{"id":9399,"date":"2025-03-06T06:55:04","date_gmt":"2025-03-06T06:55:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9399"},"modified":"2025-03-14T04:29:33","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T04:29:33","slug":"history-of-the-peloponnesian-war-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2025\/03\/06\/history-of-the-peloponnesian-war-2\/","title":{"rendered":"History of the Peloponnesian War"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/81mDdUluwBL._SL1499_.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">History of the Peloponnesian War<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u80fd\u5920\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u55ce\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u5b83\u5c07\u6c38\u9060\u6210\u70ba\u6b0a\u529b\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u821e\u53f0\uff1f\u5927\u7d04 2500 \u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/6405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thucydides<\/a> \u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5283\u5206\u51fa\u5169\u7a2e\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d3e\u5225\uff1a\u300c\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u300d\u9810\u898b\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u5c07\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u300d\u5247\u5f37\u8abf\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u6839\u64da\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5047\u8a2d\u884c\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">~ \u4eba\u985e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u5404\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u56e0\u6b64\u5c07\u5b8c\u5168\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u884c\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">~ \u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8207\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u6b0a\u5a01\u6216\u570b\u969b\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u5c07\u7a4d\u6975\u5c0b\u6c42\u900f\u904e\u524a\u5f31\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f86\u978f\u56fa\u81ea\u8eab\u5be6\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">~ \u5728\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u300c\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u4e0b\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u6b63\u7fa9\u548c\u898f\u5247\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a\u5b83\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u5229\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u81e8\u6642\u7de8\u9020\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\u662f\u6b0a\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u64c1\u8b77\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u3001\u96c6\u9ad4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u7b49\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u4e26\u5805\u4fe1\u5982\u679c\u4e16\u754c\u67d0\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u4e5f\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f9e\u9577\u9060\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5c07\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6e90\u81ea\u6b63\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u7684\u898f\u5247\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7b26\u5408\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e4b\u722d\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8Thucydides \u7684 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/click.convertkit-mail2.com\/68u2wx8rlmf8h55zlg6uohp657kkkh7vnplr0xw5lx6423qe60eggd53mevvlgkk8d2n20rq7l0d9k0rn3rn3wo4r4w773375p6n0qz6p9pzeg7gdgwowm3zegr\/p8hehqu4k4lgnnar\/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbXpuLnRvLzQxRTB2OTI=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em><u>History of the Peloponnesian War<\/u><\/em><\/a><em>\u300a<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010124507?srsltid=AfmBOorGUefrP-U_P3XibN0zhodtME7ngTtksyVfqEtBRNHLDKDk0Gma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u53f2<\/em><\/a><em>\u300b<\/em>\u201d\u3002&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/click.convertkit-mail2.com\/68u2wx8rlmf8h55zlg6uohp657kkkh7vnplr0xw5lx6423qe60eggd53mevvlgkk8d2n20rq7l0d9k0rn3rn3wo4r4w773375p6n0qz6p9pzeg7gdgwowm3zegr\/p8hehqu4k4lgnnar\/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbXpuLnRvLzQxRTB2OTI=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em><u>History of the Peloponnesian War<\/u><\/em><\/a><em>\u300a<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010124507?srsltid=AfmBOorGUefrP-U_P3XibN0zhodtME7ngTtksyVfqEtBRNHLDKDk0Gma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u53f2<\/em><\/a><em>\u300b<\/em>\u201d \u9019\u90e8\u5beb\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d\u56db\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u8a73\u7d30\u8a18\u8ff0\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u8207\u65af\u5df4\u9054\u4e4b\u9593\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe\u4f5c\u8005\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5373\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u300c\u5c07\u6d41\u50b3\u5343\u53e4\u300d\u3002\u897f\u5143\u524d 431 \u5e74\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u5e1d\u570b\u5728\u822a\u904b\u3001\u8cbf\u6613\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u64f4\u5f35\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u9054\u5230\u9802\u5cf0\u3002\u5317\u5e0c\u81d8\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u5e0c\u81d8\u4e16\u754c\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u9577\u9054 27 \u5e74\u7684\u6230\u722d\u3002Thucydides \u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u4e26\u8511\u8996\u795e\u8a71\u548c\u6d6a\u6f2b\uff0c\u7de8\u7e82\u4e86\u9019\u90e8\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u8a18\u9304\uff0c\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u6700\u7d42\u6bc0\u6ec5\u96c5\u5178\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u885d\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thucydides \u7684 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Thucydides-Melian-Dialogue-Commentary-Vocabulary\/dp\/0692772367\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1C1EQLT8MQF01&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.4nM3YiM7F-weO7e4rQMf5Exer-AtS1jciFh6p3bTR3ooY4M-VkpPTMcuCi6L-FPE14xab0urL9c0X5HM2woUGvkN0bwFnhlgTjyNEs97zOAHI4m_iKYq2PcL4XMnrWS6BSZwhkwQ8Q6NdrZc29eg93pVLp6yoplAwZQwOd2DNSgZRzpuWSSpgt_CsL0NB0TDfV771YqF5TpbUcjMGjAwSUQla0lDXxWwCjyfZVFXVNM.fMtQCaJSdOUEWAL929XT1hwXjoAWi3WslnQY2qwI9wg&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Melian+Dialogue&amp;qid=1741139424&amp;s=books&amp;sprefix=melian+dialogue%2Cstripbooks%2C724&amp;sr=1-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Melian Dialogue<\/em><\/a>\u201d<em> <\/em>(\u201cThucydides&#8217; Melian Dialogue: Commentary, Text, and Vocabulary &#8212; Debnar, Paula &#8212; Jan 29, 2017 &#8212; Paula