{"id":9521,"date":"2026-07-14T03:47:16","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T03:47:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/?p=9521"},"modified":"2026-07-14T03:47:16","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T03:47:16","slug":"%e8%8f%81%e8%8b%b1%e7%b5%b1%e6%b2%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/2026\/07\/14\/%e8%8f%81%e8%8b%b1%e7%b5%b1%e6%b2%bb\/","title":{"rendered":"\u83c1\u82f1\u7d71\u6cbb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1000103669-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9522\" srcset=\"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1000103669-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1000103669-300x300.jpg 300w, http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1000103669-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1000103669-768x768.jpg 768w, http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1000103669.jpg 1254w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thomas Nagel \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u793e\u6703\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u57fa\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u6216\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u83c1\u82f1\u64c7\u512a\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff08meritocracy\uff09\u5f80\u5f80\u7d66\u4e88\u90a3\u4e9b\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u667a\u5546\u3001\u9ad8\u5b78\u6b77\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u624d\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u4ee5\u9060\u8d85\u5e38\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u540c\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u8b77\u58eb\u3001\u5de5\u5ee0\u5de5\u4eba\u6216\u8b77\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5f8b\u5e2b\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u6216\u91d1\u878d\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\u8f9b\u52e4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u537b\u7372\u5f97\u5c11\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u56de\u5831\u3002\u5167\u683c\u723e\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e26\u975e\u5426\u5b9a\u300c\u624d\u80fd\u8207\u529f\u7e3e\u300d\uff08merit\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a\u5373\u5e02\u5834\u7d50\u679c\u80fd\u5b8c\u7f8e\u53cd\u6620\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u61c9\u5f97\u7684\u5831\u916c\u3002\u5929\u8ce6\u5c31\u50cf\u793e\u6703\u512a\u52e2\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u4fbf\u5df2\u8a3b\u5b9a\u4e14\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5747\u7684\u5076\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u500b\u4eba\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u50c5\u8981\u8003\u616e\u6a5f\u6703\u5747\u7b49\uff0c\u9084\u5fc5\u9808\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3001\u5c0a\u56b4\u8207\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thomas Nagel \u5c0d\u529f\u7e3e\u4e3b\u7fa9\/\u83c1\u82f1\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6279\u5224<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5929\u8ce6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4efb\u610f\u6027\uff08\u5929\u751f\u7684\u904b\u6c23\uff09\uff1aThomas Nagel \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u529b\u3001\u9ad4\u80fd\u7b49\u5929\u8ce6\u662f\u300c\u57fa\u56e0\u904b\u6c23\u300d\u6216\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u904b\u6c23\u300d\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u500b\u4eba\u52aa\u529b\u8cfa\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u734e\u52f5\u6a5f\u5236\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u5929\u751f\u7684\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u734e\u52f5\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u64c1\u6709\u597d\u57fa\u56e0\u300d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u529f\u7e3e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6b98\u9177\u6027\uff1a\u9019\u7a2e\u9ad4\u5236\u4e0d\u50c5\u8b93\u52dd\u51fa\u8005\u7522\u751f\u50b2\u6162\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8ca1\u5bcc\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u5168\u662f\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u61c9\u5f97\u7684\u300d\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u8b93\u5c45\u65bc\u52a3\u52e2\u7684\u4eba\u9677\u5165\u81ea\u6211\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u8ca7\u56f0\u6216\u5931\u6557\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u5920\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5408\u7406\u5316\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u96e3\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u843d\u5dee\u3002<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e02\u5834\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\uff1a\u500b\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u4e0a\u80fd\u63db\u53d6\u591a\u5c11\u5831\u916c\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6642\u4ee3\u9700\u6c42\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u904b\u52d5\u54e1\u6216\u4f01\u696d\u9ad8\u5c64\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u9060\u9ad8\u65bc\u770b\u8b77\u6216\u6559\u5e2b\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5176\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u55ae\u6191\u5e02\u5834\u4f86\u8ad6\u529f\u884c\u8cde\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8207 Michael Sandel \u7684\u95dc\u806f\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff1a<br>\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Michael Sandel \u5728\u300a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u53cd\u601d\/\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u50b2\u6162\uff08The Tyranny of Merit\uff09\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u529f\u7e3e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u731b\u70c8\u62a8\u64ca\uff0c\u4fbf\u6df1\u53d7 