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Daily Archives: April 28, 2022
Minimizing Marriage: Marriage, Morality, and the Law
婚姻是社會構成的其中一種關係。不同社會中,婚姻都具有不同的特殊意義。即使在世俗和民間環境中,婚姻也保留著聖禮的內涵。然而它有什麼道德意義呢?在這本“Minimizing Marriage: Marriage, Morality, and the Law”書中,Elizabeth Brake考察了它在道德上的顯著特徵——承諾、承諾、關懷和契約——並取得了令人驚訝的結果。 在第一部分“婚姻道德淪喪“De-Moralizing Marriage”中,Brake探討本關於承諾和承諾中認為,我們不能承諾愛,因此婚禮誓言(大部分)是失敗的承諾,婚姻可能是一個糟糕的承諾策略。 這本書與最有影響力的關於婚姻道德價值的哲學論述相抗衡,認為婚姻沒有內在的道德意義。此外,賦予婚姻的特殊價值維持了自由歧視——對非愛情或非排他性關懷關係的歧視,如友誼、成人關懷網絡、多角群體或城市部落。 Brake在討論中對道德哲學家的獨立利益提出質疑,例如,人際道德義務的可能性和界限以及承諾的性質。 第二部分“婚姻民主化Democratizing Marriage”的核心論點是,當承認同性婚姻的自由理由,也需要同時承認群體、多角戀者、一夫多妻者、朋友、城市部落和成人護理網絡的自由理由。 政治自由主義要求廢除一夫一妻制的婚姻。在公共理性的約束下,自由國家必須避免將法律僅僅建立在道德或宗教教義之上;但只有這樣的學說才能為將婚姻限制為男女夫妻或浪漫愛情二人組提供理由。 因此,應盡量減少對婚姻的限制。 但公共理性可以為最低限度的婚姻提供強有力的理由:照顧和社會對照顧的支持是基本正義的問題。Brake還回應了財產分割對離婚、一夫多妻制和支持養育子女帶來的挑戰,並建立在從女性主義、酷兒理論和種族理論中對婚姻的批判之上。 本書以最低限度的婚姻為例,論證了自由主義和女性主義的相容性。
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
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