{"id":9377,"date":"2025-01-28T01:30:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-28T01:30:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9377"},"modified":"2025-01-28T01:30:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-28T01:30:09","slug":"calling-philosophers-names-on-the-origin-of-a-discipline","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2025\/01\/28\/calling-philosophers-names-on-the-origin-of-a-discipline\/","title":{"rendered":"Calling Philosophers Names: On the Origin of a Discipline"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u5c0d\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8 \u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 <em>philosophos\/<\/em>philosopher\u201d \u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u5728\u6700\u521d\u5169\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u542b\u7fa9\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u9996\u5148\u6307\u6709\u62b1\u8ca0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8056\u4eba\u548c\u5efa\u8b70\u8005\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6307\u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u8ac7\u8ad6\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u6307\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u8cea\u7591\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u719f\u6089\u7684\u89c0\u9ede \uff0c\u5373\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u300c\u71b1\u611b\u667a\u6167 loved wisdom\u300d\u6216\u50c5\u50c5\u300c\u57f9\u990a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624d\u667a cultivated their intellect\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u53cd\u800c\u88ab\u5632\u7b11\u70ba\u53ef\u7b11\u7684\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u8ac7\u8a71\u548c\u5b78\u7fd2\u6703\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u63a1\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u65e9\u671f\u5e0c\u81d8\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u4e86\u89e3\u8ab0\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba philosophoi \u6216 \u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9580\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u9059\u9060\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u5718\u7684\u8af7\u523a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\u5805\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u54f2\u5b78\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u8b49\u660e\u81ea\u8eab\u770b\u4f3c\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0b\u6c42\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u885d\u52d5\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u8a72\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u5177\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\u8207\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u985e\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8ffd\u6eaf\u529b\u3002Thales \u4e26\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\uff1b\u7576\u4e00\u9805\u4e8b\u696d\u5df2\u7d93\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u5df2\u7d93\u8207\u5176\u6b77\u53f2\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d ( p 260\uff1b\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03 p 25 \u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u9ede)\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u5728 \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/s?k=Calling+Philosophers+Names%3A+On+the+Origin+of+a+Discipline&amp;crid=G52WIRV8VQ2G&amp;sprefix=calling+philosophers+names+on+the+origin+of+a+discipline%2Caps%2C605&amp;ref=nb_sb_noss\">Calling Philosophers Names: On the Origin of a Discipline<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u8ffd\u6eaf\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u54f2\u5b78\u3002Christopher Moore \u5c0d\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u55ae\u5b57 philosophos \u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6b0a\u5a01\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e26\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e86\u516c\u5143\u524d 6 \u4e16\u7d00\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d 4 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u8853\u8a9e philosophia \u548c philosophein\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u7f6e\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2 \uff0c\u5373\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u3002\u6709\u95dc\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5c07\u5f9e\u9019\u672c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u66f8\u958b\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u8ab0\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff1f\u6a21\u7a1c\u5169\u53ef\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u8ab0\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\uff1f\u4ee5\u53ca\uff1a\u8ab0\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5f9e\u4e8b\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u63a2\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u4eba\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7a2e\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5c0d\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7b97\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u8a5e\u8a9e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u6703\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5f9e\u4e8b\u4e86\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u88ab\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 philosophers\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cChristopher Moore \u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u6bd4\u4e0a\u9762\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u66f4\u52a0\u8b19\u905c\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u6fc0\u9032\u3002\u66f4\u8b19\u865b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Moore \u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u3001\u63a1\u7528\u5916\u5728\u8996\u89d2\uff08 p 6 \uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5167\u90e8\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff1b\u5728\u4e0d\u5426\u8a8d\u524d\u8005\u8207\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u5728\u9069\u7576\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8b39\u614e\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u5167\u90e8\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 pp 32\u3001318\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5efa\u8b70\u67e5\u770b <em>philosophos<\/em> \u53ca\u5176\u540c\u6e90\u8a5e\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u3002\u900f\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u6f14\u8b8a\u7684\u65b0\u6545\u4e8b\uff08 p 8 \uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u5c0d\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u6240\u6307\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u548c\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u614b\u5ea6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u90e8\u548c\u5167\u90e8\u7684\uff09\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u5728\u8b1b\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u6642\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u5f35\u6700\u70ba\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u4e00\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8a8d\u70ba philosophos \/ philosophia \u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f \u201c\u667a\u529b\u7684\u57f9\u990a\u8005\/\u57f9\u990a\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4eba\/\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u592a\u904e\u5bec\u6cdb\u3002\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f\uff0cphilosophos \u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f \u201c\u60f3\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u8056\u4eba\u7684\u4ebasage-wannabes\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1)\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c40\u5916\u4eba\u7528\u4f86\u8af7\u523a\u6216\u5632\u5f04\u90a3\u4e9b\u6a21\u4eff\u8056\u4eba\u884c\u70ba\u4e26\u5e0c\u671b\u88ab\u9019\u6a23\u7a31\u547c\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u8fb1\u7f75\u6027\u8853\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cphil- \u524d\u7db4\u4e26\u4e0d\u6307\u617e\u671b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u6216\u5c0d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c07\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u7684\u5206\u6790\u56de\u6eaf\u5230\u65e9\u671f\u5c0d phil- \u524d\u7db4\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u524d\u7db4\u7684\u672c\u7fa9\u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52d5\u6216\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u904e\u5ea6\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5ea6\u5167\uff08\u4e26\u88ab\u611b\u597d\u8005\u6240\u8d85\u8d8a\uff09\u662f\u793e\u6703\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5ea6\u5167\u559d\u9152\u662f\u793e\u6703\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u904e\u5ea6\u6c89\u8ff7\u65bc\u559d\u9152\u5247\u6703\u88ab\u793e\u6703\u8996\u70ba\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3)\uff0cChristopher Moore \u5728\u4ecb\u7d39\u4ed6\u7684\u8a08\u756b\u6642\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8aaa\u6cd5\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aPythagoras \u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528 <em>philosophos<\/em> \u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u4f5c\u70ba\u81ea\u6211\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u5f71\u97ff\u9019\u4e00\u6559\u689d\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u8853\u6982\u5ff5 \u3002Pythagoras \u5b78\u6d3e\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u7fa3\u9ad4\uff0cPythagoras \u53ef\u80fd\u85c9\u7528\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u7a4d\u6975\u800c\u975e\u6d88\u6975\u6216\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b63\u5982 Christopher Moore \u5728\u526f\u6a19\u984c\u4e2d\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u610f\u6db5\u5f9e\u5b57\u5178\u5b78\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u751a\u9ebc\u7b97\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5178\u7bc4\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u5927\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u7cfb\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u62d2\u7d55\u731c\u6e2c\u54f2\u5b78\u5728\u5e0c\u81d8\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3001\u9444\u5e63\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u516c\u5143 4 \u4e16\u7d00\u54f2\u5b78\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u9818\u57df\u5c31\u8db3\u5920\u4e86\u3002Moore \u6700\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5f9e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u8a5e\u5f59\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u7a2e\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e4b\u524d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u521d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5c3e\u8072\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u63a2\u7a76\u5c0d\u65bc\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u4f30\u7576\u4ee3\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Christopher Moore \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4ed4\u7d30\u5be9\u67e5\u6587\u672c\u8b49\u64da \u2014\u2014 \u5305\u62ec\u8003\u616e\u7d19\u838e\u8349\u907a\u8de1\u3001Mycenae \u7684&nbsp;<em>phil- <\/em>\u8907\u5408\u8a5e\uff08\u50c5\u5728\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u4e2d\u8b49\u660e\uff09\u548c\u9298\u6587\u3002\u5728\u6578\u767e\u500b\uff08\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u548c\u5f8c\u53e4\u5178\u6642\u671f\u7684\uff09\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e phil \u8907\u5408\u8a5e\u4e2d\uff0cMoore \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5c0d\u5927\u91cf\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 5 \u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u8a5e\u7684\u4ed4\u7d30\u8003\u616e\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca&nbsp;<em>phil- <\/em>\u8907\u5408\u8a5e\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u5f9e\u8ca0\u9762\u610f\u7fa9\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u4e2d\u6027\u6216\u6b63\u9762\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 \uff08\u9644\u9304\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5168\u66f8\u7e3d\u5171\u51fa\u73fe\u7684 73 \u500b&nbsp;<em>phil- <\/em>\u8907\u5408\u8a5e\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\uff0c<em>philosophos<\/em> \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u9ede\u8f15\u8511\u7684\u7a31\u8b02\uff08\u6a19\u984c\u7684\u201c\u8fb1\u7f75\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u986f\u7136\u6700\u521d\u662f Pythagoras \u5b78\u6d3e\uff09\u8a8d\u53ef\u5730\u4f7f\u7528 \u2014\u2014 \u8207 \u5c0d\u8cb6\u7fa9\u8a5e \u201c\u9177\u5152 queer\u201d \u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u6c92\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u4e0d\u540c\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u671f\u53d7\u5230\u5982\u6b64\u6b67\u8996\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7576 Plato \u70ba <em>philosophos<\/em> \u8ce6\u4e88\u4e86\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5b57\u6e90 \u201c\u71b1\u611b\u667a\u6167 lover of wisdom\u201d \u6642\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u624d\u6703\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u9818\u57df\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u7136\u5f8c \uff0cAristotle \u900f\u904e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u4f86\u78ba\u4fdd\u5b83\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u4e0d\u662f\u900f\u904e\u524d\u8eab\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u548c\u5438\u6536\u524d\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u56de\u9867\u6027\u5730\u8003\u616e\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u8005\u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u548c\u5438\u6536\u524d\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5176\u9918\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5f8c\u5169\u90e8\u5206\u69cb\u6210\u4e86 Christopher Moore \u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u81f3\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86 <em>philosophos \/ philosophia<\/em> \u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Heraclitus \u65b7\u7c21\u6b98\u7bc7 B35\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff08philosophous andras\uff09\u78ba\u5be6\u61c9\u8a72( chr\u0113) \u6210\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002\u201d \u8a72\u65b7\u7c21\u6b98\u7bc7\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u5c1a\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u9019\u500b\u65b7\u7c21\u6b98\u7bc7\u8207 B40 \u548c B129 \u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u6279\u8a55\u4e86\u535a\u5b78\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8abf\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u7684\u634d\u885b\u8005\u6709\u6642\u6703\u8a34\u8af8 Moore \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u300c\u5169\u6b65\u9a5f\u300d\u667a\u6167\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u958b\u59cb\u6642\u9f13\u52f5\u535a\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u9f13\u52f5\u5c07\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u7d42\u76ee\u6a19\u3002 Moore \u65e2\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0d\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u6301\u61f7\u7591\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\uff08 pp 41-45 \uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0d\u5169\u6b65\u9a5f\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u6301\u61f7\u7591\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\uff08 pp 45-51 \uff09\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5169\u6b65\u9a5f\u8faf\u8b77\u5728\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u932f\u8aa4\uff1a\u5b83\u5047\u8a2d Heraclitus \u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u611b\u5967\u5c3c\u4e9e-\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7814\u7a76\u50b3\u7d71\u201d \uff08 p 50 \uff09\uff0c\u800c\u54f2\u5b78\u7684 andras \u5c0d Heraclitus \u4f86\u8aaa\u5177\u6709\u7a4d\u6975\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5c0d\u5169\u6b65\u9a5f\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u62d2\u7d55\u8feb\u4f7f Moore \u5c0d Heraclitus \u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u65e2\u5c0d\u5be6\u8b49\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u524d\u666f\u8868\u793a\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cMoore \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cB35 \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u8b70 \u201c\u9032\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0dPythagoras \u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8af7\u523a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 (Introduction: The Origins of Philosophia)\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Pythagoras \u548c Leon \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8efc\u4e8b\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u8a18\u9304\u5728 DL 8.8 ( <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Diogenes-Laertius-Philosophers-Cambridge-Commentaries\/dp\/1316642852\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2MLUD4JT7QZ4L&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.9eaIOpjrzGNaOB611x2VzBHZokcdnuHILicoJlC0k9IMdnmvCbki73rdgO5ccxxLsFHQhgjP1KMskSKPxtXSoX36XJq6zpsgocMqcUEBgJlffWEimCZHccldvdfGsKnZ5PcLjZsIjilJ77NNrPqWMA.PyEVzm6RjjucuRkiNfOgMuOn6k9BwqiB5K3harzVeRA&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Dorandi%2C+Tiziano+Diogenes+Laertius.+Lives+of+eminent+philosophers&amp;qid=1738027405&amp;sprefix=dorandi%2C+tiziano+diogenes+laertius.+lives+of+eminent+philosophers%2Caps%2C354&amp;sr=8-1\">Dorandi, Tiziano (ed.) &#8211; \u201c<em>Diogenes Laertius. Lives of eminent philosophers (2013, CUP)<\/em><\/a>\u201d\u00a0)\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8b8a\u9ad4 ( p 27 )\u3002Christopher Moore \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u6bd4\u516c\u5143\u524d 4 \u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u66f4\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u73fe\u5b58\u6587\u737b\u3002\u8a18\u9304\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u70ba\u4e86 \u201c\u5ba3\u50b3 propaganda\u201d \u76ee\u7684\u800c\u634f\u9020\u6216\u865b\u69cb\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u8efc\u4e8b\u7576\u4f5c\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002Moore \u53c3\u8207\u4e86Walter Burkert \u7684\u53e4\u5178\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u8a72\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8072\u7a31 Heraclides \u5c07 Plato \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\u53cd\u5c04\u56de\u4e86 Pythagoras \u5b78\u6d3e\uff08 pp 20-24 \uff09\uff1b\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4ed4\u7d30\u8a55\u4f30 Burkert \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u6b77\u53f2\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u9ad4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5728 4 \u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u51fa\u8655\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u4ecb\u7d39\u6027\u6558\u8ff0\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u6316\u6398\u516c\u5143\u524d 6 \u4e16\u7d00 <em>philosophos <\/em>\u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6d41\u901a\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6574\u500b\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7531\u65bc\u65b7\u7c21\u6b98\u7bc7\u4e2d\u7684 chr\u0113\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u8b80\u96e3\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u3002Christopher Moore \u9810\u898b\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u4e26\u5728 57 n.54 \u4e2d\u5c0d\u5176\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u53c3\u8003\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u8b49\u660e\u5728Heraclitus \u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u65e2\u662f\u7576\u524d\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u8ca0\u9762\u610f\u7fa9\uff1b\u9019 \u201c\u2026\u5c07\u8b49\u660e\u5728 