\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\/\u751f\u5b58\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u5177\u6709\u300c\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5b89\u5eb7\u300d\u6216\u300c\u798f\u7949\u300d(wellbeing)? \u201cWell-being and theism: Linking ethics to God\u201d \u4e00\u66f8\u5206\u6210\u5169\u500b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e86\u617e\u671b\u6eff\u8db3\u578b\u798f\u5229\u7406\u8ad6\u672a\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u300c\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u597d\u300d\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u5ba2\u89c0\u6e05\u55ae\u578b\u798f\u5229\u7406\u8ad6\u672a\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u300c\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u70ba\u4e86\u300d\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u6355\u6349\u300c\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u300d\u7684\u9019\u5169\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u7d50\u7406\u8ad6 \u2014\u2014 \u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u540c\u6642\u5c0d\u5e78\u798f\u65bd\u52a0\u4e86\u50f9\u503c\u7d04\u675f\u548c\u617e\u671b\u7d04\u675f\u3002William A. Lauinger \u96a8\u5f8c\u91dd\u5c0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u634d\u885b\u4e86\u4ed6\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u617e\u671b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6 the desire-perfectionism theory \u7684\u547d\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0cWilliam A. Lauinger \u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u54ea\u7a2e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u6700\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u985e\u90fd\u64c1\u6709\u5c0d\u53cb\u8abc\u3001\u6210\u5c31\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7b49\u5167\u5728\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff1f\u300d\u6587\u7ae0\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5169\u689d\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8def\u5f91\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e00\u689d\u8def\u5f91\u90fd\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u5f15\u5411\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n
xxxxxxxx<\/p>\n
2010 \u5e74\uff0cSam Harris \u51fa\u7248\u4e86 \u201cThe Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values\u201d\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u5021\u5c0e\u4e00\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u8207\u52d5\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\uff0c\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u80fd\u5920\u63d0\u5347\u798f\u7949\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002 \u5c0d Sam Harris \u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u798f\u7949\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc \u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u5927\u8166\u72c0\u614b\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457 \u201c\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u771f\u7406\u624d\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u201d (\u201cThe Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values\u201d p 2 )\u3002 William A. Lauinger \u7684 \u201cWell-being and theism: Linking ethics to God\u201d \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u8207 Sam Harris \u7684\u798f\u7949\u6a21\u5f0f\u622a\u7136\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002Lauinger \u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e3b\u8981\u91dd\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u798f\u7949\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5982\u4f55\u8abf\u548c\u798f\u7949\u8207\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5275\u65b0\u4e14\u8ad6\u8b49\u5145\u5206\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u798f\u7949\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u5c07\u4eba\u985e\u798f\u7949\u8207\u4e0a\u5e1d\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u95e1\u8ff0\u4eba\u985e\u798f\u7949\u8207\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u6642\uff0cWilliam A. Lauinger \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u90fd\u8207\u66f4\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u3001\u540c\u6a23\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u502b\u7406\u8207\u4e0a\u5e1d\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u798f\u7949\u54f2\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002Lauinger \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u7a2e\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u617e\u671b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6 desire-perfection theory\uff0c\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u56de\u61c9\u4ed6\u5728\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u8ad6 pro-attitude \u548c\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9 objectivist \u798f\u7949\u7acb\u5834\u4e2d\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002Lauinger \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u5efa\u7acb\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8207\u9019\u5169\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0cLauinger \u5c07\u672c\u66f8\u5206\u6210\u5169\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 ( Well-Being ) \u5c0d\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7c21\u55ae\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u6982\u8ff0\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u4e8b\u5be6\u8207\u5426\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u300d\uff08\u5ee3\u7fa9\u4e0a\u6307\u617e\u671b\u6216\u885d\u52d5\uff09\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u662f\u5426\u9806\u5229\u3002\u5728\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0cWilliam A. Lauinger \u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u617e\u671b\u6eff\u8db3\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6311\u6230\u81ea\u8eab\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u617e\u671b\u6eff\u8db3\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u798f\u7949\u6b78\u6839\u7d50\u5e95\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u617e\u671b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u9084\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u3002Lauinger \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u99c1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201c\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u554f\u984c the stability problem\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u617e\u671b\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\u3002<\/p>\n
