{"id":9404,"date":"2025-03-14T04:27:58","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T04:27:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9404"},"modified":"2025-03-14T04:28:48","modified_gmt":"2025-03-14T04:28:48","slug":"george-orwell-the-ethics-of-equality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2025\/03\/14\/george-orwell-the-ethics-of-equality\/","title":{"rendered":"George Orwell: The Ethics of Equality"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u96d6\u7136 George Orwell<\/a> \u4fdd\u7559\u4e86 \u201c\u5c0d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6700\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u201d(George Orwell – \u201cHomage to Catalonia-IndoEuropeanPublishing.com (2011)<\/a><\/em>\u201d, P 161 ).\uff0c\u4f46 \u201cHomage to Catalonia<\/em>\u201d <\/em>\u4e5f\u8b93\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u547c\u5438 \u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u3002\u5982\u679c \u201c\u5c0d\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u618e\u6068\u662f\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u6240\u5728\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc \u201cHomage to Catalonia<\/em>\u201d <\/em>\u5247\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e86\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\u3002( p 177 : \u2018Orwell\u2019s Egalitarianism \u2013 Spanish Bombs\u2019 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0Animal Farm<\/em>\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u8c6c\u5c07\u300a\u7b2c\u4e03\u8aa1\u300b\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684 \u201c\u6240\u6709\u52d5\u7269\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u52d5\u7269\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\u66f4\u5e73\u7b49\u201d ((Macmillan Master Guides) Jean Armstrong (auth.) – \u201cAnimal Farm by George Orwell-Macmillan Education UK (1985)<\/em><\/a>\u201d, p 8)\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8aaa\u660e\u5c0d\u904b\u6c23\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9811\u56fa\u6311\u6230\uff1a\u6602\u8cb4\u54c1\u5473<\/em>\u7684\u554f\u984c ( p 172: \u2018Orwell\u2019s Egalitarianism \u2013 The Problem of the Pigs\u2019)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u63ed\u793a\u4e86 George Orwell \u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u908f\u8f2f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u4e0d\u61c8\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u5076\u723e\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u8996\u89d2\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005\uff0c\u78ba\u4fe1 Orwell \u5148\u751f\u7121\u7591\u6703\u4ee5\u5e1d\u738b\u822c\u7684\u61a4\u6012\u4f86\u53cd\u5c0d \u2014\u2014 \u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u5169\u6b21\u5c07 John-Paul Sartre \u7a31\u70ba \u201c\u4e00\u888b\u98a8\u201d ( p 10 )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u96d6\u7136\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u95dc George Orwell \u7684\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u7d93\u904e\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u662f\u5f9e\u7d14\u7cb9\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u7d66\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u53bb\u6c89\u8ff7\u65bc\u66f4\u591a Orwell \u5f0f\u7684\u95b1\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0cPeter Brian Barry \u5728\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u9817\u5177\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u5373 George Orwell \u78ba\u5be6\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u7a2e\u50be\u5411\u6bd4\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u8981\u56b4\u91cd\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5f15\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u78ba\u5be6\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6 \u201c\u5c0d\u5b78\u8853\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u54f2\u5b78\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u662f\u6f20\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6575\u8996\u7684\u201d ( p x )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c \u201cGeorge Orwell \u2013 The Ethic of Equality<\/em><\/a>\u201d \u662f\u4e00\u672c\u65e2\u6709\u8da3\u53c8\u6709\u5167\u6db5\u7684\u8b80\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u548c\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86 George Orwell \u662f \u201c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u53d7\u5ee3\u6cdb\u95b1\u8b80\u548c\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u56b4\u8085\u4f5c\u5bb6\u201d ( p 1 )\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u9019\u78ba\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f88\u68d2\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5256\u6790\u898b\u89e3\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6587\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u754c\u9762\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u8b80\u4e00\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n

George Orwell \u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f\u6b63\u5982 Peter Brian Barry \u5728\u5176\u95dc\u65bc Orwell \u502b\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5bcc\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c \u201cGeorge Orwell \u2013 The Ethic of Equality<\/em><\/a>\u201d \u4e2d\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u540c\u610f Barry \u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u5c0d Orwell \u7684 \u201c\u4e0d\u535a\u5b78\u7684\u89e3\u8b80 \u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u8b80\uff0cOrwell \u6700\u597d\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u6f20\u4e0d\u95dc\u5fc3\uff0c\u6700\u58de\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u5145\u6eff\u6575\u610f\u201d\uff08 p 2 \uff09\u3002Barry \u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u99c1\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba Orwell \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u3002Barry \u95dc\u6ce8 Orwell \u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e86 Orwell \u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u89e3\u91cb\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c0d Peter Brian Barry \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u54f2\u5b78\u8207 