Pythagoras \u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\uff0cphilosophos \u9019\u500b\u5b57\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u201d\uff08 p 37 \uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f Pythagoras \u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u7a0d\u5fae\u66f4\u53ef\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 \u201c\u8d77\u6e90 Origins\u201d \u4ee5\u4e00\u7ae0 (CHAPTER 2 Heraclitus against the Philosophoi ) \u5c08\u9580\u8a0e\u8ad6 Heraclitus \u5c0d <em>philosophos<\/em> \u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u958b\u59cb\u3002Christopher Moore \u8a8d\u70ba Heraclitus \u7684\u6b98\u7247 B35\/D40 \u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u8207\u6b98\u7247B40\/D20\u3001B57\/D25a\u3001B129\/D26\u3001B81\/D27 \u4e00\u8d77\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba Heraclitus \u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u8f15\u8511\u7684\u3002 Moore \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5c0d Heraclitus \u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u7684\u51fa\u8272\u91cd\u69cb\uff0c\u8072\u7a31 Heraclitus \u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u300c\u908f\u5404\u65af &nbsp;<em>logos<\/em>\u300d\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u9700\u8981 \uff0c\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u8cb6\u4f4e\u4e86 Pythagoras \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u6b98\u7bc7\u4e2d\u4ee5\u535a\u5b78\u70ba\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u4eba \u2014\u2014 \u4ed6\u5011\u5c0b\u6c42\u8a31\u591a\u4e8b\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u667a\u6167\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u63a8\u8ad6\uff1a\u5118\u7ba1 Heraclitus \u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4e26\u4e0d\u60f3\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 <em>philosophos<\/em>\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 (What Philosophos Could Have Meant: A Lexical Account) \u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86 &nbsp;<em>phil- <\/em>\u8907\u5408\u8a5e\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u5f9e\u8377\u99ac\u6642\u4ee3\u958b\u59cb\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u5982\u4f55\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e86 Mycenae \u4eba\u5c0d&nbsp;<em>phil- <\/em>\u8907\u5408\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4ee5 <em>phil-<\/em> \u70ba\u524d\u7db4\u7684\u55ae\u5b57\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u8fb1\u7f75 name-calling\u300d\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7e3d\u7d50 Aristotle \u5c0d <em>phil- <\/em>\u5b57\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u6709\u6642\u5b83\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5e36\u6709\u6279\u8a55\u6027\uff08 pp 73-83 \uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7528\u524d\u53e4\u5178\u5e0c\u81d8\u8a9e\u4e2d\u4ee5<em> phil- <\/em>\u70ba\u524d\u7db4\u7684\u8a5e\u9a57\u8b49\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff08 pp 83-88 \uff09\u3002 Christopher Moore \u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u8b49\u660e\uff0cPlato \u5f0f\u7684 \u201c\u71b1\u611b\u667a\u6167 lover of wisdom\u201d \u7684\u8a3b\u89e3\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86&nbsp;<em>phil- <\/em>\u4e4b\u8907\u5408\u8a5e\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u548c\u6709\u4e9b\u6d88\u6975\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u4e26\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5\u751f\u547d\u70ba\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u95dc\u61f7\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c<em>Odyssey<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u7684 Phaeacians \u4eba\u548c Taphians \u4eba\u662f\u611b\u597d\u5283\u69f3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u60f3\u50cf\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u662f \u201c\u69f3\u8ff7 oar-loving\u201d \u2014\u2014 \u5212\u8239\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u9ad4\u529b\u6d3b\u2014\u2014 \u9664\u975e\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u822a\u6d77\u7684\u4fbf\u5229\u6027\u505a\u51fa\u8af7\u523a\u800c\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86sophos \u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u6216\u5c08\u9577\uff08\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u524d\uff09\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u5920\u7d66\u51fa\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5805\u6301\u4ec0\u9ebc\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u6975\u597d\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u81f3\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u9593\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc Theognis \u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff09 fr. 120 on 97-8 \u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981)\u3002Christopher Moore \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u63a8\u6e2c\uff0c\u5373\u516c\u5143\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u5de6\u53f3\u820a\u57ce\u90a6\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5371\u6a5f\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86 sophos \u7684\u8a9e\u7fa9\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u671b\u6539\u5584\u516c\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff08 p 102 \u53ca\u5f8c\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c \u201c<em>Philosophos<\/em>\u201d \u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba sophoi \u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u4eba \u2014\u2014 Moore \u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba \u201c\u8056\u4eba\u5d07\u62dc\u8005 sage-wannabes\u201d \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u9ede\u5947\u602a\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u5730\u4f4d\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u4e0a \uff0c\u9019\u500b\u982d\u929c\u662f\u900f\u904e\u6b61\u547c\u7372\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u5c0d\u67d0\u4eba\u535a\u5b78\u591a\u8b58\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u6216\u6703\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5247\u8ad6\u8b49\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f Pythagoras \u5b78\u6d3e\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1 Pythagoras \u662f\u5426\u66fe\u7d93\u6216\u662f\u5426\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u3002 <em>Philosophia<\/em> \u548c <em>philosophein<\/em> \u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5 \u2014\u2014 \u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u5927\u5e0c\u81d8 Magna Graeca \u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7d44\u7e54\u793e\u5340\u800c\u805e\u540d\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u8207\u53e4\u4ee3\u8056\u8ce2\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d3e\u7cfb\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u8d8a\u8ecc\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u91dd\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u70ba\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u9019\u4e9b\u8a5e\u8a9e\u8cb6\u7fa9\u5730\u6a19\u8a18\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\u6028\u6068\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u91dd\u5c0d Pythagoras \u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u5e36\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u5473\u7684\u8fb1\u7f75\u8207 Plato-Aristotle \u7684 \u201c\u71b1\u611b\u667a\u6167 lover of wisdom\u201d \u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u6beb\u7121\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e00\u50b3\u7d71\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7d0d\u5165\u4e86\u5176\u6b77\u53f2\u81ea\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u5169\u90e8\u5206\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u516d\u5230\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u5de6\u53f3\u7a31\u67d0\u4eba\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5c07\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u52aa\u529b \u201c\u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6b0a\u5a01\u2026\u2026\u800c\u9019\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u6cd5\u900f\u904e\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7372\u5f97\u201d\uff08 p 106 \uff09\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9019\u9805\u5efa\u8b70\uff0cPythagoras \u5b78\u6d3e\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6279\u5224\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u9019\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86 Moore \u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Christopher Moore \u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u53ef\u6559\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u8a6d\u8faf\u5bb6\u548c Plato \u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u5728 sophos \u548c philosophos \u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u554f\u984c\u3002 \u3002\u7576 Pythagoras \u81ea\u7a31\u662f\u555f\u8499\u54f2\u4eba\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u6697\u793a\u67d0\u7a2e\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u667a\u6167\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff08 pp 108-9\u3001111 \uff09\u3002\u4f46\u7576 philosophos \u7528\u4f5c\u8fb1\u7f75\u6642\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5c31\u6697\u793a\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u5929\u751f\u6210\u70ba\u8056\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u70ba\u8056\u4eba \uff1a\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u52aa\u529b\u8b8a\u5f97\u8070\u660e\u662f\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\uff08 pp 105-6\uff1aPlato \u7684 \u201c<em>Meno<\/em>\u201d \u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207\u6b64\u7279\u5225\u76f8\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 (Pythagoreans as Philosophoi) \u662f Christopher Moore \u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u8f03\u5f31\u7684\u74b0\u7bc0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u6253\u7b97\u6bd4\u6700\u5f8c\u5169\u7ae0\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\uff1b\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u898b\uff0c\u8a18\u9304 Pythagoras \u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u73fe\u5b58\u6587\u672c\u5beb\u65bc\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cMoore \u8a8d\u70ba Pythagoras &#8211; Leon \u8efc\u4e8b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u6709\u8457\u5171\u540c\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5f9e Xenophanes \u5230 Alcidamas \u7684\u8a31\u591a\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u5c0d Pythagoras \u53ca\u5176\u8ffd\u96a8\u8005\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6070\u597d\u7b26\u5408\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5c07\u7562 Pythagoras \u5b78\u6d3e\u7a31\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 \uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7d9c\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u9019\u6a23\u7a31\u547c\u3002Moore \u5766\u7387\u5730\u627f\u8a8d\u4e86\u73fe\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u9593\u63a5\u6027\u548c\u63a8\u6e2c\u6027\uff1a \u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u524d\u5b78\u8853\u6587\u672c\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u5c07 Pythagoras \u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7a31\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 &nbsp;<em>philosophos<\/em>\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u6839\u64da\u9593\u63a5\u8b49\u64da\u958b\u5c55\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d \uff08 p 107 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206 \u201c\u767c\u5c55 Development\u201d \u4ee5\u4e00\u7ae0 (CHAPTER 5 Fifth-Century Philosophoi) \u8ffd\u6eaf 5 \u4e16\u7d00\u54f2\u5b78\u8a5e\u5f59\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff08Herodotus\u3001Thucydides\u3001Gorgias\u3001Lysias\u3001Aristophanes \u548c Hippocratic \u7684 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Ancient-Medicine-known-Tradition-Hippocratic-ebook\/dp\/B0147QMRRQ\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2TGG63RDJ5RZ&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.pB1t2nH1taYTnKJdfmX5s5Q0YumDlUm85qj3QP4_JeWVvvLK514LXZ7Ncplo8mqDD8c-ZpY6DixHa6UKmEVFXI8QNWrwaDHjAFCO-vzMYd_0FLuP5cANmc0Rra9Bl6xr-Y5Wd96F8__1w1JDDCnysCJUoGCmMHlN5hQrawg1iembA3c_KV1980LTqAaiY7N-HHHjaNCRmp9bNZdqUv6QGAvIyoOO8GtnXwyqXQl_gfE.WJVpi1KAsAx_YH_B_rtoFfFRs4qY1SDlsjuzkYZ1d5E&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=On+Ancient+Medicine&amp;qid=1738027454&amp;sprefix=on+ancient+medicine%2Caps%2C506&amp;sr=8-1\"><em>On Ancient Medicine<\/em>\u201d<\/a> \uff09\u958b\u59cb\uff1b\u4ed4\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u516d\u7bc7\u6587\u672c\uff08Hdt. I.30\u3001Th. II.40\u3001Hippocratic \u7684 \u201c<em>On Ancient Medicine\/De Vetere Medicina<\/em>\u201d 20.1\u3001Gorgias \u7684 \u201c<em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Encomium-Helen-Greek-Texts-English\/dp\/0862920531\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=3Q3CZ1MGT03RD&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.P9bB_EYbKfK7WJlLdIlH7PagSEzShsUNOX1yBmgcqaAh7pw6zV2AwxZWBkC4B7O5KA8jT7iRh7UJLwTx3qKhDyI_C_jj7MjE3C1xZp1d1NY._wD2jH1pdNCLlR5wJ-GNxHZCXorOaL8NEybtdW2GOmg&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Encomium+of+Helen&amp;qid=1738027485&amp;sprefix=encomium+of+helen%2Caps%2C528&amp;sr=8-1\">Encomium of Helen<\/a><\/em>\u201d 13\u3001Ar. Ec. 571 \u548c Lys. 24.10\uff09\u63d0\u53ca\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u6216\u5176\u540c\u6e90\u8a5e\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u591a\u7a2e\u7528\u9014\u4e2d\u5927\u81f4\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u73fe\u5728\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u63cf\u8ff0\u8a31\u591a\u96dc\u9805\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52d5\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7531\u67d0\u7a2e\u667a\u6167\u6240\u5f15\u5c0e\uff0c\u6216\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u667a\u8005\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u6700\u4f73\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u548c\u9eb5\u5c0d\u751f\u6d3b\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u5be9\u8b70\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u61b2\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u63a8\u7406\u5b87\u5b99\u548c\u91ab\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5728\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7528\u6cd5\u70ba 4 \u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5 Socrates \u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5c0d <em>philosophein<\/em> \u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6a4b\u6a11\uff0cChristopher Moore \u5c07\u5176\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\u6307\u4ee3\u300c\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aaa\u8a71\u65b9\u5f0f\u00a0\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u9ede\u662f \u201c\u5be9\u8996\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u722d\u8ad6\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5f15\u5c0e\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u516c\u6c11\u4e8b\u52d9\uff0c\u4e26\u7df4\u7fd2\u653f\u6cbb\u6f14\u8b1b\u201d ( p 173 )\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u986f\u793a\uff0c \u201c\u6210\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u5c0d\u8a71\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6307\u5c0e\u539f\u5247\u7684\u5e95\u5c64\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u7d50\u69cb\u201d\uff08 p 128 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u6e96\u5099\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35 \uff1a\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u56db\u4e16\u7d00\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5b83\u5011\u8868\u9762\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u90a3\u9ebc\u6709\u5275\u9020\u529b\uff08 p 150 \uff09\u3002\u9650\u65bc\u6c34\u5e73\u7121\u6cd5\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u8a55\u50f9 Christopher Moore \u5728\u8655\u7406\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u6642\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u7cbe\u5f69\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u7d30\u5fae\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u65bc\u6b64\u50c5\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u5c0d Pericles \u846c\u79ae\u6f14\u8aaa\u4e2d\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u3002\u4ee5\u6f14\u8b1b\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u70ba\u6307\u5c0e\uff0cMoore \u8a8d\u70ba Pericles \u5728\u300a\u7b2c 40.1-3 \u7bc0\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u64f4\u5c55\u4e26\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u5176\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u95e1\u91cb\u3002\u4ee5\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u8b80\u5468\u570d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8a72\u52d5\u8a5e \u201c\u547d\u540d\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5c0d\u8a71\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\uff08 p 135 \uff09\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u65e8\u5728\u95e1\u660e\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5247\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3002\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5091\u51fa\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u5920\u505a\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u524a\u5f31\u5c0d\u7dca\u6025\u548c\u5be6\u969b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u2014\u2014 \u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u751a\u81f3\u52a0\u5f37\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u628a\u63e1\uff08\u53c3\u898b p 168 \uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u6790\u5c0d\u65bc\u6307\u5b9a\u846c\u79ae\u6f14\u8aaa\u4e2d\u8a72\u52d5\u8a5e\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u6975\u70ba\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 (Socrates\u2019s Prosecution as Philosophos) \u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5947\u602a\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1a\u96d6\u7136 Socrates \u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u6b77\u53f2\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4f46 Plato \u548c Xenophon \u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u7528\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 \u00a0<em>philosophos<\/em>\u00a0\u300d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u4f86\u5f62\u5bb9\u4ed6\u3002Christopher Moore \u5148\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u95e1\u8ff0\u4e86 Xenophon \u7684\u7db1\u9818\u6027\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u5373\u758f\u9060 Socrates \u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 (<a href=\"https:\/\/brill.com\/edcollbook\/title\/38213\">Danzig, Gabriel (editor), Johnson, David (editor); Morrison, Donal &#8211; \u201c<em>Plato and Xenophon (2018, BRILL)<\/em><\/a>\u201d\u3002\u9019\u88cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u5206\u6790\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4e86 Plato\uff1b\u5118\u7ba1\u5f8c\u8005\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u54f2\u5b78\u8a5e\u5f59\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8207 Xenophon \u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u61f7\u8457\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u5c07 Socrates \u8207\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8cb6\u7fa9\u8a5e <em>philosophos\u3001philosophia <\/em>\u548c <em>philosophein<\/em> \u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u8a5e\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u8d77\u8a34\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Christopher Moore \u76f8\u4fe1\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u78ba\u5207\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6545\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u74b0\u7bc0\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba philosophos \u5177\u6709\u8ca0\u9762\u610f\u7fa9\uff0cPlato \u95dc\u65bc philosophos \u548c philosophia \u7684 \u201c\u6551\u8d16\u8a08\u756bredemptive project\u201d \uff08 P 158 \uff09\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u770b\u4f3c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u96d9\u7ba1\u9f4a\u4e0b\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff1a\u4ed6\u5c07 Socrates \u8207\u6b64\u7a31\u8b02\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u5c0d\u5176\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u53d7\u5c0a\u656c\uff08\u9019\u7a2e\u77db\u76fe\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b58\u5728\u8457Xenophon \u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6551\u8d16\u8a08\u5283\uff1a\u53c3\u898b P 172 \uff09\u3002\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u74b0\u662fAnaxagoras\uff0cMoore \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4ed6\u89aa\u81ea\u8a8d\u8b58 Socrates \uff0c\u6216\u8005\u900f\u904e Archelaus \u9593\u63a5\u8a8d\u8b58 Socrates \uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u5c6c\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\uff08 P 160 \uff09\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08 PP 158-164 \uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0cPlato \u548c Xenophon \u5c0d Socrates \u548c Anaxagoras \u7684\u5340\u5206\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u5c0d\u5169\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff08 PP 165-171 \uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0cPlato \u7684 \u201c<em>Apology<\/em>\u201d 18b-c\u300119b \u548c 23d \u4e2d\u8a18\u8f09\u7684\u5c0d Socrates \u7684\u6307\u63a7\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff08pp 171-189 \uff09\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86Xenophon \u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u516d\u500b\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u53ea\u6709 \u201c<em>Oeconomicus<\/em>\u201d<em><\/em> 16.9 \u8a18\u9304\u4e86 Socrates \u7a31\u81ea\u5df1\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 <em>philosophou<\/em>\u2026\u2026<em>andros<\/em> \u3002Moore \u5f9e\u9019\u6bb5\u7d93\u6587\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u8b39\u614e\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u7576 Socrates \u9019\u6a23\u7a31\u547c\u81ea\u5df1\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6 \u201c\u77e5\u9053\u8ffd\u6c42\u67d0\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u201d<em> <\/em>\uff08 p 189 \uff09\uff1a\u54f2\u4eba\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u554f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136 \u201cXenophon \u5f9e\u672a\u5426\u8a8d Socrates \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c0d\u6b64\u4e8b\u4e0d\u592a\u78ba\u5b9a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u78ba\u5b9a\u201d\uff08 p 189 \uff09\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\uff0cAnaxagoras \u53ef\u80fd\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u4e8b\u52d9\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u4e26\u6559\u6388\u4fee\u8fad\u5b78\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u4ed6\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f62\u8c61\u76f8\u53cd\u3002Moore \u5c0d\u6b64\u8aaa\u6cd5\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u616e \u201c<em>Phaedo<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u6279\u8a55Anaxagoras \u7684\u8457\u540d\u6bb5\u843d\uff08 pp 163-4 \uff09\uff1b\u5728\u524d\u9762\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u7684\u846c\u79ae\u6f14\u8aaa\u6bb5\u843d\u3001\u5df2\u77e5\u7684Anaxagoras-Pericles \u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca Socrates \u5728&nbsp; \u201c<em>Phaedrus<\/em>\u201d ( pp 168-170 ) \u4e2d\u5c0dPericles \u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e4b\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u806f\u7e6b\uff1b\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u99c1\u56de\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u91cb\u8207\u6b64\u89c0\u9ede\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u660e\u986f\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u626d\u66f2\u7684\uff08 p 167 \uff09\u3002\u5c0d Anaxagoras \u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u5408\u7406\u4e14\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u666e\u901a\u7684\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u6703\u900f\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u806f\u7e6b\u8a8d\u70ba Socrates \u72af\u4e86\u7121\u795e\u8ad6\u548c\u8150\u6557\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0 (Non-Academic Philosophia) \u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86 \u201c<em>Phaedo<\/em>\u201d\u3001 \u201c<em>Antisthenes<\/em>\u201d\u3001 \u201c<em>Dissoi Logoi<\/em>\u201d\u3001 \u201c<em>Alcidamas<\/em>\u201d \u4ee5\u53ca\u5c24\u5176\u662f \u201c<em>Isocrates<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u7684 \u201c\u975e\u5b78\u8853\u54f2\u5b78 non-academic&nbsp;<em>philosophia<\/em>\u201d\uff1b\u4e26\u5f97\u51fa\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1aPlato \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u95dc\u65bc <em>philosophos<\/em>\u3001<em>philosophia<\/em> \u548c <em>philosophein<\/em> \u542b\u7fa9\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u4e2d \u201c\u7372\u52dd\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ed6\u6191\u85c9\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u6230\u52dd\u4e86 Isocrates\uff0c\u5c07\u54f2\u5b78\u78ba\u7acb\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u77e5\u8b58\u9818\u57df\u3002\u5728\u5168\u9762\u8a0e\u8ad6 Plato \u7684\u6551\u8d16\u8a08\u756b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5b78\u9662\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u6240\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u5341\u5206\u8a73\u76e1\uff0c\u5c0d\u5e7e\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u898b\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08i\uff09\u95dc \u201c<em>Phaedo<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u9304 &nbsp;<em>Zopyru <\/em>\u548c 2014 \u5e74\u6b78\u65bcAntisthenes \u7684\u838e\u8349\u7d19\uff08 p 198 \uff09\u7684\u8b49\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u95dc\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5831\u9053\uff0c\u90fd\u8868\u660e Phaedo \u548c Antisthenes \u8a8d\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u610f\u5473\u8457\u514b\u670d\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff08 p 195 \uff09\u6216\u6539\u8b8a\u4eba\u7684\u617e\u671b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u91cd\u5851\u81ea\u6211\uff08 pp 196\u3001199 \uff09\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4eba\u5011\u7372\u5f97\u4eba\u751f\u898b\u89e3\u7684\u6703\u8a71\u6280\u5de7\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e2d\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u7684\uff08 p 197 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08ii\uff09\u5728 \u201c<em>Dissoi Logoi<\/em>\u201d \u548c Alcidamas \u7684 \u201c<em>On the Sophist<\/em>\u201d<em> <\/em>\u4e2d\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u88ab\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u53c3\u898b Gorgias \u7684 \u201c<em>Encomium of Helen<\/em>\u201d<em> <\/em>\u7b2c 13 \u7ae0\u7b2c 143-147 \u9801\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6 \uff09 \uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u53ca ta mete\u014dra \u6216\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u8faf\u8ad6\uff08 pp 206\u3001204 \uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u6b64\u985e\u8faf\u8ad6\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u7684 \u201c\u4e00\u7fa4\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u610f\u8b58\u201d<em> <\/em>\uff08 p 209\uff1b\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5c0d\u963f\u723e\u57fa\u9054\u746a\u65af\u7684 \u201c<em>Physics<\/em>\u201d <em><\/em>\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e00\u8d77\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u679c\u5730\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a\u898b\u4e0b\u6587\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08iii\uff09\u6700\u5f8c\uff0cIsocrates \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u846c\u79ae\u6f14\u8aaa\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300c\u54f2\u4eba\u300d\u610f\u8b58\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6f14\u8b1b\u6216\u8faf\u8ad6\u6280\u5de7\u96c6\u4e2d\u65bc\u9020\u798f\u57ce\u90a6\uff08 pp 211-4 \uff09\u3002\u5c31 Isocrates \u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86 \u201c\u5168\u529b\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u8077\u696d\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u751f\u547d\u7684\u76e1\u982d\u7684&nbsp;\u201c<em>Antidosis<\/em>\u201d\uff08 p 214 \uff09\u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u9019\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u9ede\uff0cChristopher Moore \u5c07\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5176\u9918\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u91cd\u7533\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u8a72\u9ede\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u5230\u904e\u5e7e\u6b21\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u201c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8aaa\uff0c Isocrates \u5e95\u8a66\u5716\u300c\u5b9a\u7fa9\u300d\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u4ed6\u60f3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u540c\u540d\u7684\u65b0\u8a5e\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u6703\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u6216\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u9748\u611f\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u516c\u5143\u524d 390 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u7a81\u51fa\u6216\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u3002 \u2026\u2026\u5b83\u91cd\u5efa\u4e86\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u8981\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5be6\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u6559\u5b78\u548c\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u57ce\u90a6\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u6c23\u8c61\u5b78\u6216\u6cd5\u91ab\u7af6\u8cfd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u5b83\u8207\u8a6d\u8faf\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u85dd\u8853\u5728\u95dc\u9375\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u2014\u2014\u9019\u652f\u6490\u4e86\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u516c\u958b\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u201d ( pp 215-6 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3001\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u548c\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u532f\u96c6\u7684\u6750\u6599\u69cb\u6210\u4e86 Isocrates \u5c07\u54f2\u5b78 <em>philosophia <\/em>\u65b0\u7a4e\u5730\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u4ee5\u6f14\u8b1b\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u300c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6750\u6599\u300d\u3002Isocrates \u7684\u54f2\u5b78 <em>philosophia <\/em>\u89c0\u5ff5 <em><\/em>\u4e26\u975e\u6191\u7a7a\u800c\u4f86\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc Plato\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4ee5\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5be6\u65bd\u4e86\u9019\u9805\u8a08\u756b\u3002\u201cPlato \u7684\u5275\u65b0\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u5148\u6c7a\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5373\u54f2\u5b78\u5be6\u8e10\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u4f7f\u5be6\u8e10\u8005\u53d7\u76ca\u201d\uff08 p 22 2\uff09\u3002\u201c\u524d\u63d0\u689d\u4ef6 Prerequisites\u201d \u6307\u7684\u662fPlato\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u554f\u984c \u2014\u2014 \u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff08\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5 \uff09\u3001\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff08\u4f5c\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u502b\u7406\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u3001\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\uff08\u4f5c\u70ba\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u3001\u9748\u9b42\u5b78\u8aaa\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fc3\u9748\u5728\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u8b80\uff0cPlato \u7684\u6551\u8d16\u8a08\u756b\u5c31\u5e36\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5148\u9a57\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u5473\u9053\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9019\u6a23\u6216\u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u54f2\u5b78\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u76ca\u8655\uff1b\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u78ba\u5be6\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u7528 Christopher Moore \u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a71\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cPlato \u201c\u633d\u6551\u4e86\u8868\u8c61 saves the appearances\u201d \uff08 p 221 \uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u634d\u885b\uff08\u4e26\u4ee5\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5283\u5206\uff09\u4e86\u5728\u4ed6\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Christopher Moore \u4e0d\u50c5\u4e3b\u5f35\u904e\u53bb\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53cd\u5c0d\u6295\u5c04\u4e00\u7a2e\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u865b\u5047\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73fe\uff1aPythagoras \u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91cb\u4ed6\u5728\u8efc\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6a19\u7c64\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a Aristotle \u5206\u6790\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4ee5 <em>phil-<\/em> \u70ba\u524d\u7db4\u7684\u55ae\u8a5e\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u90fd\u8868\u660e Plato \u7684philophia \u5b57\u6e90\u5b78\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5275\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002Moore \u5be9\u67e5\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u51fa\u73fe\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71 \uff1a \u201c<em>Charmides<\/em>\u201d\u3001 \u201c<em>Protagoras<\/em>\u201d\u3001\u201c<em>Phaedrus<\/em>\u201d\u3001\u201c<em>Parmenides<\/em>\u201d<em> <\/em>\u3001\u201c<em>Philebus<\/em>\u201d \u3001 \u201c<em>Lysis<\/em>\u201d\u3001\u201c<em>Symposium<\/em>\u201d<em> <\/em>\u548c &nbsp;\u201c<em>Republic<\/em>\u201d\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u7e3d\u7d50\u5982\u4e0b\u3002Plato \u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u4ee5\u6280\u8853\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u904b\u7528\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6700\u7d42\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff1b\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7167\u666e\u901a\u7684\u3001\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4f86\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff08\u201c<em>Charmides<\/em>\u201d\u3001\u201c<em>Protagoras<\/em>\u201d\u3001\u201c<em>Parmenides<\/em>\u201d<em> <\/em>\u548c \u201c<em>Philebus<\/em>\u201d \uff09\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457 Plato\u719f\u6089\u666e\u901a\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6027\u6216\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8003\u616e\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u624d\u80fd\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u90a3\u4e9b\u666e\u901a\u542b\u7fa9\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u66f4\u70ba\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\uff08 \u201c<em>Phaedrus<\/em>\u201d \u548c \u201c<em>Republic<\/em>\u201d\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u4f54\u64da\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\uff09\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f34\u96a8\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u662fSocrates \u7684 \u201c\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u8a5e\u6e90\u5b78\u201d\uff0c\u65e8\u5728 \u201c\u91cd\u65b0\u8a55\u50f9\u54f2\u5b78\u201d\uff08 p 249 \uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728 \u201c<em>Lysis<\/em>\u201d \u548c \u201c<em>Symposium<\/em>\u201d \u9019\u5169\u7bc7\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5c0e\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5370\u50cf\u662f\uff0c\u54f2\u4eba\u662f \u201c\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u77e5\u3001\u5728\u77e5\u8b58\u8ad6\u4e0a\u8b19\u865b\u3001\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u6a02\u89c0\u3001\u5d07\u62dc\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4eba\u201d \uff08 p 249 \uff09\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6c92\u6709\u5168\u5fc3\u6295\u5165\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u76ca\u8655\uff08 p 259 \uff09\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7121\u6cd5\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u8b80\u8005\u4e2d\u6fc0\u767c\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u6700\u7d42\u5f62\u6210\u96c6\u9ad4\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u5316\u5b89\u6392\uff08 \u7d50\u5c3e\u8655\u70ba p 258 \uff09\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u8207 Moore \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u9ede\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728 Chrm \u4e0a\u8b80\u4e86 po\u0113tikos\u3002 155a1\uff08 pp 224-6 \uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91cb\u56de\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u4e5d\u500b\u9748\u9b42\u7b49\u7d1a\uff08 pp 234-6 \uff09\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u5f69\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u5927\u958b\u773c\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 \u201c\u5b78\u9662 Academy\u201d \u5247\u5c0d\u6b64\u907a\u7522\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002\u9664\u4e86 Walter Burkert\u3001Andrea Nightingale \u548c John Cooper \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cChristopher Moore \u9084\u5e0c\u671b\u770b\u5230Plato \u7684\u9769\u65b0\u6027\u800c\u975e\u5275\u65b0\u6027\u3002\u5c0d Moore \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cPlato \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u958b\u5275\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6280\u8853\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002Plato \u5c07\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u53e3\u8a9e\u610f\u7fa9\u64f4\u5c55\u70ba \u201c\u8207\u5fd7\u5411\u9060\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u67d0\u7a2e\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8ac7\u8a71\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5c0d\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u8003\u616e\u878d\u5165\u5176\u4e2d \u2014\u2014 \u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa \uff0c\u4ed6\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78 \u2014\u2014 \u9019\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u53c8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u5c08\u696d\u5316\u548c\u6280\u8853\u7cbe\u7d30\u5316\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 (CHAPTER 9 Aristotle\u2019s Historiography of Philosophia)\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba Aristotle \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u5b78\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u5247\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u77e5\u8b58\u57f9\u990a\u548c\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f \u201c\u71b1\u611b\u667a\u6167\u201d\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5728\u5efa\u69cb\u4e0a\u9084\u662f\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e9\u5148\u5c0d\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u614b\u5ea6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6d88\u5931\uff1b\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0 (CHAPTER 10 Ambivalence about Philosophia beyond the