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Daily Archives: June 25, 2017
好人難做,聖人難為
哈維(雙面人前身)對布維恩(蝙蝠俠)說:「一是成為英雄光榮地死去、一是生活下去漸漸變成壞蛋」……蝙蝠俠黑暗騎士。 英雄氣短,好人沒有好報、而且總是早死。我們經常都有這些感覺、埋怨,甚至覺得事實上如此。尤其在動盪不安的年代,好人總是容易遭逢不幸,而壞人總能獲得好處、總比好人容易生存下來。因而我們會怨天尤人,覺得好人難做。在這種、那樣的動盪艱難的年代,人亦很容易失去信念、社會亦容易步入無信仰的年代。其實事情果真如此? 事實確是如此。人的生命歷史要信守道德、做個有信義的好人確實不容易。其中充滿了各種選擇、決定。英雄、好人正正在那決定性的選擇中完成了他/她的生命週期,因而我們覺得他/她是好人、是英雄。從而令人懷念、銘記。我們會覺得他/她為我們、為社會付出了代價,彰顯了人性的光輝、踐行了崇高的價值。相反,壞人則是那些在選擇上有所“錯誤”,因而令他/她逃避了生命的厄運而能生存下來的人。英雄、好人若能繼續其生命的機遇,在往後的生活中是否又能做出「正確」的選擇而仍然被視為英雄、好人呢? 好人難做、聖人難為。 好人都在年紀輕輕就撒手人寰,這也許並不是邪惡神意的作為。若人,他/她有幸繼續生存下來,那他/她可能需要面對各種各樣的選擇、需要經歷一重一重的信任與反叛等的試鍊。在這過程中稍為有差錯,便掉落在非好人、甚至壞人之境…… 好人之作為一個好人,除了本身品格內在之善外、尚且要看看他/她是否有遭逢各種各樣的試鍊。正如佛的故事中說,人在這一刻中成佛、並不表示下一刻仍然是佛。成佛是一個過程,在恆河沙數的歷鍊中,人要經歷種種的試鍊……直至湼磐。同樣,即使是一個好人,在其人生過程中亦須面對重重考驗、選擇…… 終其一生的過程中,若有甚麼「錯誤」的決定;他/她就有機會背負惡名,而落入非好人、甚至壞人的範疇中。 一個人在成善的歷程中處處置於脆弱性之中。但正因為如此,人之作為人的價值才得以彰顯。人這種介乎神與獸之間的存在,亦正因其脆弱性而更顯其人性: 。人因有愛,當愛失落時、受脅時,即顯其因愛之善而成其脆弱處。於此為維護愛之緒而需建立教育、情緒控制之學 。人的生需要有父母兄弟朋輩等五倫,而這五倫之受威脅、危害,使人可以失乎理性而走向非善、甚至惡之路。但人亦因這五倫而顯人之價值、人的善之路。因而為減少此等衝擊,人需要設立律法以保護之,而此亦是公民社會建立的根基 。人於生命活動中,為維護、維持肉體之運作而少不了需要物質(財產)。對這些外延物之需、之執亦是人的善之路中構成善的脆弱性。因人可因對此等外延物之受不合理之奪取而顯惡。為此,人需建立政治制度、公平法制來維護彼此之間的利益 在整體上,人類若能掌握各種更精確的知識、尤其對外在世界的知識、實在可以使人免受外延條件的種種干擾,使人在成善成聖的艱辛歷程增加勝算 人的存活、向善之歷程,不單是主體內在德性之自我完善的過程;更因人是社會性的存在,此善的完成中需要有外延條件的促成。由此,人的成善、成聖實在是內外兼修之路
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 獨語一瓢酌 soliloquy
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