Debnar\u201d ) \u662f \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/click.convertkit-mail2.com\/68u2wx8rlmf8h55zlg6uohp657kkkh7vnplr0xw5lx6423qe60eggd53mevvlgkk8d2n20rq7l0d9k0rn3rn3wo4r4w773375p6n0qz6p9pzeg7gdgwowm3zegr\/p8hehqu4k4lgnnar\/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbXpuLnRvLzQxRTB2OTI=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em><u>History of the Peloponnesian War<\/u><\/em><\/a><em>\u300a<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010124507?srsltid=AfmBOorGUefrP-U_P3XibN0zhodtME7ngTtksyVfqEtBRNHLDKDk0Gma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u53f2<\/em><\/a><em>\u300b<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u516c\u5143\u524d 416 \u5e74\u96c5\u5178\u5165\u4fb5 Melos \u5cf6\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002Thucydides \u8a8d\u70ba\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u300c\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\u7684\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4f54\u9818 Melos \u5cf6\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u978f\u56fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4e26\u5411\u8a72\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5cf6\u5dbc\u767c\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u8a0a\u606f\uff1a\u96c5\u5178\u4e0d\u5bb9\u60f9\u3002\u5c0d\u8a71\u958b\u59cb\u6642\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u4f7f\u8005\u6566\u4fc3 Melos \u4eba\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u4ed6\u5011\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u5c31\u662f\u6bc0\u6ec5\u6216\u6295\u964d\u3002\u4f7f\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8a34\u8af8\u6b63\u7fa9\uff1b\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u547c\u7c72\u6beb\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u61c7\u6c42\u9053\uff1a\u53ea\u8003\u616e\u4f60\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u96d9\u65b9\u9762\u81e8\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u95dc\u65bc\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u4e00\u65b9\u5be6\u529b\u8f03\u5f37\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5f31\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0cMelos \u4eba\u4e26\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u5728\u6295\u964d\u9084\u662f\u6bc0\u6ec5\u4e4b\u9593\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u5f81\u670d\u8207\u6230\u722d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u71b1\u611b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u9858\u653e\u68c4\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u5118\u7ba1\u8ecd\u4e8b\u529b\u91cf\u8f03\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u4ecd\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u4fdd\u885b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u5716\u3002\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u8a34\u8af8\u6b63\u7fa9\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u61c9\u4ee5\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u70ba\u5c0e\u5411 \uff0c\u800c Melos \u4eba\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b63\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u8207\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6211\u5011\u770b\u4f86\uff08\u65e2\u7136\u4f60\u5f37\u8feb\u6211\u5011\u62cb\u958b\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u53ea\u9867\u81ea\u5df1\u5229\u76ca\uff09\u2014\u2014 \u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u7834\u58de\u7b26\u5408\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u666e\u904d\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684 \u2014\u2014 \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u9677\u5165\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa \uff0c\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u516c\u5e73\u7af6\u722d\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u53d7\u76ca\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6578\u5b78\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u500b\u539f\u5247\u5c0d\u4f60\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u548c\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e00\u6a23\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f60\u7684\u58ae\u843d\u5c07\u6703\u906d\u5230\u6700\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u5831\u5fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8b66\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Melos \u4eba\u554f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u96c5\u5178\u5e1d\u570b\u5d29\u6f70\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u5805\u6301\u6b63\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u80fd\u6307\u671b\u751a\u9ebc\u516c\u5e73\u4ea4\u6613\uff1f\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5c0d Melos \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u7121\u52d5\u65bc\u8877\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f81\u670d\u5cf6\u5dbc\u3002\u4f46\u6700\u7d42\u4ed6\u5011\u5931\u7b97\u4e86\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u64f4\u5f35\u904e\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Peloponnesian-War\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Peloponnese \u6230\u722d<\/a>\u4e2d\u88ab Sparta \u64ca\u6557\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5b78\u8005 W. Julian Korab-Karpowicz \u5728 <a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy<\/a> \u7684 &#8216;<a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/realism-intl-relations\/?ck_subscriber_id=2402555511&amp;utm_source=convertkit&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=Will%20International%20Politics%20Ever%20Be%20Fair?%20-%2016787932&amp;sh_kit=fc179f293b66a146aab5e0de73901f15fe0d75a2571113c62f361e0eef300986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Political Realism in International Relations<\/a>&#8216; \u4e2d\u6240\u7e3d\u7d50\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u9676\u9189\u65bc\u69ae\u8000\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u5728\u5f81\u670d Melos \u5f8c\uff0c\u8207 Sicily \u5cf6\u767c\u52d5\u4e86\u6230\u722d\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u7406\u6703 Melos \u4eba\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u5f9e\u9577\u9060\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u6b63\u7fa9\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u76ca\u8655\u3002\u800c\u7531\u65bc\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u9ad8\u4f30\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5be6\u529b\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u8f38\u6389\u4e86\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u908f\u8f2f\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u77ed\u8996\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96d6\u7136 Thucydides \u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u7684\u73a9\u4e16\u4e0d\u606d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8d0a\u540c Melos \u4eba\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/click.convertkit-mail2.com\/68u2wx8rlmf8h55zlg6uohp657kkkh7vnplr0xw5lx6423qe60eggd53mevvlgkk8d2n20rq7l0d9k0rn3rn3wo4r4w773375p6n0qz6p9pzeg7gdgwowm3zegr\/p8hehqu4k4lgnnar\/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbXpuLnRvLzQxRTB2OTI=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em><u>History of the Peloponnesian War<\/u><\/em><\/a><em>\u300a<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010124507?srsltid=AfmBOorGUefrP-U_P3XibN0zhodtME7ngTtksyVfqEtBRNHLDKDk0Gma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u53f2<\/em><\/a><em>\u300b<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u6559\u8a13\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4ee5\u5236\u6b62\uff0c\u6b0a\u529b\u53ea\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5c0d\u66f4\u591a\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002W. Julian Korab-Karpowicz \u6307\u51fa \uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u53d7\u7bc0\u5236\u6216\u6b63\u7fa9\u611f\u7684\u7d04\u675f\uff0c\u201c\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u908f\u8f2f\u9650\u5236\u201d\u3002\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u8005 Jack Donnelly \u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/click.convertkit-mail2.com\/68u2wx8rlmf8h55zlg6uohp657kkkh7vnplr0xw5lx6423qe60eggd53mevvlgkk8d2n20rq7l0d9k0rn3rn3wo4r4w773375p6n0qz6p9pzeg7gdgwowm3zegr\/6qhehoulvldnm3s9\/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbXpuLnRvLzRicWlsenE=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em><u>Realism and International Relations<\/u><\/em><\/a>\u201d \u4e2d\u7e3d\u7d50\u9053\uff0c Thucydides \u8b66\u544a\u6211\u5011\u65e2\u8981\u8b66\u60d5 \u201c\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5929\u771f\u5e7b\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u8b66\u60d5 \u201c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u6975\u7aef\uff1a\u7121\u7bc0\u5236\u7684\u61a4\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\u201d\u3002( \u201c<em>Realism and International Relations ( Themes in International Relations), Cambridge 2004<\/em>\u201d; p 193 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5118\u7ba1 Thucydides \u5728\u8fd1 2500 \u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u64b0\u5beb\u4e86 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/click.convertkit-mail2.com\/68u2wx8rlmf8h55zlg6uohp657kkkh7vnplr0xw5lx6423qe60eggd53mevvlgkk8d2n20rq7l0d9k0rn3rn3wo4r4w773375p6n0qz6p9pzeg7gdgwowm3zegr\/p8hehqu4k4lgnnar\/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbXpuLnRvLzQxRTB2OTI=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em><u>History of the Peloponnesian War<\/u><\/em><\/a><em>\u300a<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.books.com.tw\/products\/0010124507?srsltid=AfmBOorGUefrP-U_P3XibN0zhodtME7ngTtksyVfqEtBRNHLDKDk0Gma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u53f2<\/em><\/a><em>\u300b<\/em>\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5c0d\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u601d\u7dad\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5340\u5206\u4ecd\u7136\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u7576\u4eca\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">~ \u4e16\u754c\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u771f\u6b63\u901a\u884c\u7684\u662f\u6b0a\u529b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">~ \u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u63a1\u53d6\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6703\u640d\u5bb3\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u9577\u671f\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/719ErITYK1L._SL1360_.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A New History of the Peloponnesian War<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lawrence A. Tritle \u7684 \u201c<em>A New History of the Peloponnesian War<\/em>\u201d \u5168\u9762\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e94\u4e16\u7d00\u96c5\u5178\u5e1d\u570b\u8207\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u806f\u76df\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002Tritle \u4ee5\u6ce2\u65af\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u7c21\u8981\u6558\u8ff0\u958b\u7bc7\uff0c\u4ee5 Cyrus the Younger \u7684\u9060\u5fb5\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u6230\u722d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3001\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u5e0c\u81d8\u57ce\u90a6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002Tritle \u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u4e3b\u8981\u900f\u904e\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6230\u722d\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4f86\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6230\u5f79\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9019\u9805\u4ee4\u4eba\u632f\u596e\u7684\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u6558\u8ff0\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u548c Sparta \u4e4b\u9593<a href=\"https:\/\/hertogfoundation.org\/courses\/thucydides-history-of-the-peloponnesian-war?gad_source=1&amp;gclid=CjwKCAiAw5W-BhAhEiwApv4goNj3IRicTqgFuZ7FBEkImOrI8zKjB1MYr23_JWzbUY89qBr7DBjwMxoC0H8QAvD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d<\/a>\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u4e26\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6230\u722d\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u666e\u901a\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u5b78\u8005\u5c0d\u96c5\u5178\u548c\u65af\u5df4\u9054\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u65b0\u7814\u7a76<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u4f55\u7206\u767c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7368\u7279\u7684\u89e3\u91cb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7d50\u5408\u7576\u4ee3\u5c0d Aristophanes \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u500b\u4eba\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6230\u722d\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56de\u9867\u96c5\u5178\u5728\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u6210\u5c31<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6311\u6230 Thucydides \u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lawrence A. Tritle \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 (\u2018From this the Corinthians developed their bitter hatred for the Athenians\u2019&nbsp;) \u7684\u524d\u9762\u7c21\u8981\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u6ce2\u65af\u5165\u4fb5\u5f8c\u96c5\u5178\u548c Sparta \u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u8fc5\u901f\u9032\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u8a73\u7d30\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e86 Peloponnese \u6230\u722d\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5 <a href=\"https:\/\/dbpedia.org\/page\/Samian_War\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Samos \u6230\u722d<\/a>\u7d50\u675f\u6642\u96c5\u5178\u548c Corinth \u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\u672c\u7ae0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 (\u2018Give the Greeks their freedom\u2019&nbsp;) \u5177\u9ad4\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u4e26\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u7576\u6642\u53e4\u5178\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef2\u88c1\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 (\u2018Our city is an education to Greece\u2019) \u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 (\u2018War is a violent teacher\u2019) \u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u6230\u722d\u7684\u6700\u521d\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 (\u2018Spindles would be worth a lot\u2019&nbsp;) \u4e2d\u5c07\u8b80\u8005\u5e36\u5230\u4e86 Sparta \u5728 Sphacteria&nbsp;\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0cTritle \u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u9664 Thucydides \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5e0c\u81d8\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 &nbsp;Sophocles \u548cEuripides\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u5287\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u540c\u6642\u767c\u751f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cTritle \u8a8d\u70ba Plataea \u7684\u5c60\u6bba\u548c\u5937\u5e73\u8207 Euripides \u7684 \u201c<em>Andromache<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u5167\u5bb9\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u3002 Tritle \u8a55\u8ad6\u4e86\u5287\u4e2d\u5c0d Sparta \u7684\u6575\u610f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u95dc&nbsp;Menelaus \u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6709\u95dc Helen \u548c Hermione \u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u6975\u7aef\u66b4\u529b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6bba\u6b7b\u4e26\u80a2\u89e3Neoptolemus\u3002( p 59 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lawrence A. Tritle \u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u7684\u7d50\u5c3e\u5beb\u9053\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u4e86 Amphipolis\u3002\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0 (\u2018Weeping for joy\u2019&nbsp;) \u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5728 Amphipolis \u7684\u5931\u6557\u4ee5\u53ca&nbsp;Cleon \u7684\u6b7b\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Nicias \u548c\u7d04\uff0c\u4e26\u7c21\u8981\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86Aristophanes \u7684\u548c\u7d04\uff08 p 114 \uff09\uff0c\u8a72\u548c\u7d04 Nicias \u548c\u7d04\u65e9 \u201c\u516b\u4e5d\u500b\u6708\u201d\u3002Tritle \u4e5f\u5c07\u5176\u8207 Sparta \u5728&nbsp;Mantinea&nbsp;\u7684\u52dd\u5229\u548c Euripides \u7684 \u201c<em>Heracles<\/em>\u201d\uff08 p 127 \uff09\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e86 Heracles \u6bba\u6b7b\u59bb\u5b50\u548c\u5152\u5b50\u8207\u8a31\u591a\u58eb\u5175\u5728\u5f9e\u6230\u5834\u6b78\u4f86\u5f8c\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u5275\u50b7\u5f8c\u58d3\u529b\u75c7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 (\u2018The strong do what they have the power to do\u2019) \u548c\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 (\u2018What of us then who for our children must weep?\u2019) \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Thucydides-Melian-Dialogue-Commentary-Vocabulary\/dp\/0692772367\/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1C1EQLT8MQF01&amp;dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.4nM3YiM7F-weO7e4rQMf5Exer-AtS1jciFh6p3bTR3ooY4M-VkpPTMcuCi6L-FPE14xab0urL9c0X5HM2woUGvkN0bwFnhlgTjyNEs97zOAHI4m_iKYq2PcL4XMnrWS6BSZwhkwQ8Q6NdrZc29eg93pVLp6yoplAwZQwOd2DNSgZRzpuWSSpgt_CsL0NB0TDfV771YqF5TpbUcjMGjAwSUQla0lDXxWwCjyfZVFXVNM.fMtQCaJSdOUEWAL929XT1hwXjoAWi3WslnQY2qwI9wg&amp;dib_tag=se&amp;keywords=Melian+Dialogue&amp;qid=1741139424&amp;s=books&amp;sprefix=melian+dialogue%2Cstripbooks%2C724&amp;sr=1-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Melian Dialogue<\/em><\/a>\u201d<em> <\/em>\u548c Melos \u7684\u9677\u843d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5c0d Sicily \u9060\u5f81\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u548c\u5931\u6557\u3002\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0 (\u2018The whole of Greece against Athens\u2019) \u548c\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0 (\u2018Ships gone . . . don\u2019t know what to do\u2019&nbsp;) \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Sicily \u6230\u722d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e26\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u6ce2\u65af\u53c3\u8207\u6230\u722d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002Tritle \u7c21\u8981\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca Alcibiades \u548cTissaphernes \u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5230\u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0\u6642\uff0cTritle \u8b1b\u5230\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5728&nbsp;Hellespont&nbsp;\u6d77\u5cfd\u7684\u52dd\u5229\u4ee5\u53ca Cyrus \u7684\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u7d50\u675f\u6642\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u5728 Notion \u88ab\u64ca\u6557\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6700\u5f8c\u5169\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0 (\u2018Athens is taken\u2019&nbsp;) \u548c\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0 (\u2018Here\u2019s to the noble Critias!\u2019&nbsp;)\uff0c\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u9677\u843d\u53ca\u5176\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86 Sparta \u5c0d\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4ee5\u53ca Cyrus \u7684\u6230\u5f79\u3002Lawrence A. Tritle \u5411\u8b80\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86 Xenophon \u7684 \u201c<em>Anabasis<\/em>\u201d<em> <\/em>\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u9080\u8acb\u8b80\u8005\u7368\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002Tritle \u5728\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u9644\u52a0\u4e86\u4e09\u500b\u9644\u9304\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e6b\u52a9\u8b80\u8005\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u662f (a) \u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\u8aaa\u660e\u3001(b) \u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u540d\u4eba\u9304\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca (c) \u8853\u8a9e\u8868\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u524d\u9084\u9644\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6642\u9593\u8868\uff0c\u4e26\u901a\u7bc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5730\u5716\u548c\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e26\u8aaa\u660e\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728 \u201c<em>A New History of the Peloponnesian