\u82f1\u570b\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u8457\u540d\u6587\u5316\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Regenia Gagnier \u9996\u5148\u5c0d\u9839\u5ee2\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u72a7\u7272\u6574\u9ad4\u70ba\u4ee3\u50f9\u4f86\u8ffd\u6c42\u500b\u9ad4\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7e41\u69ae\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u5176\u9f0e\u76db\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u542b\u7fa9\u3002\u5f9e Darwin \u548c John Stuart Mill \u5230\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4ea4\u53ca\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0cGagnier \u6839\u64da\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u80cc\u666f\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u500b\u9ad4\uff1a\u592b\u59bb\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\/\u5b50\u5973\u4e8c\u5143\u7d44\uff1b\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u548c\u793e\u5340\uff1b\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\uff1b\u570b\u969b\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u5979\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u5f9e\u52d5\u614b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6bd4\u5f9e\u56fa\u5b9a\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u500b\u9ad4\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u9805\u5167\u5bb9\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eae\u9ede\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u9032\u5316\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u79d1\u5b78\uff1bHerbert Spencer \u548c\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Matthew Arnold \u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u65b0\u5973\u6027\u3001\u5973\u6027\u7f8e\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8a69\u6b4c\u8207\u610f\u5fd7\u54f2\u5b78\uff1b\u5409\u666e\u8cfd\u50e7\u4eba\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u696d\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nietzsche \u7684 \u201c\u5584\u826f\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u548c\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u665a\u671f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u201d\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4ee5\u4e00\u4ee3\u66ff\u591a\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u6559\u7fa9\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u5730\u63cf\u7e6a\u73fe\u4ee3\u500b\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
xxxxxxxxxx<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Regenia Gagnier \u7684\u66f8 \u201cIndividualism, Decadence and Globalization: On the Relationship of Part to Whole, 1859-1920<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u5c0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u7684\u69cb\u5efa\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5f9e\u5176\u526f\u6a19\u984c\u7684\u6311\u91c1\u6027\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u6fc0\u767c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u548c\u9032\u5316\u79d1\u5b78\u7576\u524d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u662f\u5c0d\u8eab\u4efd\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u6279\u5224 \uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0d\u8eab\u4efd\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0cGagnier \u91cd\u65b0\u5be9\u8996\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u8853\u8a9e\u548c\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9839\u5ee2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u65b0\u5973\u6027\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u65b0\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u69cb\u60f3\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u3001\u7368\u7acb\u8207\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e00\u9818\u57df\u5728\u95dc\u9375\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u627f\u8a8d\u7684\u5c0d\u7269\u8cea\u5d4c\u5165\u3001\u793e\u5340\u548c\u793e\u5340\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u66f4\u958b\u653e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Regenia Gagnier \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u9839\u5ee2\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u8207\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u5979\u5f9e Paul Bourget \u5c0d\u9839\u5ee2\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff08 \u5373\u90e8\u5206\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u6574\u9ad4 \uff09\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u555f\u767c \uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff08 \u5982\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u548c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u90a3\u6a23 \uff09\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u601d\u60f3\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u6975\u9650\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u6574\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6642\u671f\u3002\u5c0d Gagnier \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9839\u5ee2\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u72c0\u614b \uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4f5c\u70ba\u9032\u6b65\uff08 \u7269\u5316\u70ba\u81ea\u4e3b \uff09\u548c\u500b\u9ad4\u5316\u4f5c\u70ba\u9839\u5ee2\uff08 \u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u7570\u5316\u6216\u5b64\u7acb \uff09\u662f\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u60f3\u50cf\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u7368\u7acb\u8207\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u9ad4\u767c\u5c55\u53ef\u80fd\u5a01\u8105\u6574\u9ad4\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4ea4\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7126\u616e \u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cGagnier \u9075\u5faa\u4e86 19 \u4e16\u7d00\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6bd4\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u672c\u8cea\u3001\u5c6c\u6027\u6216\u7dda\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7b49\u7bc4\u7587\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5979\u5c0d\u6b64\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6070\u7576\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5c55\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Regenia Gagnier \u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u7f8e\u611f\u751f\u6d3b\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7db2\u7d61\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u8207\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u548c\u7d2e\u6839\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u8a31\u591a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u57fa\u65bc\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\uff0c\u4f46 Gagnier \u7684\u66f8\u537b\u56e0\u5176\u5c0d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u7dca\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u63cf\u7e6a\u800c\u812b\u7a4e\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u5979\u7531\u6b64\u5efa\u69cb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u722d\u8ad6\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u8ad6\u5834\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5b78\u8853\u98a8\u683c \u2014\u2014 \u627f\u8a8d\u548c\u501f\u9452\u4ed6\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f \u2014\u2014\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u7db2\u7d61\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8077\u696d\u9053\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n Regenia Gagnier \u5f9e\u62bd\u8c61\u55ae\u4f4d\u5230\u5177\u9ad4\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53ca\u5176\u5404\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8b5c\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u00a0John Stuart Mill \u7684\u7406\u6027\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u00a0Arthur Schopenhauer\u00a0\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u70ba\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u9032\u884c\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u507d\u88dd\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u62f7\u554f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u507d\u88dd\u5a01\u8105\u5230\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0cHerbert Spencer \u57fa\u65bc\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u5316\u9032\u7a0b\u3001\u00a0Samuel Smiles \u7684\u6027\u683c\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u502b\u7406\u806f\u7e6b\uff08 \u6027\u683c\u7684\u8870\u843d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8870\u843d \uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Walter Bagehot \u7684\u9032\u5316\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728 \u201cPhysics and Politics<\/em>\u00a0(1872)<\/a>\u201d \u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c07\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u907a\u50b3\u7684\u539f\u7406\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u500b\u9ad4\u5316\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002( p 7 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u96a8\u5f8c\u501f\u9452 Mike Davis \u7684 \u201cLate Victorian Holocausts_ El Ni\u00f1o Famines and the Making of the Third World-Verso (2017)<\/a><\/em>\u201d\uff0cRegenia Gagnier \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728 Edward Carpenter \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u00a0Carpenter\u00a0\u8a8d\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u200b\u200b\u6587\u660e\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u5df1\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5a01\u8105\u8457\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u3002Gagnier \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u9839\u5ee2\u6587\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u8868\u660e\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u4e86\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u6ec5\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u62d2\u7d55\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u9839\u5ee2\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u652f\u6301\u524d\u5de5\u696d\u548c\u672c\u571f\u904b\u52d5\uff08\u5982\u611b\u723e\u862d\u6587\u85dd\u5fa9\u8208\uff09\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u4f7f\u5979\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u547c\u7c72\u5f15\u5165 \u201c\u66f4\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u9839\u5ee2\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5168\u7403\u8996\u89d2\u201d\u3002 ( p 23 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7b2c 1 \u7ae0 (The Ironies of Western Individualism ) \u5c0d\u975e\u5c0f\u8aaa\u6563\u6587\u3001\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u578b\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8b5c\u7cfb\u3002Regenia Gagnier \u63a2\u7d22\u4e86Herbert Spencer \u3001Matthew Arnold\u3001Walter Pater\u3001Oscar Wilde\u3001Sigmund Freud\u3001Clive Bell \u548c Theodor Adorno \u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u793e\u6703\u3001\u7f8e\u5b78\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f9e\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6982\u5ff5\u6f14\u8b8a\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u5979\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u300c\u65b0\u5973\u6027\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5973\u6027\u7f8e\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u6027\u5225\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0 (New Women, Female Aesthetes, and Socialist Individualists: the Literature of Separateness and Solubility ) \u95dc\u65bc\u9839\u5ee2\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u5316\u3001\u5167\u5728\u6027\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u3002Gagnier \u900f\u904e\u8907\u96dc\u4e14\u5e38\u5e38\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u610f\u5fd7\u7406\u8ad6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u9839\u5ee2\u500b\u9ad4\u5316\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u901a\u5e38\u8207\u4efb\u4f55\u300c\u7406\u6027\u300d\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\uff0c\u4e26\u501f\u9452\u4e86\u8a69\u4eba\uff08 Lionel Johnson\u3001Arthur Symons\u3001John Davidson\uff09\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff08Schopenhauer\u3001Nietzsche\uff09\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u5979\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u975e\u5e38\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u5169\u9805\u8a0e\u8ad6\u61c9\u8a72\u56e0\u5176\u986f\u8457\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u800c\u55ae\u7368\u5217\u51fa\u3002\u7b2c 2 \u7ae0 (New Women, Female Aesthetes, and Socialist Individualists: the Literature of Separateness and Solubility) \u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u65b0\u5973\u6027\u300d\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5c0d\u7368\u7acb\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5340\u5206\uff0c\u5c07\u5f8c\u8005\u8207\u5e73\u8861\u7368\u7acb\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5973\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7528\u4f86\u5340\u5206\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u66f4\u512a\u8d8a\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u719f\u6089\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46 Regenia Gagnier \u7e7c\u7e8c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5be9\u7f8e\u5be6\u9a57\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u5dee\u7570\u5316\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff08\u5979\u5c0d Alice Meynell \u548c Edith Lees \u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5c24\u5176\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0cGagnier \u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u85dd\u8853\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u5c07 Bloomsbury \u7f6e\u65bc\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u548c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u5be6\u9a57\u9802\u5cf0\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6587\u5b78\u53f2\u3002\u900f\u904e\u63cf\u7e6a\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u5982\u4f55\u8d85\u8d8a\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u975c\u614b\u7406\u89e3\uff0cGagnier \u5f97\u4ee5\u5340\u5206\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u596a\u56de\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u4e92\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u722d\u8b70\u9818\u57df\u3002\u5728 Gagnier \u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8a55\u50f9\u70ba\u8207\u9839\u5ee2\u6642\u671f\u66f4\u5177\u9632\u79a6\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5851\u9020\u548c\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u64f4\u5f35\u5f62\u5f0f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5f9e\u90e8\u5206-\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4f86\u5be9\u8996\u9019\u500b\u8a55\u50f9\u9805\u76ee\uff0cGagnier \u624d\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u793e\u6703\u548c\u9032\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8b8a\u5f97\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u8207\u6211\u5011\u8a55\u4f30\u502b\u7406\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7f8e\u5b78\u8868\u9054\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u5f0f\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7b2c 4 \u7ae0 (The Unclassed and the Non-Christian Roots of Philanthropy) \u7121\u7591\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u900f\u904e\u5169\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u6642\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u696d\u7684\u6096\u8ad6\uff08\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u696d\u5305\u62ec\u54ea\u4e9b\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff1f\uff09\uff1a\u5bb6\u5ead\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u5de5\u696d\u5354\u6703\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u570b\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6 Charles Geoffrey Leland\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u50c5\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e86 Romani \u8a9e\uff0c\u9084\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c \u201c\u8207\u6709\u52d5\u6a5f\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u6148\u5584\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b98\u50da\u6a5f\u69cb\u76f8\u53cd\u201d\uff08 p 126 \uff09\u3002Regenia Gagnier \u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u4e26\u64d4\u5fc3\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u9069\u61c9\u897f\u65b9\u7406\u6027\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6703\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6ec5\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u672c\u66f8\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0 (\u7b2c 5 \u7ae0 Good Europeans and Neo-liberal Cosmopolitans: Ethics and Politics in Late Victorian Cosmopolitanism and Beyond) \u5c07\u300c\u6b50\u6d32\u300d\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u529f\u80fd\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u7a2e\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c07\u5176\u7d0d\u5165\u7576\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u672c\u8eab\u6b63\u5728\u64f4\u5c55\u665a\u671f\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u6fc0\u9032\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u751f\u614b\u548c\u5c0d\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u5bec\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Mike