孟子從孺子將入於井論述人性本善,而另一邊厢荀子的性惡論却在耳邊纒繞着。進入二十世紀,人類的各種惡行到處彰顯;文革、奧辛威斯集中營、恐怖主義……現實上呈現出人到底是性善?性惡?牟宗三引入康德以重構儒家,那面對二十世紀至今的人類各種惡行又當如何解釋?難道性善性惡只是嘴皮內外裝得下裝不下的閑語?
康德作為人類尊嚴的最大維護者又如何解釋人類行為的種種?康德從《實踐理性批判》、《道德形上學原理》到《理性限度內的宗教》又如何論述人性中的這兩種偏向?甚至有論者認為康德對「根本惡」的論述中似乎偏向於認為人性本惡……、甚至矛盾重重。而二十世紀作為傾覆人類三大支柱之一的尼采在《道德系譜學》與《超越善惡》中又會如何看待問題?亞倫特、列維納斯等人的著作又如何面對、解釋人類的種種惡行……
Richard J. Bernstein在零二年出版的這本書“Radical Evil: A Philosophical Interrogation(根本惡)”即企圖為「根本惡」梳理出一個脈絡、並闡明人類對此肩負着不可推卸的責任。
這本書值得一讀……
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