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Daily Archives: January 29, 2020
台灣
台灣的政治地位從一開始就充滿曲折。此島於甲午戰爭後割讓日本,二次大戰期間同盟國承諾蔣介石,日本戰敗後台灣會還給中國。隨著國共內戰轉為不利於國民黨,美國的決策者重新評估是否繼續支持蔣介石,於是「台灣託管論」開始盛行。之後冷戰對立和擔心台灣落入共黨之手,又使華府調整其政策。但美國對以台灣為最後根據地的中華民國的支持,仍然模稜兩可。台灣這個雖未享有完整主權但實質上存在的國家,得奮力在國際舞台上爭得一席之地。從1945年到1954年這短短十年裡,台灣從日本的一塊殖民地,成為戰後中國的一個省,再從中國邊陲島嶼,轉變為幾乎潰亡的中華民國最後一塊領土根據地,以及國民黨政府最後的權力據點,台灣成為中華民國反共中樞的歷史過程,是意外、偶然、極富戲劇性與不確定性。1943年的開羅會議上,當中、美、英同盟國三巨頭共同討論台灣與澎湖的前途時,沒有人能夠預見,短短十餘年內,台灣會有如此劇烈的演變。在此過程中,美國的角色,上自政府組織下至許許多多個別人士,其政策規劃與制定、諸多大膽的假設與曾經被束之高閣的建言、對國共內戰「錯誤」的局勢推論,其許多的作為與不作為,都對台灣的政治前途,帶來深遠影響,也對形塑「中華民國在台灣」的關鍵時刻,扮演了重要角色。這個1949年以後與由中國共產黨統治的中國大陸不相統屬的中華民國在台灣的形塑,其過程蘊含著許多機緣巧合,與國民黨政府營內部的政治傾軋,國共內戰,以及與冷戰開始後國際強權在東亞地區的地緣戰略與決策,都有著密不可分的關連。進入二十一世紀,兩岸關係的起伏,已成為影響東亞地區國際政治格局的重要因素之一,從民進黨首次執政所造成兩岸關係的低潮,到國民黨重新執政期間兩岸關係快速發展,再到民進黨二度執政所帶來雙方未來關係的不確定,面對世局,今日我們重新探索半個多世紀以前,兩岸隔海分立的格局如何產生,中華民國如何在台灣島形塑,以及美國在此一歷史過程中如何扮演其角色,可謂正逢其時,將有助於思考並回答這些重要議題。
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 混沌一瓢酌 chaos
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