Archives
- January 2025 (3)
- December 2024 (5)
- November 2024 (4)
- October 2024 (5)
- September 2024 (6)
- August 2024 (5)
- July 2024 (6)
- June 2024 (6)
- May 2024 (9)
- April 2024 (8)
- March 2024 (9)
- February 2024 (6)
- January 2024 (6)
- December 2023 (2)
- November 2023 (5)
- October 2023 (11)
- September 2023 (13)
- August 2023 (13)
- July 2023 (19)
- June 2023 (19)
- May 2023 (20)
- April 2023 (22)
- March 2023 (23)
- February 2023 (22)
- January 2023 (28)
- December 2022 (25)
- November 2022 (18)
- October 2022 (22)
- September 2022 (26)
- August 2022 (30)
- July 2022 (33)
- June 2022 (22)
- May 2022 (30)
- April 2022 (28)
- March 2022 (29)
- February 2022 (15)
- January 2022 (4)
- December 2021 (4)
- November 2021 (1)
- October 2021 (2)
- September 2021 (2)
- August 2021 (6)
- July 2021 (9)
- May 2021 (8)
- April 2021 (15)
- March 2021 (7)
- January 2021 (5)
- October 2020 (5)
- September 2020 (10)
- August 2020 (1)
- July 2020 (2)
- June 2020 (3)
- April 2020 (1)
- March 2020 (1)
- February 2020 (1)
- January 2020 (4)
- December 2019 (1)
- August 2019 (1)
- October 2018 (2)
- September 2018 (3)
- August 2018 (2)
- July 2018 (1)
- April 2018 (1)
- March 2018 (2)
- February 2018 (1)
- December 2017 (3)
- November 2017 (1)
- October 2017 (3)
- September 2017 (2)
- August 2017 (6)
- June 2017 (1)
- May 2017 (3)
- April 2017 (2)
- March 2017 (6)
- February 2017 (8)
- January 2017 (5)
- December 2016 (7)
- November 2016 (7)
- October 2016 (2)
- September 2016 (5)
- August 2016 (4)
- July 2016 (2)
- June 2016 (22)
- May 2016 (17)
- April 2016 (13)
- March 2016 (13)
- February 2016 (16)
- January 2016 (13)
- December 2015 (27)
- November 2015 (42)
- October 2015 (40)
- September 2015 (49)
- August 2015 (43)
- July 2015 (28)
- June 2015 (38)
- May 2015 (46)
- April 2015 (67)
- March 2015 (49)
- February 2015 (28)
- January 2015 (20)
- December 2014 (23)
- November 2014 (18)
- October 2014 (20)
- September 2014 (30)
- August 2014 (28)
- July 2014 (24)
- June 2014 (25)
- May 2014 (12)
- April 2014 (8)
- March 2014 (13)
- February 2014 (5)
- January 2014 (2)
- December 2013 (7)
- November 2013 (11)
- October 2013 (25)
- September 2013 (30)
- August 2013 (34)
- July 2013 (33)
- June 2013 (46)
- May 2013 (47)
- April 2013 (4)
- March 2013 (3)
- March 2011 (1)
- December 2008 (1)
- November 2008 (1)
- July 2008 (3)
- April 2008 (3)
- February 2008 (1)
- December 2007 (3)
- November 2007 (2)
- October 2007 (5)
- September 2007 (3)
- August 2007 (3)