Discipline) \u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u5728\u62b5\u5236\u54f2\u5b78\u53ca\u5176\u6f5b\u5728\u7a7a\u865b\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u5e7d\u9748\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u9ad4\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0 (Aristotle\u2019s Historiography of Philosophia) \u5c0d Aristotle \u54f2\u5b78\u8207 Plato \u54f2\u5b78\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5340\u5206\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5f88\u719f\u6089 \u2014\u2014 Aristotle \u767c\u660e\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u9580\u5b78\u79d1\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5982Christopher Moore \u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u4e86\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728 Aristotle \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7c97\u7565\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6216\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u667a\u6167 \u201c\u7d93\u5178\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5bb6\u8b5c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f8c\u4f86\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u69cb\u5efa\u5bb6\u8b5c\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u7d0d\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\uff08Thales\u3001Solon \u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff08\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u8a69\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u624d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u8b58\u5225\u7684\u00a0<em>sophoi <\/em>\u7fa3\u9ad4\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u524d\u5b78\u79d1\u7d93\u5178\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cHippias \u6536\u96c6\u8056\u4eba\u683c\u8a00\u7684\u5df2\u4e1f\u5931\u7684\u9078\u96c6\u5728 Moore \u770b\u4f86\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6 \u201c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u6a02\u89c0\u548c\u672c\u5730\u5316\u7684\u667a\u6167\u5f62\u6210\u201d\uff08 p 263 \uff09\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0cAlcidamas \u7684 \u201c<em>Physics<\/em>\u201d\uff08DL 8.56 \u4e2d\u6709\u5831\u5c0e\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u689d\u8a55\u8ad6\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u9810\u898b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5b78\u79d1\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u7fa3\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u5728\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u6709\u6240\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u6709\u8457\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4e26\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u88fd\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5c0b\u627e\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7d50\u679c\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u5e7e\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u9032\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u767c\u5c55\uff08 pp 267-269 \uff09\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed4\u7d30\u95b1\u8b80 \u201c<em>Metaphysics<\/em>\u00a0A\u201d\uff08Aristotle \u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u6216\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4ed6 \u201c\u6b63\u5728\u5c07\u5176\u7406\u6027\u53f2\u91cd\u65b0\u7528\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u201d\uff08276 \uff09 \u3002 \u201c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u8207\u8ab0\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4ea4\u5f80\u201d\uff08\u975e\u78ba\u5207\u5f15\u8ff0\uff1app 277\u3001279 \uff09\u9019\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u4f7fAristotle \u80fd\u5920\u5efa\u69cb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\u3002\u719f\u6089 Plato \u7684\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7acb\u5373\u60f3\u5230\u53e4\u4ee3\u667a\u8005\u5c0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5b78\u79d1\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u3002Moore \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5177\u9ad4\u8a0e\u8ad6\u667a\u8005\u6d3e\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u78ba\u5be6\u5728 pp 269-272 \u4e2d\u5c07 Plato \u5c0d\u524d\u8f29\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u8207 Aristotle \u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002Plato \u5728\u89e3\u8b80\u4e2d\u8a8d\u70ba\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5728\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u96e3\u4ee5\u78ba\u5207\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u59cb\u7d42\u5305\u542b\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u77e5\u9019\u4e00\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cAristotle \u201c\u5f9e\u4e0d\u5f9e\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u54f2\u5b78\u201d \uff08 p 271 \uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u81f3\u5c11\u5047\u8a2d\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5bec\u5bb9\u5730\u91cd\u5efa\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u6bd4\u90e8\u5206\u770b\u4f3c\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u6709\u4e9b\u727d\u5f37\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cPlato \u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5be6\u8e10\u4e86 \u201c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8ad6\u6148\u5584epistemic charity\u201d \uff08 p 272 \uff09 \u2014\u2014 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60f3\u60f3\u00a0\u201c<em>Theaetetus<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\u5c0d Protagoras \u5b78\u8aaa\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba Aristotle \u7684\u8a31\u591a\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u90fd\u96b1\u542b\u8457\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c07\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4f5c\u70ba\u00a0\u201c<em>Nicomachean Ethics<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f7f\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u77e5\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u6709\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u539f\u5247\u7684\u704c\u8f38\u3002(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Aristotle-Desire-Understand-Jonathan-Lear\/dp\/0521347629\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2WJVWB5MS5R2R&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.Z4cDdqfTduTzJJzNlMKB1w.4B_T62j-xgw839_nieDfTddXsb8YFANTF0gDP8cTpuc&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Jonathan+Lear%2C+Aristotle%3A+The+Desire+to+Understand&amp;qid=1738027772&amp;sprefix=jonathan+lear%2C+aristotle+the+desire+to+understand%2Caps%2C268&amp;sr=8-1\">Jonathan Lear,\u00a0\u00a0\u201c<em>Aristotle: The Desire to Understand, CUPress, 1988<\/em><\/a>\u201d , p 157.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0 (Ambivalence about Philosophia beyond the Discipline) \u8207\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u6709\u9ede\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca Plato \u548c Aristotle \u4e4b\u5f8c\u666e\u901a\u65e5\u5e38\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5b58\u7e8c\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u5169\u4f4d\u5049\u5927\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u58df\u65b7\u300cphilosophia\/philosophos\u300d\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u88cf\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6771\u897f\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u5c0d\u4e00\u584a\u6284\u9304\u4e86 Delphic \u9298\u6587\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u5316\u300d\u7684\u77f3\u7891\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8868\u660e\u4e86 philosophos \u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u6587\u5316\u8ca8\u5e63\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u91cd\u758a\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6d88\u6975\u614b\u5ea6\u5728\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u53e4\u4ee3\u76f8\u7576\u660e\u986f\u5730\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u559c\u5287\u6f14\u54e1\u5632\u7b11\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff08Alexis \u7684\u65b7\u7c21\u6b98\u7bc7\uff09 \uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5247\u516c\u958b\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u6575\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u4eba\u5011\u8ac7\u8ad6\u907f\u90aa\u8005\uff0c\u4e26\u8feb\u4f7f\u900d\u9059\u6d3e\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u61c9\uff08\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc 1984 \u5e74\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u7d19\u838e\u8349\u7d19\u65b7\u7c21\u6b98\u7bc7\uff1b\u898b pp 301-6\uff09\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u65b7\u7c21\u6b98\u7bc7\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0cChristopher Moore \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0cAristotle \u7684 &nbsp;\u201c<em>Protrepticus<\/em>\u201d \u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a6d\u8faf\uff0c\u6216\u6839\u64da\u500b\u4eba\u89c0\u9ede\u800c\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5 perfect protreptic\u300d\uff08 p 306 \uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u666e\u901a\u7684\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u975e\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u5176\u5b78\u79d1\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u9593\u5f98\u5f8a\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u7a1c\u5169\u53ef\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u6548 \uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ede\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u507d Plato \u5f0f\u7684\u300c\u60c5\u6575 <em>Rival Lovers<\/em>\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u79d1\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u300c\u8a8d\u8b58\u81ea\u5df1\u300d\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u6a4b\u6a11\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6a4b\u6a11\u662fSocrates \u5728\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u7565\u5e36\u8352\u8b2c\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206\uff0cChristopher