War<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u6574\u500b\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0cLawrence A. Tritle \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8cea\u7591 Thucydides \u7684\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6b77\u53f2\u5f88\u7c21\u77ed\uff0c\u4f46 Tritle \u8a66\u5716\u900f\u904e\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u6230\u722d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c07\u7576\u4ee3\u6587\u5b78\u8207 Thucydides \u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u601d\u8003\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6230\u722d\u4e0d\u540c\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u9805\u76ee\u4e2d\u5b78\u5230\u751a\u9ebc\u3002\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u986f\u8457\u7279\u5fb5\u662f Tritle \u6839\u64da\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8d8a\u5357\u7576\u5175\u7684\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9000\u4f0d\u8ecd\u4eba\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u4f86\u89e3\u8b80\u9019\u6bb5\u6b77\u53f2\u3002 Tritle \u5c07\u4e3b\u89d2\u4eba\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u4ed6\u80fd\u5920\u95e1\u660e\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u4ed6\u5011\u884c\u70ba\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u3002\u4ed6\u7d93\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u8b80\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u885d\u7a81\u671f\u9593\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u5ba3\u6230\u524d\u7684\u6642\u671f\u6bd4\u55bb\u70ba 1919 \u5e74\u6cd5\u570b\u505c\u6230\u6642\u671f\u7684\u6642\u671f\u3002\u900f\u904e\u8b93\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u6230\u722d\u671f\u9593\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e6b\u52a9\u8b80\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u6230\u722d\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u793e\u6703\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8cab\u7a7f \u201c<em>A New History of the Peloponnesian War<\/em>\u201d \u5168\u66f8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u4e3b\u984c\u662f Lawrence A. Tritle \u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u5c0d\u666e\u901a\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6230\u722d\u5982\u4f55\u5c0e\u81f4\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u70ba\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8d70\u5411\u6975\u7aef\u3002\u9019\u9805\u8003\u5bdf\u6700\u7d42\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86 Tritle \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff1a\u5728 Cyrus \u9ebe\u4e0b\u884c\u9032\u7684\u4e00\u842c\u540d\u5e0c\u81d8\u50f1\u50ad\u5175\u5df2\u7d93\u7fd2\u6163\u4e86\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u9858\u5c0b\u6c42\u6230\u722d\u3002Tritle \u5c0d\u73fe\u4ee3\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5c07\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u65e2\u4fe1\u606f\u8c50\u5bcc\u53c8\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u50be\u5411\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u9818\u57df\uff0cTritle \u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 Tritle \u7684\u7e3d\u9ad4\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u8b93\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u8a9e\u6c23\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7d42\u90fd\u5f88\u8f15\u9b06\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u904e\u65bc\u719f\u6089\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u7b2c 206 \u9801 \u201c\u8207\u5927\u6d77\u505a\u611b\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u662f moich\u014dnta \u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0cTritle \u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8a3b 8 \u4e2d\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\/\u6216\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cTritle \u7684\u66f8\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">III.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/m.media-amazon.com\/images\/I\/61Gma5tk4bL._SL1200_.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">New History of the Peloponnesian War<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Donald Kagan&nbsp;\u7684 \u201c<em>New History of the Peloponnesian War<\/em>\u201d \u662f\u5927\u90e8\u982d\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5171\u5206\u56db\u518c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c \u201cT<em>he Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, 1989<\/em>\u201d \u57fa\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\u5b78\u8853\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u548c\u5c0d\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u737b\u7684\u4ed4\u7d30\u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u8996\uff0c\u5c0d\u9019\u5834\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u539f\u56e0\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff1a\u6230\u722d\u662f\u5426\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\uff1fDonald Kagan&nbsp;\u63a1\u7528\u6309\u6642\u9593\u9806\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf \u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5448\u73fe\u885d\u7a81\u96d9\u65b9\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u53ef\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u4ed6\u8a55\u4f30\u4e86\u96d9\u65b9\u6240\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u4eba\u7269\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\uff0cDonald Kagan&nbsp;\u5f9e Thucydides&nbsp;\u548c Herodotus&nbsp;\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u7528\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e86\u9019\u5834\u9577\u671f\u6230\u722d\u7684\u5716\u666f\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3 Thucydides&nbsp;\u6545\u4e8b\u66f4\u591a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u586b\u88dc\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002\u9019\u5c0d\u9019\u5834\u6301\u7e8c\u8fd1 30 \u5e74\u7684\u3001\u5728\u611b\u7434\u6d77\u548c\u6771\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u767c\u751f\u7684\u540d\u526f\u5176\u5be6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u78ba\u5be6\u5f88\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u901a\u4fd7\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u548c\u7576\u524d\u5b78\u8853\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u4e5f\u6bd4\u975e\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8981\u591a\u5f97\u591a\u3002 Thucydides&nbsp;\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6a39\u7acb\u4e86\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7cfb\u5217\u662f\u6b23\u8cde\u4ed6\u7684\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u8b1b\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u96c5\u5178\u8207&nbsp;Sparta&nbsp;\u7206\u767c\u6575\u5c0d\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5377\u6578\u5247\u6558\u8ff0\u4e86 Archidamas \u6230\u722d\u3001Nicias \u505c\u6230\/\u548c\u5e73\u3001Sicily \u9060\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c5\u5178\u6230\u6557\u524d\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u6d77\u6230 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u518c \u201cThe Archidamian War, 1990\u201d \u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u6230\u722d\u958b\u59cb\u7684 10 \u5e74\uff0c\u81f3\u897f\u5143\u524d 421 \u5e74\u96c5\u5178Sicily \u9060\u5f81\u968a\u8986\u6ec5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6b72\u6708\u3002\u3002Nicias \u548c\u7d04\u4f55\u672a\u80fd\u4f7f\u96c5\u5178\u8207\u65af\u5df4\u9054\u548c\u89e3\uff1fDonald Kagan \u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u5b78\u8853\u5206\u6790\u529b\u548c\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u537b\u5c07\u5176\u5beb\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u5176\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u548c&nbsp;Sparta&nbsp;\u5982\u4f55\u70ba\u4e86\u722d\u596a\u611b\u7434\u6d77\u7684\u9738\u6b0a\u800c\u4e92\u76f8\u5edd\u6bba\u3002\u5728\u8a73\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\u6230\u722d\u958b\u59cb\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6240\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u767c\u5c55\u6642\uff0cKagan \u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u5c07\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e8b\u614b\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u8ecd\u4e8b\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u4e5f\u7d0d\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u5f9e\u96c5\u5178\u7684 Pericles \u548c&nbsp;Sparta&nbsp;\u7684 Archidamus&nbsp;\u7684\u958b\u5c40\u7b56\u7565 \uff0c\u5230&nbsp;Nicias&nbsp;\u75b2\u618a\u7684\u548c\u7d04\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u9593\u6240\u6709\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u548c\u5931\u6557\uff0cKagan \u5f9e\u672a\u5ffd\u8996\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\uff1a\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u7531\u53d7\u653f\u6cbb\u91ce\u5fc3\u5851\u9020\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5275\u9020\u7684\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u4e00\u6a23\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u6ce2\u703e\u58ef\u95ca\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<em>The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition, 1991<\/em>\u201d \u662f Donald Kagan \u95dc\u65bc\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u7684\u9245\u4f5c\u56db\u90e8\u66f2 \u201c<em>New History of the Peloponnesian War<\/em>\u201d \u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u3002\u897f\u5143\u524d 421 \u5e74\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u548c\u5c07\u8ecd Nicias \u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u8207&nbsp;Sparta&nbsp;\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u3002\u9019\u5834\u548c\u5e73\u7d50\u675f\u4e86\u6230\u722d\u7684Archidamus \u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u6301\u7e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u8017\u8cbb\u4e86\u5169\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u5f37\u570b\u53ca\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u7cbe\u75b2\u529b\u76e1\u3002\u53ad\u6230\u60c5\u7dd2\u548c\u96c5\u5178\u4eba\u6062\u5fa9\u8ca1\u653f\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u9700\u8981\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e86\u548c\u5e73\u904b\u52d5\uff0cSparta&nbsp;\u4eba\u6e34\u671b\u6b78\u9084 425 \u5e74\u88ab\u4fd8\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u5165\u4fb5 Sicily \u7684\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u60b2\u5287\u6027\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u5143\u524d 413 \u5e74\uff0c\u7576&nbsp;Agis \u8a66\u5716\u5229\u7528\u96c5\u5178\u9677\u5165 Sicily \u56f0\u5883\u6642\uff0c\u7387\u9818&nbsp;Sparta&nbsp;\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5 Attica&nbsp;\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u96c5\u5178\u5468\u570d\u7684\u9109\u6751\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u6230\u722d\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u9738\u6b0a\u3001\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u548c\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u9019\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u3002Donald Kagan \u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f37\u8abf\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u89e3\u91cb\u548c\u64f4\u5c55Thucydides\u3001Plutarch\u3001Euripides \u7b49\u8a69\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u73fe\u4ee3\u548c\u53e4\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7b49\u539f\u59cb\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\u8b8a\u5f97\u53f2\u8a69\u822c\u58ef\u9e97\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8aaa\u6230\u722d\u7e3d\u662f\u60b2\u5287\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u7684\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5931\u6557\u6210\u70ba\u8ecd\u968a\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u7121\u6cd5\u5fa9\u539f\u7684\u8f49\u6369\u9ede\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u60f3\u5230 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Battle-of-Stalingrad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stalingrad<\/a> \u6216 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.battlefields.org\/learn\/civil-war\/battles\/gettysburg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gettysburg<\/a>\u3002\u4f46 Kagan \u7cbe\u5f69\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u4e26\u8a73\u7d30\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86 Syracuse&nbsp;\u5468\u570d\u7684\u96c5\u5178\u91cd\u88dd\u6b65\u5175\u5927\u8ecd\u548c\u8266\u968a\u7684\u6bc0\u6ec5\u662f\u540c\u985e\u8ecd\u4e8b\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u60b2\u5287\u7684\u66f4\u65e9\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<em>The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition, 1991<\/em>\u201d \u4e0d\u50c5\u8a18\u8ff0\u4e86\u516c\u5143\u524d 421 \u5e74\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d 413 \u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\u7684&nbsp;Sparta&nbsp;&#8211; \u96c5\u5178&nbsp;&#8211; Syracuse \u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u9084\u6d89\u53ca\u8207\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5831\u9053\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u6232\u5287\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f71\u97ff\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5e0c\u81d8\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u65b9\u9762\u3002Donald Kagan \u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u8ff7\u4fe1\u548c\u9810\u5146\u5c0d\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d Sicily \u9060\u5f81\u524d\u5915\u5c0d Hermes \u8096\u50cf\u7684\u893b\u7006\u548c\u73b7\u6c61\u3001\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u793e\u6703\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u9577\u7bc7\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u8b80\u4f86\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u53e4\u5178\u5e0c\u81d8\u6709\u7279\u5225\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b23\u8cde Donald Kagan \u95dc\u65bc\u96c5\u5178\u548c&nbsp;Sparta&nbsp;\u6230\u722d\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u3002Kagan \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6df1\u53d7\u8b80\u8005\u559c\u611b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7b46\u4e0b\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u8907\u96dc\u3001\u5faa\u74b0\u4f46\u53c8\u512a\u96c5\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u64bc\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u611b\u7434\u6d77\u62cd\u6253\u8457\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c45\u4f4f\u8457\u5cf6\u5dbc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u751f\u52d5\u5730\u518d\u73fe\u4e86\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u666f\uff1a\u8eab\u6750\u77ee\u5c0f\u3001\u9ad4\u683c\u5065\u58ef\u3001\u7559\u8457\u5927\u9b0d\u5b50\u7684\u7537\u5b50\u822a\u884c\u65bc\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\uff0c\u6eff\u61f7\u6c7a\u5fc3\u5730\u7ffb\u8d8a\u5e0c\u81d8\u7684\u5c71\u4e18\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u6703\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002\u900f\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u5728\u5411\u6211\u5011\u8b1b\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Donald Kagan \u5728\u5176\u95dc\u65bc\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u6b77\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u5377\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5377 \u201c<em>The Fall of the Athenian Empire, 1991<\/em>\u201d \u4e2d\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u5f9e\u516c\u5143\u524d 413 \u5e74 9 \u6708\u96c5\u5178 Sicily \u9060\u5f81\u968a\u8986\u6ec5\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u9019\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u3002\u897f\u5143\u524d 404 \u5e74\u6625\u96c5\u5178\u5411&nbsp;Sparta&nbsp;\u6295\u964d\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u6230\u722d\u6700\u5f8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0cKagan \u8a55\u4f30\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u6c11\u4e3b\u5728\u9762\u81e8\u6700\u56b4\u5cfb\u6311\u6230\u6642\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0cKagan \u4e5f\u8a55\u4f30\u4e86 Thucydides \u5c0d\u65bc\u96c5\u5178\u6230\u6557\u548c\u96c5\u5178\u5e1d\u570b\u6ec5\u4ea1\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Donald Kagan&nbsp;\u4e0d\u540c\u610f Thucydides \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff1aThucydides \u8a8d\u70ba\u6230\u722d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u8207\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u7af6\u722d\u5c0d\u624b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f7f\u5f97\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u6210\u70ba\u5fc5\u7136\u3002Kagan&nbsp;\u53cd\u800c\u8072\u7a31 \uff0c \u201c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u6230\u722d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u7576\u4e8b\u570b\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u6b77\u53f2\u5272\u88c2\u958b\u4f86\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7522\u751f\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u570b\u5167\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u61b2\u6cd5\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52d9\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u4ed6\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u54ea\u4e9b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u6230\u722d\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0a\u8a62\u554f\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u96c5\u5178\u5728 Sicily \u906d\u53d7\u6158\u6557\u5f8c\u7684 10 \u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u9678\u5730\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u4e86&nbsp;Sparta&nbsp;\u4f4d\u65bc Decelea&nbsp;\u5821\u58d8\u7684\u963b\u6514\uff0c\u800c\u8a72\u5821\u58d8\u5c0d\u6574\u500b&nbsp;Attica \u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5a01\u8105\u3002Sparta&nbsp;\u5229\u7528\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u865b\u5f31\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u6d77\u8ecd\u529b\u91cf\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u611b\u7434\u6d77\u6771\u90e8\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8207\u6ce2\u65af\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u5be6\u529b\u3002\u540c\u6642 \uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u53d7\u5230\u611b\u7434\u6d77\u6771\u90e8\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8d77\u7fa9\u7684\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u8d77\u7fa9\u8513\u5ef6\u81f3\u96c5\u5178\u672c\u571f\uff0c\u5a01\u8105\u5230\u5176\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u7531\u65bcSicily \u6230\u5f79\u548c\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u53db\u9003\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u570b\u5eab\u7a7a\u865b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u7dad\u6301\u4f5c\u70ba\u96c5\u5178\u5e1d\u570b\u652f\u67f1\u7684\u8266\u968a\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u56f0\u96e3\u3002Sparta&nbsp;\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u548c\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u8870\u843d\u7de9\u6162\u800c\u7a69\u5b9a\u5730\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5c0e\u81f4 Sparta&nbsp;\u6d77\u8ecd\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d 405 \u5e74\u5728Hellespont&nbsp;\u6d77\u5cfd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u52dd\u5229\u3002\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u6d77\u8ecd\u5728 Aegospotami \u6230\u5f79\u4e2d\u88ab\u5fb9\u5e95\u64ca\u6f70\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u9ed1\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u7684\u7ce7\u98df\u4f9b\u61c9\u751f\u547d\u7dda\u88ab\u5207\u65b7\uff0c\u57ce\u4e2d\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u88ab\u570d\u56f0\uff0c\u98e2\u8178\u8f46\u8f46\uff0c\u96c5\u5178\u5225\u7121\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d 404 \u5e74\u6295\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u9019\u672c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5377\u7684\u7b2c 111 \u9801\u4e2d\uff0cDonald