在這本革命性的跨學科研究的作品中,作者Michael J. Call認為,莫奈的藝術實踐和選擇是他作為19世紀自由作家的政治立場的直接結果,這一立場的特點是激進的共和主義,進步的社會議程和激烈的反對派主義。他努力創造出反映他的個人政治守則的風格,導致他產生了志同道合的自由思想家稱之為“一門不斷完善的科學”的畫作(Gustave Geffroy),也就是說,他只強調在眼前的可觀察現像中通過謹慎,堅持現場觀察,捕獲感覺和感覺體驗的原始數據,並聲稱記錄了一個沒有內在含義的世界。達爾文的世界同樣沒有預先包裝的保證人類享有特權的位置的保證;取而代之的是一個空間,在這裡,所有種類的生物和物種都在為生存而鬥爭,爭奪有限的資源。幾十年來,隨著達爾文主義風格的發展,他的自然模式似乎越來越影響著莫奈的藝術創作。與後文藝復興藝術(post-Renaissance art 無論是代表人物還是觀看行為)都優先考慮人類的存在,莫奈的後來繪畫在所有可觀察到的現象之間創造了虛擬和視覺上的平等感。因此,人類和觀察者不僅表現為與自然分離的觀察者,也不與自然分離,也不比人類優越,而是與周圍的所有其他有機生命形式等同。這種方法在呼應達爾文對自然及其規律的欽佩之餘,也使人類想起了自己的脆弱性以及為避免滅絕必須做出的艱難選擇。
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