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Daily Archives: March 5, 2022
The World We Want: How and Why The Ideals of the Enlightenment Still Elude Us
Kant在“What is Enlightenment 《啟蒙是什麼?》”一文中把啟蒙分析為脱離「自身所導致的不成熟狀態」,這是一種不經別人的引導就無法自己進行思維和判斷的狀態:「不成熟狀態讓人感到如此的安逸!如果我有一本書可以替我來進行理解,有一位精導師替我來具有良知,有一位醫生替我來規定飲食等等,我就什麼也不必操心了。」(Kant’s Political Writings,Cambridge UP) 但對於孤立的個人而言,脫離所有的不成熟狀態,即便說不是不可能的,但也是一項非常困難的計劃…… “The World We Want: How and Why the Ideals of the Enlightenment Still Elude Us”一書將啟蒙時代的知識分子所希望的未來世界與我們現在的世界進行比較。 這兩個世界在哪些方面不同,為什麼它們如此不同?我們的世界在多大程度上是和不是他們想要的世界,我們今天在多大程度上仍然想要他們的世界? 本書與以往對啟蒙運動的哲學批判和辯護不同,本書首先廣泛關注相關的歷史和經驗記錄,仔細研究啟蒙時代知識分子究竟希望什麼樣的未來;其次,通過追踪過去兩個世紀他們的中心理想的不同遺產來觀照現代世界。 本書除了記錄啟蒙理想與當前現實之間仍然存在的重大差距之外,作者還試圖說明為什麼啟蒙理想仍然遠離我們 關於這些理想的適當性,我們自己的經驗告訴我們什麼?哪些啟蒙理想不符合人性?為什麼對這些理想的有意義的支持,特別是在美國,目前如此薄弱?啟蒙時代知識分子所提倡的實現理想的手段有哪些是無效的?當人們試圖實現它們時,他們的哪些理想變成了扭曲的自己? 兩個多世紀後,我們如何以及為什麼仍然未能實現最重要的啟蒙理想?簡而言之,在這些理想中什麼是死的,什麼是活著的?
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
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