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Daily Archives: October 25, 2015
論
A: 康德的道德之形上學,是對道德作先驗的說明;康德的道德的神學是以道德為進路去說明神的存在。至於老牟所說的道德的形上學,層次與康德的道德的神學相同,只是不再是去說明神的存在,而是去對存在的一切作道德價值的說明。牽涉的問題太多,單是去了解也很囉嗦。 B: 道德的神學應是以神來保証道德、而非以道德說明神的存在。 道德的神學恰恰不是以道德說明神的存在,而是以神的存在說明道德之先驗根據,所以才有落為他律道德的批評。。。以自律道德建立道德的形上學才是以道德解釋存在(對存在作道德的解釋)。否則自律與他律的分別便不可解。道德的神學出現了人和神兩個主體,便有無法解消的緊張,道德的形上學便是要把神那一邊也攝進先驗主體(攝所歸能)。 只說明神存在抑或一切存在的分別,根本不重要,因已不是要找一個最高的存在者的問題,是要對「存在性」有所說明的問題。 A: 由神去講道德,道德便变成他律道德,便不能得道德的真義,因此康德便先去說明道德之為自律,由自律而須設定自由意志,再說靈魂不朽之設定,再說須設定神的存在去說明最高善。三設定都因人的道德或實踐理性的要求而作出。這樣大體的將思路點明,再去對照來讀便知。 道理不是很清楚嗎? 可能只是用字不同的問題。 A是用「道德的神學」去表示部分的「道德的形上學」一意。之所以部分,是因為A把「神的存在」和「一切存在」區分開? 這樣,對A而言,應該要有一個詞來表示康德所反對的「以神來說明道德」那個立場。不過,(A可能)不知這立場對應於老牟文本的用語應叫作甚麼呢? 當用「道德的神學」一詞來表示與「道德的形上學」區分開時,這分法只是「以道德說明存在,因此自律的究竟」和「以存在說明道德,因此落他律」;而A在此之外還有「僅以道德說明神的存在」和「以道德說明神及其他一切存在」之別。 但這是混淆嗎?
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