帝國的落日餘暉
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讀了半輩子的英國法律,終於在這個Easter long weekend第一次踏足英國本土。
不少香港大狀律師都是在英國讀法律的,有的中學畢業就去讀法律學士(LL.B.),有的在香港拿到LL.B.後再到英國讀法律碩士(LL.M.),老一輩的,不少還要在英國當學徒見習生,拿到大狀律師資格才「衣錦還鄉」,但九七「當家作主」以後,大部分留英的畢業後就馬上「勝利回歸」了。
我在香港讀LL.B.,美國讀LL.M.,因此對英國的印象主要都是從書本上來,還記得初初讀英國的法庭用語,覺得又老土又好笑,就好像對法官的稱呼,我們看美國的Hollywood電影,都是叫”Your Honor”的,但英國的,叫”My Lord”,十足中古時期對貴族的稱呼。
其實整個大狀行業也是中古味道十足,for example,大狀入行前要當一年的學徒,直至幾年前,英國的學徒還是半條毛薪水也沒有的,而香港的就連現在也沒有,這制度是中古時代的出品,那時候,沒有太多的正規大學教育,於是想當大狀的,跟許多其他行業一樣,大多只能靠跟師父從頭學起,那當然不可能指望有薪水了。
但今時今日,水電工學徒也有薪水了,大學畢業的大狀學徒卻沒有,你説復古不復古?
至於當了十多年大狀,打出了名堂的,就可以自我推薦一番,如果大法官們都認為你斤兩夠了,就會欽點你為Queen’s Counsel(QC),九七前香港叫QC做御用大狀,九七後叫資深大狀,這也是中古味十足的玩兒。
前幾年貝理雅(Tony Blair)當首相,他的老婆就是QC,在他推動下,英國QC的任命制度改革了,聽說比以前公開透明了一點。
說到大狀制度,其實當今還把legal profession分為大狀跟律師的,除了英國跟香港以外,沒有幾個地方了。
還有一點行外人不容易理解的是,直至幾年前,英國的終審權理論上還是在她國會的上議院(或稱貴族議院,英文House of Lords)手上,但這純粹是因為傳統而名義上是這樣而已,實際上她的終審法庭根本是獨立於議會的司法機關,不可能是什麼世襲貴族説了算,幾年前改革以後,新成立的最高法院連名義上也獨立開來了。
但時不時還是有自以為讀過一點書的「愛國愛港」天才會大大聲的說,英國民什麼主法什麼治?大法官不是也要聽貴族指揮嗎,還不是祖國好?Well, well, well,難怪英文有句諺語說:A little knowledge is a dangerous thing了.
英國的法庭用語還有很多很好玩的,就好像,在法庭上明明跟對家大狀打對台鬥個你死我活,但還是要叫他“my learned friend”,而明明要罵對家笨的,還要先説“with respect”,要罵對家白痴的,就要先說“with all due respect”,那要罵對家幾近弱智又怎麼辦?“With the greatest respect”是也。
跟美國等西方國家相比,英國當然是個十分傳統,甚至有點階級意識的社會,但他們相信一句“privilege comes with responsibility”,即是有權利就有義務,第一次跟第二次大戰之時,無數衝鋒陷陣戰死沙場的軍官,就正正是貴族子弟。
王室子弟則更為身先士卒,現任英女王的王孫Prince Harry(即Prince William的弟弟),就是陸軍軍官,曾兩次遠赴阿富汗前線服役,英女王的二仔Prince Andrew所駕駛的軍機,更在1980年代初的福克蘭戰役(Battle of Falklands)差一點給打下來。
二戰之時,納粹德國空軍瘋狂轟炸倫敦,更有隨時登陸之勢,那時的首相邱吉爾(Winston Churchill)力勸王室撤至加拿大,但王室堅持與國人同生共死。
現任女王的父王King George VI跟他的王后,不但留守倫敦白金漢宮(Buckingham Palace),更冒被空襲炸死的生命危險四出打氣慰問,時為Princess Elizabeth的現任女王,也留守倫敦,十多歲的她,沒有什麼特權之餘,更不停的在後勤服務,直至戰爭結束。
英國王室今天的人氣,實在是他們當天以死相搏的勇氣所換來的。
這跟我們某鄰近地區的權貴差太遠了,一方面特權舔盡,另方面卻貪生怕死,拚老命的把財產妻兒送到美國,這也算了,轉個頭,他們還要厚著臉皮臭罵你不愛國,英女王,真的,也沒有他們十份之一的威風了。
同樣地,梁振英跟林鄭月娥同志為了賺多個錢給自己身在英國的孩子,不惜大大方方的把你的孩子賤賣,這種人跟你說鄰近地區怎樣崛起了,西方又怎樣衰落了,這樣你也要相信的話,我只能夠跟你說:With the greatest respect, my learned friend, I really don’t know what to say.
(撰文:David Tang@法政匯思)
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