\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u975e\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u8005\u548c\u6a5f\u69cb\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u548c\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Paul Redding \u5728 \u201cThe Objectivity of the Actual: Hegelianism as a Metaphysics of Modal Actualism\u201d \u4e2d\u91cd\u9ede\u95dc\u6ce8\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u548c\u6a21\u614b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u548c\u73fe\u5be6\u6027\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u95dc\u6ce8\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u8996\u70ba\u73fe\u5be6\u7684 \u201c\u5167\u90e8\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\u8db3\u5920\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u611f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9019\u8207 David Lewis \u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u6982\u5ff5\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5c07\u73fe\u5be6\u7f6e\u65bc\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u73fe\u5be6\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6b0a\u3002Redding \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cRobert Stalnaker \u662f\u9019\u7a2e Lewis \u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728 Hegel \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dieter Sturma \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0 \u201cNomological Realism\u201d \u4e2d\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u986f\u7136\u8207\u53cd\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u76f8\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u3002Sturma \u5c55\u793a\u4e86 Wilfrid Sellars \u5982\u4f55\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u300c\u986f\u6027\u5716\u50cf\u300d\u548c\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u5716\u50cf\u300d\u4e26\u5217\u4f86\u5448\u73fe\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e00\u660e\u986f\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002Sturma \u8ddf\u96a8 Sellars \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u6cd5\u7406\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6 nomological realism\u300d\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u5c07\u898f\u7bc4\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\uff0c\u8207\u62d2\u7d55\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u6a19\u6e96\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\uff08\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5916\u90e8\u65bc\u5be6\u8e10\u4e00\u6a23\uff09\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u7de9\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u7dca\u5f35\u5c40\u52e2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jocelyn Benoist \u5728 \u201cRealism Without Entities\u201d \u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u8005\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e0d\u662f\u8d0a\u540c\u4ee5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff09Russell \u5206\u6790\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u300c\u5be6\u9ad4\u6e05\u55ae\u300d\u4f86\u5c55\u793a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u7269\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cBenoist \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u9805\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5be6\u969b\u95dc\u6ce8\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u3001\u5be6\u969b\u8ac7\u8ad6\u6216\u601d\u8003\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5145\u5206\u91cd\u8996\u73fe\u5be6\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8ac7\u8a71\u6216\u601d\u60f3\u6c7a\u5b9a\u73fe\u5be6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u8ac7\u8a71\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5c0d\u73fe\u5be6\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u9023\u8cab\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5370\u8a18\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u73fe\u5be6\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5217\u51fa\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8003\u616e\u4e26\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u806f\u7e6b\u4f86\u638c\u63e1\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u7528\u9014\u3002\u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u5c07\u73fe\u5be6\u7f6e\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u4e4b\u5916\u4f86\u4fdd\u6301\u6211\u5011\u7684 \u201c\u96d9\u624b\u4e7e\u6de8\u201d \uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u7d42\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u904e\u53bb\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7e\u5834\u722d\u8ad6 \u2014\u2014 \u4ee5\u201c\u65b0\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6b50\u9678\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u201d \u6216\u201c\u601d\u8fa8\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d \u7b49\u6a19\u984c\u800c\u805e\u540d \u2014\u2014 \u5df2\u7d93\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u8861\u91cf\u771f\u7406\u548c\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u68c4\u771f\u7406\u6216\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6f6e\u6d41\u4e2d\u53cd\u8986\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u5167\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u7684\u63d0\u7149\u3002\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u6771\u897f\u61c9\u8a72\u200b\u200b\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u504f\u898b\u3001\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u73fe\u72c0\u6240\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u689d\u4ef6\u3002 \u201cIdealism, Relativism, and Realism: New Essays on Objectivity Beyond the Analytic-Continental Divide\u201d \u66f8\u532f\u96c6\u4e86\u570b\u969b\u5091\u51fa\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u8868\u904e\u95dc\u65bc\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u3001\u8a8d\u8b58\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7d93\u5e38\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u6b78\u5165\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6d41\u6d3e\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u805a\u7126\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6f84\u6e05\u7576\u4eca\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u751a\u9ebc\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u6b50\u9678\u7684\u7684\u9d3b\u6e9d\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx \u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\u5be6\u5728\u6700\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u901a\u904e\u8a62\u554f \u201c\u5b58\u6709\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u201d \u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u901a\u904e\u95dc\u6ce8\u5b58\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u985e\u5225\u53ca\u5176\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u662f\u900f\u904e \u201c\u5206\u6790 analytic\u201d \u54f2\u5b78\u548c \u201c\u6b50\u9678 continental\u201d \u54f2\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u548c\u4e3b\u984c\u5206\u6b67\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u986f\u8457\u6210\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5283\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u7d93\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u662f\u7d93\u9a57\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u79d1\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u771f\u7406\u548c\u5be6\u5728\u7684\u6700\u7d42\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u8cea\u7591\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u54f2\u5b78\u7bc4\u7587\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u7bc4\u7587\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u771f\u7406\u548c\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u601d\u60f3\u4e5f\u61c9\u540c\u6a23\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5341\u516d\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u5c07\u7406\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6700\u65b0\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u300c\u65b0\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6 New Realism\u300d\u3001\u300c\u65b0\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u7fa9 New Materialism\u300d\u3001 \u300c\u601d\u8fa8\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6 Speculative Realism\u300d\u7b49\u6a19\u984c\u4e0b\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u4e0a\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5169\u500b\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5f0f\u672c\u9ad4\u8207\u73fe\u8c61\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u9023\u540c\u5b83\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\u5148\u9a57\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u616e\u719f\u6089\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6230\u7dda\uff0c\u5c07\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u548c\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u5be6\u5728\u8ad6\u5206\u958b\u3002 \u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u548c\u95e1\u660e\u7d66\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u6771\u897f\u61c9\u8a72\u200b\u200b\u662f\u771f\u5be6\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u601d\u8003\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u504f\u898b\u3001\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u5f35\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u61c9\u8a72\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u4e16\u754c\u73fe\u72c0\u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u771f\u7406\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4ecd\u7136\u61f8\u800c\u672a\u6c7a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u554f\u984c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9019\u4e9b\u771f\u503c\u689d\u4ef6\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8207\u5ba2\u9ad4\u5728\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6027\u548c\u904e\u7a0b\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u7576\u4ee3\u89c0\u5ff5\u8ad6\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u9069\u61c9\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u6709\u6642\u6240\u5805\u6301\u7684\uff1f\u5be6\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u5b58\u6709\u8ad6\u4e0a\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u9748\u53ef\u4ee5\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u66f8\u7c4d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u55ce\uff1f\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u8ca1\u7522\uff08\u5982\u91d1\u9322\u6216\u5a5a\u59fb\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7fa3\u9ad4\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\u55ce\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u5716\u666f world-picture\u300d\uff1f \u672c\u66f8 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2024\/12\/29\/idealism-relativism-and-realism-new-essays-on-objectivity-beyond-the-analytic-continental-divide\/\">Continue reading <span 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