Davis \u5c07\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7de8\u7e54\u5230\u5168\u7403\u80cc\u666f\u4e2d\u3002Regenia Gagnier \u7528\u4e00\u5f35\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u8faf\u8ad6\u7684\u6709\u7528\u5730\u5716\u4f86\u6846\u67b6\u5979\u5c0d\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5176\u4ed6\u8feb\u65bc\u5f62\u52e2\u58d3\u529b\u800c\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u523b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5316\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6c11\u65cf\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff08\u5728\u65b0\u8208\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5bb6\u5167\uff09\u6b63\u5728\u6fc0\u767c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9858\u671b\u3002Gagnier \u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u5c07\u5f37\u8abf\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f62\u5f0f\u8207\u627f\u8a8d\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5979\u5c0b\u6c42\u7dad\u6301\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u6279\u5224\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e3b\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u6027\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8a55\u50f9\u3002\u5979\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u614b\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u65e8\u5728\u6355\u6349\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4fdd\u7559\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u502b\u7406\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5340\u5206\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u3002\u5728\u6587\u5b78\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5979\u7279\u5225\u6307\u51fa\u4e86 William Morris \u5bcc\u6709\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u591a\u7a2e\u6587\u5b78\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u671f\uff08Gagnier \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u201cThe Earthly Paradise (1868\u201370)<\/a><\/em>\u201d \u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u82f1\u8a9e\u7b2c\u4e00\u9996\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8a69\u6b4c\u201d ( p 156)\uff09\u3002William Morris \u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u665a\u671f\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5169\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u300c\u5584\u826f\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u300d\u548c\u300c\u60c5\u611f\u6559\u80b2\u300d\u3002Gagnier \u5c07 Morris \u8207\u7576\u524d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u7acb\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba Morris \u6240\u8655\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u793e\u6703\u570b\u5bb6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\u662f\u5176\u9032\u6b65\u6f5b\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u8a55\u4f30\u5b83\u7684\u907a\u7522\u4e26\u4f7f\u5176\u8207\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u76f8\u95dc\uff0cGagnier \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u8207\u570b\u969b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u8a72\u8207\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u7576\u524d\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002\u95dc\u65bc J. K. Huysmans \u7684\u9644\u9304\u8207\u6559\u6703\u4e4b\u9593\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u7d93\u6b77\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u95dc\u9375\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u00a0Edward Carpenter\u00a0\u548c\u00a0Eleanor Marx\u3002\u5728\u6d41\u66a2\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0cGagnier \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u767c\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u70ba\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u665a\u671f\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u9019\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u59cb\u7d42\u4ee5\u5c07\u773e\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u8c61\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u5718\u9ad4\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u76f8\u4e92\u52d5\u614b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u9858\u671b\u70ba\u6307\u5c0e\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u5b83\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u6240\u91cd\u8996\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u4e0d\u540c\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u662f\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u6a02\u89c0\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6a02\u89c0\u614b\u5ea6\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u9817\u5177\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u6642\u4ee3\u98a8\u683c\u3002\u6839\u64da Regenia Gagnier \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u6574\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5979\u767c\u73fe\u7cfb\u7d71\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u6bd4\u6279\u5224\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u6709\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u9650\u5236\u591a\u65bc\u7d66\u4e88\u6211\u5011\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5f9e\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u548c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u601d\u8003\u77e5\u8b58\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u548c\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u65b0\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7406\u8ad6\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d9c\u5408\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u503c\u5f97\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u7262\u8a18\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u7dad\u5ea6\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u6703\u900f\u904e\u60f3\u50cf\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u8fa8\u5225\u548c\u53ef\u8f49\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u6216\u5408\u4f5c\uff09\u800c\u626d\u66f2\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u6d89\u53ca\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u98db\u8e8d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cGagnier \u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u7dad\u5ea6 \u2014\u2014 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u5340\u5206\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u8207\u7368\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u975e\u5c0d\u7a31\u4e92\u60e0\u6027\u8207\u5c0d\u7a31\u4e92\u60e0\u6027 \u2014\u2014 \u6070\u6070\u812b\u7a4e\u800c\u51fa\u3002Gagnier \u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6a21\u578b\u4f86\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u502b\u7406\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u4e8b\u5be6\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4eba\u985e\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7c21\u5316\u70ba\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7136\u800c\uff0cRegenia Gagnier \u7684\u9019\u9805\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u3001\u767c\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u672c\u79d1\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9069\u5408\u90a3\u4e9b\u9858\u610f\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u3002\u548c\u9839\u5ee2\u6d3e\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5927\u91cf\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u4e8c\u624b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5b83\u6210\u70ba\u8cc7\u8a0a\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u5bf6\u5eab\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u6216\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u8b49\u5be6\u3002\u6709\u95dc Charles Godfrey Leland \u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u5c0d\u5973\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u89e3\u8b80\u6216\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8b5c\u7cfb\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u8207\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6216\u7c21\u77ed\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u66f8\u7c4d\u5167\u5bb9\u66f4\u52a0\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0cGagnier \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c07\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u5be6\u73fe\u5176\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u70ba\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u82f1\u570b\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u8457\u540d\u6587\u5316\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Regenia Gagnier \u9996\u5148\u5c0d\u9839\u5ee2\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u72a7\u7272\u6574\u9ad4\u70ba\u4ee3\u50f9\u4f86\u8ffd\u6c42\u500b\u9ad4\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7e41\u69ae\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5728\u5176\u9f0e\u76db\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u542b\u7fa9\u3002\u5f9e Darwin \u548c John Stuart Mill \u5230\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u4ea4\u53ca\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0cGagnier \u6839\u64da\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u80cc\u666f\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u500b\u9ad4\uff1a\u592b\u59bb\u548c\u7236\u6bcd\/\u5b50\u5973\u4e8c\u5143\u7d44\uff1b\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u548c\u793e\u5340\uff1b\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\uff1b\u570b\u969b\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u5979\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff0c\u5f9e\u52d5\u614b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6bd4\u5f9e\u56fa\u5b9a\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u500b\u9ad4\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u9805\u5167\u5bb9\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eae\u9ede\u5305\u62ec\uff1a \u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u9032\u5316\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u79d1\u5b78\uff1bHerbert Spencer \u548c\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff1b Matthew Arnold \u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff1b \u65b0\u5973\u6027\u3001\u5973\u6027\u7f8e\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff1b \u8a69\u6b4c\u8207\u610f\u5fd7\u54f2\u5b78\uff1b\u5409\u666e\u8cfd\u50e7\u4eba\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u696d\uff1b Nietzsche \u7684 \u201c\u5584\u826f\u7684\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u548c\u7dad\u591a\u5229\u4e9e\u665a\u671f\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u201d\uff1b \u4ee5\u4e00\u4ee3\u66ff\u591a\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u6559\u7fa9\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u5730\u63cf\u7e6a\u73fe\u4ee3\u500b\u9ad4\u3002 xxxxxxxxxx Regenia Gagnier \u7684\u66f8 \u201cIndividualism, Decadence and Globalization: On the Relationship of Part to Whole, 1859-1920\u201d \u5c0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8853\u8a9e\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u7684\u69cb\u5efa\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5f9e\u5176\u526f\u6a19\u984c\u7684\u6311\u91c1\u6027\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u6fc0\u767c\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u548c\u9032\u5316\u79d1\u5b78\u7576\u524d\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6709\u6a5f\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u662f\u5c0d\u8eab\u4efd\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u6279\u5224 … Continue reading