Kagan&nbsp;\u5beb\u5230\u4e86\u9818\u5c0e\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7576\u6642\u96c5\u5178\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u8ca0\u64d4\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u5982\u6b64\u8457\u8ff7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u9032\u7a0b\u5982\u6b64\u9a5a\u4eba\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u8207\u6211\u5011\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53c8\u8207\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u4e00\u518d\u91cd\u8907\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5728\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5f15\u767c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Battle-of-Stalingrad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stalingrad<\/a> \u6230\u5f79\u548c\u8d8a\u6230\u7684\u91ce\u5fc3\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u596e\u9b25\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u885d\u52d5\u3002Kagan&nbsp;\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u6558\u8ff0\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u7121\u9700\u76f4\u63a5\u9673\u8ff0\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u95b1\u8b80\u5982\u6b64\u5b8f\u5927\u3001\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u6211\u5011\u6700\u8fd1\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6f6e\u6d41 \u2014\u2014 \u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73fe\u62ff\u7834\u5d19\u3001Gallipoli\u3001\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u548c \u4fc4\u70cf\u6230\u722d \u2014\u2014 \u65e9 \u5728 2400 \u5e74\u524d\u7684\u611b\u7434\u6d77\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300a\u6ce8\u5b9a\u4e00\u6230\uff1f\u4e2d\u7f8e\u80fd\u5426\u907f\u514d\u4fee\u6614\u5e95\u5fb7\u9677\u9631?\u300b <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/1596\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/1596<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cRestoring Thucydides \uff1aTesting Familiar Lessons and Deriving New One\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/6405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/t.me\/librojamanto\/6405<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Report content on this page<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u80fd\u5920\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u55ce\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u5b83\u5c07\u6c38\u9060\u6210\u70ba\u6b0a\u529b\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u821e\u53f0\uff1f\u5927\u7d04 2500 \u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6 Thucydides \u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5283\u5206\u51fa\u5169\u7a2e\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d3e\u5225\uff1a\u300c\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u300d\u9810\u898b\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u5c07\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u300d\u5247\u5f37\u8abf\u5408\u4f5c\u3002 \u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u6839\u64da\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5047\u8a2d\u884c\u4e8b\uff1a ~ \u4eba\u985e\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u985e\u5404\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u56e0\u6b64\u5c07\u5b8c\u5168\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u884c\u4e8b\u3002 ~ \u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8207\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u7dca\u5bc6\u76f8\u9023\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u6b0a\u5a01\u6216\u570b\u969b\u57f7\u6cd5\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u5c07\u7a4d\u6975\u5c0b\u6c42\u900f\u904e\u524a\u5f31\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u4f86\u978f\u56fa\u81ea\u8eab\u5be6\u529b\u3002 ~ \u5728\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u300c\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u72c0\u614b\u300d\u4e0b\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u6b63\u7fa9\u548c\u898f\u5247\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a\u5b83\u5011\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u5229\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u81e8\u6642\u7de8\u9020\u7684\u85c9\u53e3\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\u662f\u6b0a\u529b\u3002 \u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u64c1\u8b77\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u3001\u96c6\u9ad4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u6c7a\u7b49\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff0c\u4e26\u5805\u4fe1\u5982\u679c\u4e16\u754c\u67d0\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u4e5f\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f9e\u9577\u9060\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5c07\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6e90\u81ea\u6b63\u7fa9\u539f\u5247\u7684\u898f\u5247\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7b26\u5408\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u73fe\u5be6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u570b\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e4b\u722d\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8Thucydides \u7684 \u201cHistory of the Peloponnesian War\u300a\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u53f2\u300b\u201d\u3002&nbsp;&nbsp; I. \u201cHistory of the Peloponnesian War\u300a\u4f2f\u7f85\u5954\u5c3c\u6492\u6230\u722d\u53f2\u300b\u201d \u9019\u90e8\u5beb\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d\u56db\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u8a73\u7d30\u8a18\u8ff0\u4e86\u96c5\u5178\u8207\u65af\u5df4\u9054\u4e4b\u9593\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe\u4f5c\u8005\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5373\u9019\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u300c\u5c07\u6d41\u50b3\u5343\u53e4\u300d\u3002\u897f\u5143\u524d 431 \u5e74\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u5e1d\u570b\u5728\u822a\u904b\u3001\u8cbf\u6613\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u64f4\u5f35\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u9054\u5230\u9802\u5cf0\u3002\u5317\u5e0c\u81d8\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u5e0c\u81d8\u4e16\u754c\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u9577\u9054 27 \u5e74\u7684\u6230\u722d\u3002Thucydides \u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u4e26\u8511\u8996\u795e\u8a71\u548c\u6d6a\u6f2b\uff0c\u7de8\u7e82\u4e86\u9019\u90e8\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u8a18\u9304\uff0c\u8a18\u9304\u4e86\u6700\u7d42\u6bc0\u6ec5\u96c5\u5178\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u885d\u7a81\u3002 Thucydides \u7684 \u201cMelian Dialogue\u201d (\u201cThucydides&#8217; Melian Dialogue: Commentary, Text, &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2025\/03\/06\/history-of-the-peloponnesian-war-2\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9399","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2rB","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9399","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9399"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9399\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9400,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9399\/revisions\/9400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}