William A. Lauinger \u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\u662f\u617e\u671b\u6eff\u8db3\u7406\u8ad6\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb \u201c\u5be9\u614e\u5730\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u201d \u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u597d\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u617e\u671b\u6709\u6642\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u6e34\u671b\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7121\u76ca\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6bd2\u54c1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u617e\u671b\u6eff\u8db3\u7406\u8ad6 desire-fulfilment theories ( Ref.: Chris Heathwood – DESIRE-FULFILLMENT THEORY)\uff0c\u5982\u679c A \u6c7a\u5b9a\u5438\u7159\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5438\u7159\u5c0d A \u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u5be9\u614e\u5730\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff08\u5373\u5438\u7159\u6709\u52a9\u65bc A \u7684\u5065\u5eb7\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5438\u7159\u6709\u5bb3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d A \u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u5be9\u614e\u5730\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\uff08\u5373\u5438\u7159\u4e0d\u6703\u4fc3\u9032 A \u7684\u5065\u5eb7\uff09\u3002Lauinger \u5c0d\u617e\u671b\u6eff\u8db3\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u4f5c\u70ba\u5224\u65b7\u751a\u9ebc\u662f\u5be9\u614e\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u56de\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\u5728\u5438\u7159\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u6703\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u5438\u7159\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u93ae\u975c\u795e\u7d93\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u9ad4\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n
William A. Lauinger \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u8a31\u61c9\u8a72\u63a2\u8a0e\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u5c0d \u201c\u4f55\u70ba\u5be9\u614e\u4e4b\u60e1\u201d \u7684\u7406\u89e3 ( p 32 )\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u898f\u7bc4 \u201c\u4f55\u70ba\u5be9\u614e\u4e4b\u5584\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u812b\u96e2\u5176\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u96e3\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u985e\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u790e\u6311\u6230\u4e86 Lauinger \u95dc\u65bc\u5167\u5728\u617e\u671b\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u617e\u671b\u4e26\u975e\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d7\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u5851\u9020\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u6211\u5011\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u548c\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u5047\u8a2d\u6587\u5316\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u7684 \u201c\u89aa\u8fd1\u614b\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u6216\u8a31\u6703\u51cc\u99d5\u65bc\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u798f\u7949\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u4e4b\u4e0a \u3002\u5982\u679c\u771f\u662f\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u502b\u7406\u6700\u7d42\u6216\u8a31\u8207\u6587\u5316\u800c\u975e\u4e0a\u5e1d\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5c0d\u617e\u671b\u6eff\u8db3\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0cWilliam A. Lauinger \u8f49\u5411\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u91cb\u300c\u5be9\u614e\u6709\u76ca\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u6709\u76ca\u300d\u90e8\u5206\u3002Lauinger \u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u5ba2\u89c0\u6e05\u55ae\u7406\u8ad6 objective-list theories ( p 4 )\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5f9e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5065\u5eb7\u6216\u53cb\u8abc\uff09\u800c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002\u5118\u7ba1Lauinger \u627f\u8a8d\u5ba2\u89c0\u6e05\u55ae\u7406\u8ad6\u80fd\u5920\u6355\u6349\u300c\u5be9\u614e\u6709\u76ca\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u6709\u76ca\u300d\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u7372\u5f97\u6e05\u55ae\u4e0a\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u662f\u4e0d\u5920\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u4ee5\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u9858\u671b\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u624d\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u7406\u8ad6\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u4f46\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u5fc5\u9808\u6eff\u8db3\u67d0\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u6b63\u5982Lauinger \u6240\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7d50\u5408\u4eba\u985e\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6e34\u671b\u67d0\u7a2e\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c0d\u5176\u7522\u751f\u5fc3\u7406\u76ca\u8655\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n