George Orwell \u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u6216\u8a72\u505a\u751a\u9ebc\uff09\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u89ba\u5f97 Orwell \u5f88\u6709\u54f2\u5b78\u982d\u8166\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e26\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba Orwell \u95e1\u8ff0\u5176\u54f2\u5b78\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u548c\u56b4\u8b39\u6027\u662f\u5b78\u8853\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cOrwell \u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e0d\u7e6b\u7d71\u7684\u3001\u96b1\u6666\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5be9\u8996\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u3002Barry \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5c08\u696d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u5be9\u8996\u548c\u7d44\u7e54\u8a13\u7df4\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u70baOrwell \u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u5177\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba \u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3Orwell \u7684\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u201d\uff08 p 7 \uff09\u3002Barry \u900f\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u95e1\u660e\u548c\u6f84\u6e05 Orwell \u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u634d\u885b\u9019\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f35\u3002\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u5728\u5169\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u8b80 Orwell \u95dc\u65bc\u7279\u5b9a\u502b\u7406\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c64\u5e8f\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u722d\u8ad6\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u9ede\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u4e86 Barry \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a\u54f2\u5b78\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u7406\u89e3 Orwell \u7684\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cGeorge Orwell \u2013 The Ethic of Equality<\/em><\/a>\u201d \u9996\u5148\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6709\u516b\u500b\u7ae0\u7bc0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 (George Orwell: Philosophical Outsider) \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07 Orwell \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u8996\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728 Orwell \u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u6372\u5165\u6709\u95dc\u53d6\u6d88\u3001\u5be9\u67e5\u548c\u8a00\u8ad6\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9b25\u722d\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3 Orwell \u3002\u5176\u9918\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5206\u5225\u63a2\u8a0e Orwell \u502b\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u984c\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0 (George Orwell: The Age\u2019s Advocate) \u5f9e\u5ee3\u7fa9\u4e0a\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3002Peter Brian Barry \u5728\u90a3\u88cf\u8a8d\u70ba Orwell \u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u9580\u6abb\u7fa9\u52d9\u8ad6\u8005 threshold deontologist<\/a> (Jeremy Waldron – Notes on \u201cThreshold Deontology\u201d<\/em>)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 (Orwell on Free Will and Moral Responsibility) \u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86 Orwell \u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 (Orwellian Moral Psychology) \u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3002\u7b2c 5 \u7ae0 (Orwellian Decency) \u91cd\u9ede\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u6b63\u6d3e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0cBarry \u8a8d\u70ba\u6b63\u6d3e\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0 (Orwell\u2019s EgalitarianismE) \u5c07\u805a\u7126\u5728\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u7b2c 7 \u7ae0 (George Orwell and Left-Libertarianism) \u5247\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u5de6\u7ffc\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u7b2c 8 \u7ae0 (Orwell\u2019s Incomplete Case for Socialism) \u5247\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d30\u7bc0\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u518d\u591a\u8aaa\u4e00\u4e0b\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u98a8\u683c\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Peter Brian Barry \u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u201c<\/em>\u5c0d Orwell \u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u6703\u4f54\u64da\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u6df1\u53d7\u95dc\u9375\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u201d<\/em>\uff08 p ix \uff09\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u95dc\u65bc Orwell \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002Barry \u5c0d Orwell \u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4e86\u89e3\u4f7f\u8b80\u8005\u53d7\u76ca\u532a\u6dfa\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u54ea\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u6bd4 Orwell \u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d \uff0c\u4ed6\u63ed\u793a\u4e86 Orwell \u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5982\u4f55\u501f\u9452 Bertrand Russell\u3001Frederick Nietzsche \u3001 Karl Marx \u548c Thomas Hobbes \u7b49\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peter Brian Barry \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u512a\u9ede\u662f\u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u9650\u65bc Orwell \u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff08\u5982 \u201cAnimal Farm<\/em>\u201d \u548c \u201cNineteen Eighty-Four<\/a>\u201d \u4e2d\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u6574\u9ad4\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86 Orwell \u7684\u9f90\u5927\u6587\u737b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5171\u8a08\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u8d85\u904e 200 \u842c\u5b57\u3002 \uff08Peter Davison<\/a> \u7de8\u8f2f<\/a>\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u5377\u5168\u96c6\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5377\u3002\uff09\u9019\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6b63\u5982 