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Daily Archives: August 19, 2014
近代史
近現代的歷史進程中,自然科學,尤其是物理學、化學及生物學對人類社會文化產生了深刻而長遠的影響。相對而言歷史學雖然不再是精確而充滿瑕疵的學科。相反它們之所以不同於物理學、化學與生物學,主要是因為人類行為的複雜,以及人類行為變遷的快速所致。 觀乎世界史的發展,人類徘徊於傳統與”現代”之間。而且越趨於現代這兩方面的張力也越來越大,例如伊斯蘭教、印度教下的人、社會就是一個好好的例子。 對歷史的發展可以是悲觀、樂觀。悲觀的如史賓格納,他認為人類歷史的進程就如春夏秋東……會滅亡(見《西方的沒落》)。樂觀的如湯恩比,人類歷史的發展就在挑戰與回應 之間徘徊(見《歷史研究》)。無論上述那一種,對歷史內容性的的理解、尤其是大歷史的理解是至關重要的。每一民族、每一地區都有其獨特的各別歷史,但若只局限於此,那只有自欺的局限性。因而世界史的設立對整體人類而言是重要的。從世界史我們多少可以理解為何中國在進入世界史的進程會比日本來得差、與來得遲…… 另人類現代化過程中,城市化是無可避免的。城市化的人類能否在城市狀態下生活、完全擺脫在地、面對面的社群支持(與限制),將是二十一世紀的核心社會問題
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