William A. Lauinger \u6210\u529f\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u4e26\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0cLauinger \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u63a8\u5d07\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6216\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u4e3b\u7fa9 \uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5169\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u8655\u90fd\u6703\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u8f49\u5411\u5c0d\u65b9\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6beb\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u53cd\u8986\u5faa\u74b0 \u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u6253\u7834\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0cLauinger \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7406\u8ad6 \u2014\u2014 \u617e\u671b-\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6 desire-perfection theory\uff0c\u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u65e8\u5728\u5f4c\u5408\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002\u617e\u671b-\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u6e34\u671b\u7372\u5f97\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u3001\u5167\u5728\u7684\u5584\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u53cb\u8abc\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u6e34\u671b\u9019\u4e9b\u5167\u5728\u7684\u5584\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u624d\u80fd\u4fc3\u9032\u5176\u5e78\u798f\u3002( ref.: Susan Wolf, ‘Happiness and Meaning – Two Aspects of the Good Life’ )<\/p>\n
William A. Lauinger \u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5169\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5f88\u5f37\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u5ba2\u89c0\u50f9\u503c\u7d04\u675f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u70ba\u300c\u5be9\u614e\u5730\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u597d\u300d\u90e8\u5206\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u53cb\u8abc\uff08\u617e\u671b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5f62\u5f0f\u9ad4\u73fe\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0cLauinger \u4e5f\u8a2d\u6cd5\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u65bd\u52a0\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f86\u95dc\u6ce8\u300c\u5be9\u614e\u5730\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u6709\u76ca\u300d\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u617e\u671b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u617e\u671b\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u617e\u671b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7406\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7f3a\u4e4f\u95dc\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u9069\u5408\u5979\u5be9\u614e\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5979\u6e34\u671b\u7372\u5f97\u4ee3\u8868\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u5c0d\u5979\u6709\u76ca\u3002\u4ee5 Rachel Sumner \u7684\u85cd\u8349\u97f3\u6a02\u70ba\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u5f9e\u672a\u807d\u904e\u85cd\u8349\u97f3\u6a02\u7684\u4eba\u8d70\u9032\u516c\u5712\uff0c\u807d\u5230\u85cd\u8349\u97f3\u6a02\uff0c\u4e26\u6c7a\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b61\u5b83\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5979\u4e4b\u524d\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u85cd\u8349\u97f3\u6a02\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u6eff\u8db3\u4e86\u5979\u5c0d\u7f8e\u5b78\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u5167\u5728\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5979\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u3002( p 27 )<\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5f8c\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\uff0cWilliam A. Lauinger \u9078\u64c7\u63a1\u7528\u4e00\u7a2e\u65e2\u5305\u542b\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u53c8\u5305\u542b\u5ba2\u89c0\u50f9\u503c\u7d04\u675f\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9019\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u8ad6\u8b49\u6240\u80fd\u904b\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 \uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9677\u3002Lauinger \u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5176\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff1a\u975e\u5f15\u5c0e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u548c Aristotle \u7684\u8cea\u6599\u5f62\u614b\u8ad6 hylomorphism\u3002\u975e\u5f15\u5c0e\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6f14\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u7e41\u6b96\u5f15\u5c0e\u3002Lauinger \u6240\u63a1\u7528\u7684 Aristotle \u7684\u8cea\u6599\u5f62\u614b\u8ad6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7531\u7269\u8cea\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u4e26\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u5be6\u9ad4\u5f62\u5f0f substantial form\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f15\u5c0e\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u8d70\u5411\u5176\u6700\u4f73\u798f\u7949\uff08\u5373\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u4f73\u798f\u7949\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u985e\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5118\u7ba1 William A. Lauinger \u654f\u92b3\u5730\u70ba\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\uff0c\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u4ed6\u5c0d\u76f8\u95dc\u8ad6\u8b49\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7d42\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u51fa\u6240\u6599\u5730\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u9084\u662f\u8cea\u6599\u5f62\u614b\u8ad6\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u53d7 St. Thomas Aquinas \u555f\u767c\u7684\u4e09\u91cd\u4eba\u985e\u617e\u671b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u4f9d\u64da\u3002Lauinger \u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u617e\u671b\u7684\u6700\u6df1\u5c64\u662f\u5c0d\u7121\u9650\u5584\u6216\u7121\u9650\u5ba2\u9ad4\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5047\u8a2d\u4e0a\u5e1d\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5141\u8a31\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f5c\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c64\u617e\u671b\u4ee3\u8868\u5c0d\u57fa\u672c\u5584\u7684\u5167\u5728\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53cb\u8abc\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\uff0cLauinger \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u6e34\u671b\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5c0d\u7121\u9650\u5584\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c64\u617e\u671b\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u6709\u9650\u57fa\u672c\u5584\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0cLauinger \u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u6709\u9650\u57fa\u672c\u5584\u65e2\u975e\u5167\u5728\u4e5f\u975e\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002Lauinger \u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u6279\u8a55\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u64c1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u9019\u8981\u6c42\u6f14\u5316\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5167\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6f14\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u975e\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u7522\u751f\u3002\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u6700\u7d42\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u56fa\u5b9a\u5f62\u614b\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u5728 Lauinger \u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u4e8b\u7269\u5c31\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002Lauinger \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8cea\u6599\u8ad6\u548c\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u53ea\u6709\u8f49\u5411\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7cfe\u6b63\u3002\u7576\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u5ba2\u89c0\u50f9\u503c\u7121\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u81ea\u7136\u904e\u7a0b\u89e3\u91cb\u6642\uff0c\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u80fd\u5920\u5f4c\u5408\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u8207\u57fa\u672c\u5584\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u812b\u7bc0\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u61c9\u50c5\u5f9e\u8868\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
William A. Lauinger \u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u9032\u5316\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u9ad4\u5167\u7522\u751f\u5c0d\u57fa\u672c\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa \uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9032\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6578\u5b78 Plato \u4e3b\u7fa9 mathematical Platonism\uff0c\u8a72\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8a8d\u70ba\u6578\u5b57\u548c\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5c0d\u8c61\uff09\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002 \u201c\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u96e3\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u55ae\u6191\u9032\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u80fd\u5426\u8ce6\u4e88\u6211\u5011\u9032\u884c\u6578\u5b78\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u55ae\u6191\u9032\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u8ce6\u4e88\u6211\u5011\u7a81\u7834\u6216\u9023\u63a5\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u6578\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002( p 126 )\u201d \u5118\u7ba1 Lauinger \u627f\u8a8d\u9019\u4e00\u8aaa\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u85c9\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff08\u5373\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff09\u4f86\u61c9\u5c0d\u9019\u7a2e\u812b\u7bc0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u57f9\u990a\u5c0d\u57fa\u672c\u5546\u54c1\u9700\u6c42\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u80fd\u50c5\u50c5\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u7121\u5f15\u5c0e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9032\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u7b2c 5.4 \u7bc0\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u548c\u502b\u7406\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u503c\u5f97\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u5118\u7ba1 William FitzPatrick \u8072\u7a31\u300c\u75bc\u75db\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u300d\u4e26\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u88ab\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u52de\u56e0\u683c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u6587\u5316\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u75bc\u75db\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bdb\u5229\u4eba\u7684\u5854\u83ab\u514b\u7d0b\u8eab\u548c\u62c9\u79d1\u5854\u4eba\u7684\u8056\u4e39\u65af\u7d0b\u8eab\u3002( ‘Robust Ethical Realism, Non-Naturalism, and Normativity.’ In \u201cOxford Studies in Metaethics\u201d, Volume 3, edited by Russ Shafer-Landau, pp 159\u2013205 & ‘Ethical Non-Naturalism and Normative Properties.’ In \u201cNew Waves in Metaethics\u201d, edited by Michael Brady, 7\u201335. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. )<\/p>\n
\u6bdb\u5229\u4eba\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u523a\u9752\u624b\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u947f\u5b50\u947f\u53bb\u81c9\u4e0a\u7684\u8089\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c07\u58a8\u6c34\u5857\u62b9\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7acb\u9ad4\u7684\u51f9\u69fd\u5716\u6848\u3002Lakota Sundance \u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u5100\u5f0f\u6027\u7684\u7a7f\u5b54\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u61f8\u639b\u4ee5\u53ca\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u76ae\u819a\u5b8c\u5168\u525d\u96e2\uff0c\u4ee5\u50cf\u5fb5\u500b\u4eba\u70ba\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u72a7\u7272\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u75bc\u75db\u4e26\u975e\u88ab\u8ff4\u907f\u6216\u6e1b\u8f15\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u523b\u610f\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u7fa4\u9ad4\u878d\u5408\u548c\u6b78\u5c6c\u611f\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u5118\u7ba1William A. Lauinger \u4ee5\u75bc\u75db\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u63a2\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u96d9\u91cd\u6027\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e2d\u300c\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u8ca0\u8f09 value laden\u300d\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6700\u7d42\uff0cWilliam A. Lauinger \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u662f\u5f4c\u5408\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u8207\u57fa\u672c\u798f\u7949\u4e4b\u9593\u9d3b\u6e9d\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9014\u5f91 \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Dan Weijers\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6301\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u878d\u5408\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6a02\u89c0\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5b83\u8a8d\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u6216\u8a31\u80fd\u5920\u900f\u904e\u8f14\u52a9 \u201c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u985e\u627e\u5230\u751f\u547d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u52d5\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u7121\u9650\u7684\u5f8c\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5f8c\u679c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6703\u5c0d\u751f\u547d\u7522\u751f\u7121\u9650\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u201d(Dan Weijers – Optimistic-Naturalism-Scientific-Advancement-and-the-Meaning-of-Life)\u3002 \u6a02\u89c0\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u616e\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u4ee5\u65b0\u7a4e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c07\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u798f\u7949\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u9084\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u6311\u6230 Lauinger \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8abf\u89e3\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u798f\u7949\u89c0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7121\u8ad6\u4f60\u5c6c\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u4e3b\u7fa9\/\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u6d3e\uff0c \u201cWell-being and theism: Linking ethics to God\u201d \u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u4e14\u767c\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u904e\u6311\u6230\u65e2\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e26\u5f15\u5165\u65e8\u5728\u5f4c\u88dc\u73fe\u6709\u798f\u7949\u7406\u8ad6\u67d0\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u617e\u671b-\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8c50\u5bcc\u4e86\u798f\u7949\u6587\u737b\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u672c\u66f8\u5c0d\u9032\u5316\u8ad6\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u6709\u6642\u4e0d\u5920\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u502b\u7406\u8207\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e4b\u9593\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u8cea\u7591\u503c\u5f97\u7a31\u8b9a\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u5c07\u70ba\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7814\u7a76\u958b\u95e2\u65b0\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u3002\u7e3d\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cWilliam A. Lauinger \u6210\u529f\u5730\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5373\u69cb\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u614b\u5ea6\u8ad6\u548c\u5ba2\u89c0\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6a21\u578b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u4f86\u652f\u6490\u9019\u4e9b\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u7684\u617e\u671b-\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\/\u751f\u5b58\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u5177\u6709\u300c\u5e78\u798f\u611f\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5b89\u5eb7\u300d\u6216\u300c\u798f\u7949\u300d(wellbeing)? \u201cWell-being and theism: Linking ethics to God\u201d \u4e00\u66f8\u5206\u6210\u5169\u500b\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e86\u617e\u671b\u6eff\u8db3\u578b\u798f\u5229\u7406\u8ad6\u672a\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u300c\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u597d\u300d\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u5ba2\u89c0\u6e05\u55ae\u578b\u798f\u5229\u7406\u8ad6\u672a\u80fd\u6355\u6349\u300c\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u300d\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u70ba\u4e86\u300d\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u6355\u6349\u300c\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u300d\u7684\u9019\u5169\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u7d50\u7406\u8ad6 \u2014\u2014 \u8a72\u7406\u8ad6\u540c\u6642\u5c0d\u5e78\u798f\u65bd\u52a0\u4e86\u50f9\u503c\u7d04\u675f\u548c\u617e\u671b\u7d04\u675f\u3002William A. Lauinger \u96a8\u5f8c\u91dd\u5c0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u634d\u885b\u4e86\u4ed6\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u617e\u671b\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6 the desire-perfectionism theory \u7684\u547d\u984c\u3002 \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0cWilliam A. Lauinger \u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u54ea\u7a2e\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u6700\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u985e\u90fd\u64c1\u6709\u5c0d\u53cb\u8abc\u3001\u6210\u5c31\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7b49\u5167\u5728\u6e34\u671b\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff1f\u300d\u6587\u7ae0\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5169\u689d\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5f62\u4e0a\u5b78\u8def\u5f91\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u5730\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e00\u689d\u8def\u5f91\u90fd\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u5f15\u5411\u6709\u795e\u8ad6\u3002 xxxxxxxx 2010 \u5e74\uff0cSam Harris \u51fa\u7248\u4e86 \u201cThe Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values\u201d\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u5021\u5c0e\u4e00\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u8207\u52d5\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\uff0c\u50c5\u9650\u65bc\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u80fd\u5920\u63d0\u5347\u798f\u7949\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002 \u5c0d Sam Harris \u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u798f\u7949\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc … Continue reading