Barry \u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0cOrwell \u9bae\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1 \u201c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u4ed6\u5c0d\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u554f\u984c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u201d\uff08 p x \uff09\u3002\u900f\u904e\u67e5\u770b Orwell \u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a57\u8b49\u6216\u8b49\u507d\u7576\u4ee3\u95dc\u65bc Orwell \u5728 \u201cAnimal Farm<\/em>\u201d \u548c \u201cNineteen Eighty-Four<\/a>\u201d \u4e2d\u60f3\u8981\u8868\u9054\u7684\u610f\u601d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u731c\u6e2c\uff08\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u5f37\u70c8\u652f\u6301\u6216\u524a\u5f31\uff09\u3002Barry \u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u731c\u6e2c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f9e Orwell \u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u9748\u611f\u3002Barry \u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bcc\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u7684\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u6703\u5c0d Orwell \u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9032\u884c\u5584\u610f\u7684\u91cd\u69cb\u6216\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u907f\u514d\u5beb\u8056\u5f92\u50b3\u8a18\uff0c\u4e26\u9858\u610f\u6307\u51fa Orwell \u4f5c\u70ba\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0cPeter Brian Barry \u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8a66\u5716\u53cd\u99c1\u5c0d Orwell \u7684\u300c\u5f31\u89e3\u8b80\u300d\uff08\u64da\u6b64 \u201c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u6beb\u7121\u8208\u8da3\u201d \uff09\u548c\u300c\u5f37\u89e3\u8b80\u300d\uff08\u64da\u6b64 \u201c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u6301\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6575\u610f\u201d \uff09\uff08 p 8 \uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u8a8d\u53ef\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u535a\u5b78\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6beb\u4e0d\u754f\u61fc\u5730\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5b78\u7121\u8853\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5efa\u7acb\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8ad6\u64da\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u4e88\u4ee5\u53cd\u99c1\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5b78\u7121\u8853\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u7121\u7591\u6709\u5176\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cBarry \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u53cd\u8b49\u63a9\u84cb\u4e86\u9019\u9805\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\uff0cOrwell \u719f\u6089\u4e26\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u503c\u5f97\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u601d\u8003\u548c\u5beb\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u7e3d\u7d50\u90a3\u4e9b\u63d0\u5021\u5c0d Orwell \u9032\u884c\u4e0d\u200b\u200b\u535a\u5b78\u89e3\u8b80\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u72af\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u672a\u80fd\u5c07\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e0a\u534a\u8449\u82f1\u570b\u6216\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u5b78\u9662\u5f0f\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5340\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u3002Orwell \u6c92\u6709\u505a\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u505a\u4e86\u5f8c\u8005\u3002\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07 Orwell \u8996\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ecd\u7136\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb A. J. Ayer \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373 Orwell \u201c\u5c0d\u5b78\u9662\u6d3e\u54f2\u5b78\u4e00\u9ede\u8208\u8da3\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u3002\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7d14\u7cb9\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5011\u8981\u9032\u884c\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u201d \uff08p 15 \uff09\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Peter Brian Barry \u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\uff0c\u201cAyer \u8a18\u9304\u4e0b\u7684 Orwell \u7684\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u662f\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5fb9\u5e95\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u50cf\u662f\u547c\u7c72\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u61c9\u7528\u54f2\u5b78\u201d \uff08 p 15 \uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u9ebc Peter Brian Barry \u8a8d\u70ba Orwell \u502b\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba Orwell \u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8996\u70ba \u201c\u5be6\u7528 pragmatic\u201d \u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u5373 \u201c\u5584\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u201d\uff08 p 33 \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c \u201c\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u662f\u597d\u662f\u58de\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8b8a\u5f97\u597d\u6216\u58de\u201d\uff08 p 33 \uff09\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\uff0cOrwell \u627f\u8a8d\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u76ca\u6216\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u6709\u4e00\u500b \u201c\u5ba2\u89c0\u6e05\u55ae\u201d \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8aa4\u89e3\u751a\u9ebc\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u76ca\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4eba\u6587\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ef\u80fd\u8b93 Orwell \u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u662f\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002Barry \u5c0d\u6b64\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7d30\u5fae\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba Orwell \u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9580\u6abb\u7fa9\u52d9\u8ad6 \u2014\u2014\u5373 \u201c\u627f\u8a8d\u9053\u5fb7\u898f\u7bc4\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u67d0\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f46\u5141\u8a31\u5728\u9075\u5b88\u9053\u5fb7\u898f\u7bc4\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u58de\u7684\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u63a8\u7ffb\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u502b\u7406\u7406\u8ad6\u201d\uff08 p 55 \uff09\u3002\u5c0d Orwell \u502b\u7406\u89c0\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u8b80\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u53ef\u53d6\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u9580\u6abb\u7fa9\u52d9\u8ad6\u5354\u8abf\u4e86 Orwell \u7684\u52d9\u5be6\u6027\u683c\uff08\u9019\u4f7f\u4ed6\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u975e\u5e38\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u5f8c\u679c \uff09\u8207\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6027\u683c\uff08\u9019\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5c07\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u8996\u70ba\u7d55\u5c0d\u932f\u8aa4\u4f46\u4e26\u975e\u7d55\u5c0d\u7981\u6b62\uff09\u3002\uff08Orwell\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u9078\u64c7\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u60e1\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da Peter Brian Barry \u95dc\u65bc Orwell \u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c0\u5f71\u97ff\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u89c0\u7684\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u526f\u6a19\u984c\uff0cBarry \u8a8d\u70ba\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f Orwell \u502b\u7406\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7279\u5225\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u662f Orwell \u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5462\uff1fBarry \u5340\u5206\u4e86\u904b\u6c23\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9 luck egalitarianism<\/a> \u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9 relational egalitarian<\/a>\u3002\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba Orwell \u66f4\u9069\u5408\u88ab\u6b78\u985e\u70ba\u95dc\u4fc2\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u3002\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u7d50\u8ad6\u7684\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7406\u7531\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f \u201cOrwell \u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u95dc\u4fc2\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 \u201c\u7d50\u675f\u58d3\u8feb\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u793e\u5340 \u201d \uff08 p 177 \uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\uff0cOrwell \u7d93\u5e38\u8a34\u8af8\u904b\u6c23\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u9762\u5411\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5dee\u7570\u4e26\u975eOrwell \u6240\u7279\u6709\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u5c07 Orwell \u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u95dc\u4fc2\u89e3\u91cb\u66f4\u80fd\u6293\u4f4fOrwell \u91cd\u8996\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u52d9\u5be6\u7684 Orwell \u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5c07\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u73cd\u8cb4\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u770b\u5f97\u6bd4\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u70ba\u6839\u672c\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u6216\u8a31\u8a66\u5716\u5728\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5e73\u7b49\u512a\u5148\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u96d6\u7136 Peter Brian Barry \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u5728\u9019\u88cf\u4e26\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8ac7\u8a71\u958b\u5834\u767d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peter Brian Barry \u7684\u9019\u672c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u66f8\u70ba\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c Orwell \u5b78\u8005\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c07\u7372\u5f97\u5de5\u5177\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u7406\u89e3 Orwell \u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u878d\u5165\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c Orwell \u5b78\u8005\u5c07\u7372\u5f97\u89e3\u8b80 Orwell \u4f5c\u54c1\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u65b0\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u96d6\u7136 George Orwell \u4fdd\u7559\u4e86 \u201c\u5c0d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6700\u90aa\u60e1\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u201d(George Orwell – \u201cHomage to Catalonia-IndoEuropeanPublishing.com (2011)\u201d, P 161 ).\uff0c\u4f46 \u201cHomage to Catalonia\u201d \u4e5f\u8b93\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u547c\u5438 \u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u3002\u5982\u679c \u201c\u5c0d\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u618e\u6068\u662f\u4ed6\u793e\u6703\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u6240\u5728\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc \u201cHomage to Catalonia\u201d \u5247\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e86\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u662f\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\u3002( p 177 : \u2018Orwell\u2019s Egalitarianism \u2013 Spanish Bombs\u2019 ) \u00a0Animal Farm\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u8c6c\u5c07\u300a\u7b2c\u4e03\u8aa1\u300b\u8b8a\u6210\u4e86\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684 \u201c\u6240\u6709\u52d5\u7269\u4e00\u5f8b\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u52d5\u7269\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u52d5\u7269\u66f4\u5e73\u7b49\u201d ((Macmillan Master Guides) Jean … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[11,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--thinking","category--read"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2rG","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9404"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9405,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9404\/revisions\/9405"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}