Moore \u5c31\u4ed6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5982\u4f55\u95e1\u660e\u7576\u4ee3\u60c5\u6cc1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5 \u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6559\u8a13\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u300d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u9435\u677f\u4e00\u584a\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6db5\u84cb\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u7bc4\u570d\u6bd4\u4eba\u5011\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u8981\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5f97\u591a\uff08 p 318 \uff09\u3002\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u70ba\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8b70\u7a0b\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u6e96\u6b77\u53f2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\u61c9\u8a72\u6839\u64da\u6574\u500b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6210\u679c\u4f86\u4ed4\u7d30\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679cMoore \u95dc\u65bc\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u8f49\u8b8a\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u54f2\u5b78\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5176\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u8f49\u8b8a\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u6982\u8ff0\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u986f\u770b\u51fa\uff0cChristopher Moore \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u8ad6\u8b49\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u6587\u737b\u5168\u9762\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e38\u5e38\u900f\u904e\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u773e\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u3001\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6642\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7528\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u535a\u5b78\u4f86\u95b1\u8b80\u9019\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u80cc\u8ca0\u9019\u7a2e\u535a\u5b78\u5e38\u4f34\u96a8\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002\u64da\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u4e26\u975e\u50c5\u50c5\u70ba\u4e86\u5275\u65b0\u800c\u5275\u65b0\u3002\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5411\u5ea6\u7684\u654f\u92b3\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6975\u70ba\u7d30\u7dfb\u5165\u5fae\u4e14\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u6545\u4e8b\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\uff0cMoore \u9084\u5728\u6545\u4e8b\u9014\u4e2d\u6316\u6398\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u984c\u5916\u7684\u6a02\u8da3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u5230\u904e\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u8aaa\u4e26\u4e0d\u60f3\u7d66\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u6b78\u6839\u7d50\u5e95\uff0cMoore \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\u4e26\u4e0d\u6bd4\u4ed6\u5982\u4f55\u5c0b\u6c42\u9593\u63a5\u8b49\u64da\u4e26\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u5efa\u7acb\u8ad6\u9ede\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u9ad8\u6c34\u6e96\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5075\u63a2\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u4e26\u6210\u70ba\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u66f8\u9664\u4e86\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u9644\u9304\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u8a18\u9304\u4e86 Pythagoras \u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u96d9\u8a9e\u7248\u672c \u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u662f\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u662f\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b78\u8a5e\u5f59\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cChristopher Moore \u900f\u904e\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u654f\u611f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u654f\u92b3\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u5b78\u548c\u53f2\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u6b3d\u4f69\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u63a8\u7ffb\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u300d\u76f4\u63a5\u300c\u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u300e\u71b1\u611b\u667a\u6167\u300f\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u5f37\u8abf\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u5927\u5b78\u5c08\u696d\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u6240\u58d3\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002\u9664\u4e86 Moore \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u512a\u9ede\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u96e3\u4e0d\u53bb\u53cd\u601d\u54f2\u5b78\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\u3002Moore \u5728\u7d50\u8a9e\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\u53ca\u5176\u53cd\u50b3\u7d71\u548c\u660e\u986f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u95dc\u5207\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6062\u5fa9\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52d5\u6642\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u751a\u9ebc\u3002\u8003\u616e\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6700\u597d\u807d\u5f9e\u4ed6\u7684\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u5bb3\u95dc\u4fc2\u66fe\u7d93\u6fc0\u767c\u904e\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230 Socrates \u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u71b1\u611b\u667a\u6167\u300d\u800c\u6b7b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u300c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\u50c5\u50c5\u80fd\u5920\u89e3\u91cb\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Karl Marx \u63d0\u9192\u6211\u5011\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u95dc\u9375\u59cb\u7d42\u5728\u65bc\u6539\u8b8a\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u66f8\u5c0d\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8 \u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 philosophos\/philosopher\u201d \u4e00\u8a5e\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u5728\u6700\u521d\u5169\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u542b\u7fa9\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u9996\u5148\u6307\u6709\u62b1\u8ca0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8056\u4eba\u548c\u5efa\u8b70\u8005\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6307\u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u8ac7\u8ad6\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u6307\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u548c\u689d\u4ef6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u8cea\u7591\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u719f\u6089\u7684\u89c0\u9ede \uff0c\u5373\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u300c\u71b1\u611b\u667a\u6167 loved wisdom\u300d\u6216\u50c5\u50c5\u300c\u57f9\u990a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624d\u667a cultivated their intellect\u300d\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u53cd\u800c\u88ab\u5632\u7b11\u70ba\u53ef\u7b11\u7684\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u8ac7\u8a71\u548c\u5b78\u7fd2\u6703\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u63a1\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u65e9\u671f\u5e0c\u81d8\u54f2\u5b78\u53f2\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u4e86\u89e3\u8ab0\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba philosophoi \u6216 \u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u751a\u9ebc\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9580\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u9059\u9060\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u5718\u7684\u8af7\u523a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u616e\u7684\u5805\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u54f2\u5b78\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u8b49\u660e\u81ea\u8eab\u770b\u4f3c\u53ef\u7591\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0b\u6c42\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u885d\u52d5\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u8a72\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u5177\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx \u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\u8207\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u985e\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8ffd\u6eaf\u529b\u3002Thales \u4e26\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u6d3b\u52d5\uff1b\u7576\u4e00\u9805\u4e8b\u696d\u5df2\u7d93\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u660e\u986f\u7684\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u5df2\u7d93\u8207\u5176\u6b77\u53f2\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u69ae\u8b7d ( p 260\uff1b\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03 p 25 \u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u9ede)\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u5728 \u201cCalling Philosophers Names: On the Origin of a Discipline\u201d \u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u8ffd\u6eaf\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u54f2\u5b78\u3002Christopher Moore \u5c0d\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u55ae\u5b57 philosophos \u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6b0a\u5a01\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e26\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e86\u516c\u5143\u524d 6 \u4e16\u7d00\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d 4 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2025\/01\/28\/calling-philosophers-names-on-the-origin-of-a-discipline\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2rf","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9377"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9378,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9377\/revisions\/9378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}