Nagel \u7b49\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u904b\u6c23\u300d\u8207\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\u555f\u767c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cEquality and Partiality\u201d<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cThe Tyranny of Merit\u201d<\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thomas Nagel \u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u793e\u6703\u514b\u670d\u4e86\u57fa\u65bc\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u6216\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u6b67\u8996\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u83c1\u82f1\u64c7\u512a\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff08meritocracy\uff09\u5f80\u5f80\u7d66\u4e88\u90a3\u4e9b\u64c1\u6709\u9ad8\u667a\u5546\u3001\u9ad8\u5b78\u6b77\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u5e02\u5834\u5316\u624d\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u4ee5\u9060\u8d85\u5e38\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u540c\u7b49\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u8b77\u58eb\u3001\u5de5\u5ee0\u5de5\u4eba\u6216\u8b77\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5f8b\u5e2b\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u6216\u91d1\u878d\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\u8f9b\u52e4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u537b\u7372\u5f97\u5c11\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u56de\u5831\u3002\u5167\u683c\u723e\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e26\u975e\u5426\u5b9a\u300c\u624d\u80fd\u8207\u529f\u7e3e\u300d\uff08merit\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u5047\u8a2d\uff1a\u5373\u5e02\u5834\u7d50\u679c\u80fd\u5b8c\u7f8e\u53cd\u6620\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u61c9\u5f97\u7684\u5831\u916c\u3002\u5929\u8ce6\u5c31\u50cf\u793e\u6703\u512a\u52e2\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u51fa\u751f\u6642\u4fbf\u5df2\u8a3b\u5b9a\u4e14\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5747\u7684\u5076\u7136\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u500b\u4eba\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e0d\u50c5\u8981\u8003\u616e\u6a5f\u6703\u5747\u7b49\uff0c\u9084\u5fc5\u9808\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3001\u5c0a\u56b4\u8207\u8ca2\u737b\u3002 Thomas Nagel \u5c0d\u529f\u7e3e\u4e3b\u7fa9\/\u83c1\u82f1\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6279\u5224 \u5929\u8ce6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4efb\u610f\u6027\uff08\u5929\u751f\u7684\u904b\u6c23\uff09\uff1aThomas Nagel \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u529b\u3001\u9ad4\u80fd\u7b49\u5929\u8ce6\u662f\u300c\u57fa\u56e0\u904b\u6c23\u300d\u6216\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u904b\u6c23\u300d\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u500b\u4eba\u52aa\u529b\u8cfa\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u734e\u52f5\u6a5f\u5236\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u5929\u751f\u7684\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u734e\u52f5\u90a3\u4e9b\u300c\u64c1\u6709\u597d\u57fa\u56e0\u300d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002 \u529f\u7e3e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6b98\u9177\u6027\uff1a\u9019\u7a2e\u9ad4\u5236\u4e0d\u50c5\u8b93\u52dd\u51fa\u8005\u7522\u751f\u50b2\u6162\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8ca1\u5bcc\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u5168\u662f\u300c\u81ea\u5df1\u61c9\u5f97\u7684\u300d\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u8b93\u5c45\u65bc\u52a3\u52e2\u7684\u4eba\u9677\u5165\u81ea\u6211\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u8ca7\u56f0\u6216\u5931\u6557\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u5920\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5408\u7406\u5316\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u96e3\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u968e\u7d1a\u843d\u5dee\u3002 \u5e02\u5834\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\uff1a\u500b\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u5e02\u5834\u4e0a\u80fd\u63db\u53d6\u591a\u5c11\u5831\u916c\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6642\u4ee3\u9700\u6c42\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u904b\u52d5\u54e1\u6216\u4f01\u696d\u9ad8\u5c64\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u9060\u9ad8\u65bc\u770b\u8b77\u6216\u6559\u5e2b\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5176\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u55ae\u6191\u5e02\u5834\u4f86\u8ad6\u529f\u884c\u8cde\u662f\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u3002 \u8207 Michael Sandel \u7684\u95dc\u806f\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff1a\u7576\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6 Michael Sandel \u5728\u300a\u6210\u529f\u7684\u53cd\u601d\/\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u50b2\u6162\uff08The Tyranny of Merit\uff09\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u529f\u7e3e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u731b\u70c8\u62a8\u64ca\uff0c\u4fbf\u6df1\u53d7 Nagel \u7b49\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u300c\u9053\u5fb7\u904b\u6c23\u300d\u8207\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u89c0\u9ede\u555f\u767c\u3002 \u201cEquality and Partiality\u201d \u201cThe Tyranny of Merit\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category--chaos"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pc7IvU-2tz","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9521","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9521"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9523,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9521\/revisions\/9523"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/philosophers.org\/ckf\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}