- July 2007 (2)
- June 2007 (1)
- May 2007 (2)
- April 2007 (4)
- March 2007 (23)
- February 2007 (4)
- January 2007 (6)
- December 2006 (2)
- October 2006 (1)
- June 2006 (1)
- April 2005 (1)
- July 2003 (1)
- April 2003 (1)
- April 2002 (1)
- February 2001 (1)
- November 2000 (1)
- April 2000 (1)
- October 1999 (1)
- September 1999 (2)
- June 1999 (1)
- May 1999 (3)
- March 1999 (1)
- October 1998 (1)
- August 1998 (1)
- July 1998 (2)
- May 1998 (4)
- April 1998 (4)
- February 1998 (1)
- December 1997 (2)
- November 1997 (1)
- October 1997 (2)
- September 1997 (2)
- July 1997 (4)
- June 1997 (2)
- May 1997 (1)
- April 1997 (1)
- March 1997 (1)
- December 1996 (1)
- May 1996 (1)
Categories
- 念一瓢酌 Memory (28)
- 思一瓢酌 Thinking (1,003)
- 混沌一瓢酌 chaos (284)
- 獨語一瓢酌 soliloquy (441)
- 生一瓢酌 Life (223)
- 讀一瓢酌 Read (1,014)
- 遊一瓢酌 Traveling (47)
- 饒舌一瓢酌 Rapping (244)
Meta
Author Said Something
Daily Archives: June 28, 2014
政治
政治其實是一個許諾。透過政治、透過人的參與,眾人才能體會自由,並從多元之中認識彼此,實現大家的信念。 「自由不只是從某個人(如獨裁者)的支配下釋放出來,更是從『強制』這整個領域[無論是生產的必要或自然災害所導致的強制]中釋放出來。」所以,自由從一開始就帶着自我主宰和冒險的意思。 既然我們是政治上的行動者、肇始者,我們就是故事主角,藍圖非由她一人決定。此外,人類的行動(在本質上)是沒有人能充分預知的。也因為這樣,人類必須參與,我們的前途不是死局,這是政治的許諾。 xxxxccccc 《讀書好》第八十二期 細讀社會 預告 帶來希望的政治 孟繁麟@教育工作關注組 我們的教育本身是反政治的,學校要去政治化,老師最好隱藏政治立場。即使聲嘶力竭地叫學生關心政治,但教師和學生都看不到自己在政治上可扮演甚麼角色,無力感和虛無感更扼殺了參與政治的活力。漢娜‧鄂蘭的《政治的許諾》正好叫我們重新思考甚麼是政治。 漢娜‧鄂蘭是猶太人,二戰時曾流亡巴黎救助猶太人,及後輾轉到美國研究極權主義。她所寫的《政治的許諾》(The Promise of Politics)主要有兩部分。第一部分由數個政治思想史演講組成。在她的《極權的由來》(The Origins of Totalitarianism)出版後,她想進一步探索政治的本質,便做了一系列演講。第二部分則是鄂蘭原以德語寫成的長文 「Introduction Into Politics」(「引入政治之引論」)。書名何以叫《政治的許諾》?書名乃編者歌翰(Jerome Kohn)所選。在一般人眼中,政治是必要之惡,或骯髒不能碰的東西。鄂蘭卻深信那根本誤解了政治:政治其實是一個許諾。透過政治、透過人的參與,眾人才能體會自由,並從多元之中認識彼此,實現大家的信念。 鄂蘭認為,政治的本質自蘇格拉底到馬克思已被誤解。首先,我們常把政治視為手段──達至繁榮、正義、光榮等手段,忽略政治本身的意義。她指出,政治本來是人類透過言說參與的活動,不由具體目的去界定。一般人把政治當作妥協、生產合作的手段,但鄂蘭指出,政治其實不是由這些要求所催迫的;之所以有政治,全因人類是自己的主角,決定自己的命途。故此,鄂蘭強調自由與政治的關係:觀乎古希臘,「自由不只是從某個人(如獨裁者)的支配下釋放出來,更是從『強制』這整個領域[無論是生產的必要或自然災害所導致的強制]中釋放出來。」所以,自由從一開始就帶着自我主宰和冒險的意思。除了思想史上歷來的誤解,獨裁政權和戰爭危機,更令人以為政治只是野心家的玩意,只有武力而沒理想可言。鄂蘭警告,一旦我們的思考被這些偏見蠶食,便把政治活動寶貴的地方都拋棄了。 鄂蘭所尋求的是甚麼?摒除我們對政治的偏見和麻木,重新界定(被誤解了的)政治,撥開時代的迷霧,讓我們看見政治的一個真實面相。「Introduction Into Politics」標題中的「into」(引入),所指的是引導讀者進入實在政治的經驗,帶領我們體會行動者的角色。只有當我們擺脫強制,自由交談,方能彼此了解,認識人類多元。 對於政治的目標,鄂蘭沒提出具體藍圖。這極可能出於她一貫想法:既然我們是政治上的行動者、肇始者,我們就是故事主角,藍圖非由她一人決定。此外,人類的行動(在本質上)是沒有人能充分預知的。也因為這樣,人類必須參與,我們的前途不是死局,這是政治的許諾。 欲看全文,請留意6月30日出版的第八十二期《讀書好》,或《讀書好》網上版網頁:www.books4you.com.hk 或到AppStore下載 讀書好App
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 獨語一瓢酌 soliloquy, 讀一瓢酌 Read
Leave a comment