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Daily Archives: July 13, 2021
The White Road
簡單的白瓷,堪稱是促成東西方交流的最重要文物。1291年,馬可波羅帶回來自中國的第一件瓷瓶,從此掀起西方對白瓷的渴望與痴狂。艾德蒙.德瓦爾結合旅遊、回憶與史料的豐富之旅,引人入勝。 「對白色的迷戀,可能是一件危險的事。」 「我讀過《白鯨記》,所以我知道白色的危險,我想我也瞭解沈迷於白色的危險是什麼,就是被純淨所吸引拉扯過去。在它所構築的虛擬實境中,整個人被轉型和改變,你覺得你獲得了新生。」 一趟追索白瓷源頭的旅程,一個走訪瓷器串聯起近代東西交流路程的朝聖之旅。暢銷史學作家、國際知名的陶瓷藝術家艾德蒙•德瓦爾(Edmund de Waal), 繼《琥珀眼睛的兔子》之後又一力作,用半生的期待與準備,皓首窮經,18個月的時間,踏上白瓷的尋根與朝聖之旅。 他深入走訪了白瓷源頭的三地:中國景德鎮、德國德勒斯登、英國普利茅斯,檢視了景德鎮由盛至衰的過程,也補充了納粹德國時期,一段史書從未提及的殘酷白瓷史。發現,白瓷不僅是串連東西方交流歷史的最具代表性文物,也是一種堪令無數人以身殉職的危險迷戀。 1291年馬可孛羅將第一件瓷器從中國帶回遙遠的威尼斯,這是進入歐洲的第一件瓷器。從此全歐洲的王侯貴族,全都瘋狂地愛上了來自東方的CHINA, 並以超過金子的高價進口。 在這之前,歐洲能做出陶器與軟瓷,卻從未曾見過如此晶瑩堅硬又輕巧的硬瓷。 軟瓷一刮,上面的釉彩就掉了,硬瓷則不然。白瓷的主要原料是兩種:瓷土與高嶺土,看似單純,但四百年來歐洲皆無法破解,硬瓷的燒製配方成為中國的不傳之秘,以致來自中國的白瓷有如黃金般貴重。 十六、七世紀,天主教耶穌會士紛紛來到中國,以傳教之名進入康熙宮廷,或長住到景德鎮,當起商業間諜,以便近身觀察書寫陶瓷的製程,寫成書信報告,在歐洲出版。除了研究瓷器,也研究中國這個神秘、強大、富庶又美麗的國家的一切。整個歐洲陷入對中國風的狂熱,眾多王侯不惜萬金,迢迢買來精美China,蓋出瓷宮,進而渴望白瓷秘方,找尋頂尖煉金師,投入官窯一再嘗試淬煉……。 十八世紀初,1708年,歐洲第一件白瓷,終於在德國薩克森王奧古斯特二世的實驗室中,被成功地燒製出來。秘方被盜,流傳出去。 半世紀之後,英國商人,也靠研發精神,成功破解了硬瓷秘方。英國的Wedgwood,德國的Meissen成為御用精品,歷久不衰且愈發精美貴重。數十年後,景德鎮卻成了英國瓷器的代工廠。 1966年文革開始,景德鎮成了「破四舊」的對象。除了生產毛像、革命相關的主題,舊有的藝術創作和非關實用的設計都成了禁忌。中國數千年來,瓷器作為一項藝術精品,早就達到了巔峰造極的成就,卻在這百年之中迅速地衰退。 德瓦爾以溫柔又人道的眼光,委婉地走訪出一個個真實、動人、豐富的故事。24萬字的篇幅,無數典籍的旁徵博引,也完整地寫出了瓷器史的迷人面貌。無論是否對瓷器有所認識,接觸此書後都將深受此書的吸引。 瓷器是心頭好之一,但也往往衹能是心頭好。BTW,日本大板有瓷器博物館及街頭瓷器墟市
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