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Daily Archives: January 13, 2021
億萬富豪的霸權
08年雷曼事件所引的一連串世界性金融風暴揭示了資本主義另一不為人知的一面。有人説:這是資本主義的崩壞。但我却並不以為然,因為隨著事件的發生而引起的佔領華爾街事件(2011年9月17日-2011年11月15日)揭露了資本主義社會發展的一個極致:那1%的世界億萬富豪掌控着世界的財富與資源。他們跨越國界、超然於任何一個國家之上。他們才是真正主宰這個世界的人。 第四類想推介的社會學類書就是Hans Jurgen Krysmanski的“0, 1 % Das Imperium der Milliardare《億萬富豪的霸權 》。這本書正正講述着這世界上的一羣超級富豪,其財富如此龐大、分布廣闊、藏匿精巧,對他們而言,買下美國總統的價碼可能比一艘高規格的豪華遊艇便宜;為了避稅可以毫不猶豫捨棄國籍,因為搭乘私人飛機今天紐約明天巴黎是如此容易;我們以為自己對有錢人的生活略知一二,讀了這本書,才知道科幻小說中的故事都是真的。 這一小撮金字塔頂端0.1%的超級富豪,以各種(多半極度私密不為人知的)方式控制著整個世界:他們握有多數頂尖私立大學,大半的健康醫療機構,最重要的報紙、電視、影業集團。「買下」科學顧問、藝術與文化策略家、政治人物,對他們來說一點也不麻煩,需要的話,擁有一支私人軍隊也可以……換言之,超級財富擁有的不只是財富,龐大的金錢更催生了一個「完全不受羈絆,且無所不能」的社會階層。 超級富豪為了鞏固資產,無所不用其極,彼此串聯成一整個龐大到無可動搖的金權網絡,在公共政策上沆瀸一氣……從歐洲、美洲,甚至到我們所處的亞洲,都能見到他們的布局。更弔詭的是,所謂的社會中間階層(或許就是你我),所謂的「菁英」,正可能就是為這金錢權力提供協助,互相依賴的人。 未來學家Paul Saffo曾經預言,有鑑於生物科技的快速進步,很快人類就可以靠自體製造的替代器官、人工四肢延長生命,這種進步將只有超級富豪能夠負擔得起,那是否指向一種未來:經濟學上的階級,也可能演變成生物學上的階級? 本書作者為德國著名社會學教授,憑著嚴謹的學術研究,揭露這些從來沒人敢研究的「超級富豪」,精闢且嘲諷地剖析超級富豪的吸金祕訣與誇張的生活模式。他以這本書帶領我們思考:這樣的超級階級存在,對現代社會、民主政治,乃至一般人的生活,有怎樣的影響?社會流動、階級正義,是不是其實都是一場夢? 這是一場無人能置身事外的階級鬥爭與衝突。
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