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Daily Archives: May 24, 2022
Manias, Panics and Crashes
“Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises”是對貨幣和信貸管理不善導致幾個世紀以來金融爆炸的方式的學術和有趣的描述。這本書涵蓋了危機的歷史和剖析、投機狂熱和最後貸款人等主題,被譽為“真正的經典……既及時又永恆。 ”在這個新的、更新的第五版中Kindleberger 和 Aliber 擴展了上一版中提出的觀點,講述了幾個世紀以來貨幣和信貸管理不善導致金融爆炸的方式。這本書涵蓋了危機的歷史和剖析、投機狂熱和最後貸款人等主題,對金融世界的動盪進行了透視。包括關於 1980 年代末在挪威、瑞典和芬蘭發生的房地產價格泡沫的兩個新章節,以及三個1985 年至 2000 年間在日本和其他亞洲國家發生的資產價格泡沫。更新後的第五版對每一章進行了擴展,包括兩個新章節,重點關注過去十五年的重大金融危機。 本書被英國《金融時報》選為有史以來最好的投資書籍之一,“Manias, Panics and Crashes”對金融世界的動盪進行了透視。
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Modern Money Theory: A Primer on Macroeconomics for Sovereign Monetary Systems
張維為說要用盧布打敗美元。很多人,尤其是擁護中國的人都說要人民幣國際化。同時,中國實施人民幣電子化也被視為國際化的一個舉措(但此舉個人認為是為了管控更多於其他)。 另外亦有人認為美國量化寬鬆政策(印幣)是不道德。但他們却不知道中國也有量化寬鬆。那貨幣對於我們具有甚麼意義?對於國家又代表甚麼?對於全球經濟又有甚麼作用? 同時為甚麼會有經濟危機,傳統經濟學在過去對全球金融危機提供了甚麼方案?當面對當前世界經濟困局,我們還能相信它嗎?現代貨幣理論又如何可以幫我們如何掌握未來全球經濟的全新思維模式? 回答這些問題我們需要理解“貨幣是什麼”,這將更有助於我們理解世界經濟發展。但一般經濟理論又似乎對我們來說過於深奧。“Modern Money Theory: A Primer on Macroeconomics for Sovereign Monetary Systems”(MMT)一書不需經濟學研究背景,避免術語和公式,非本科生讀者亦能輕鬆閱讀 MMT打破你對經濟的迷思。貨幣並不是交易的媒介,它是國家用來收稅的工具。政府不是家庭,財政不需要追求收支平衡,赤字並非全然是壞事。政府舉債不只適用於美國,也適用於許多發展中的國家 MMT挑戰傳統經濟學直接探究貨幣的本質,以新穎的視角解讀總體經濟學,揭示貨幣如何在現代經濟體中「運作」。並根據現代貨幣理論的主要原則,闡釋發達國家與發展中國家的總體會計、貨幣與財政政策、貨幣制度和匯率等問題。 MMT從異端學說到邁向主流過去被視為異端的現代貨幣理論,近年來卻漸漸獲得矚目,原因在於過去的經濟學,不僅無法阻止2008年全球金融危機的發生,面對之後的世界經濟困局也束手無策。而現代貨幣理論卻從「貨幣的本質」這樣的基本理論,解釋了全球金融危機,並在之後準確地預測歐元危機。 早在1990年代中期,日本即成為實踐現代貨幣理論的先行國家,政府大量發行貨幣,保障了基本社會福利與基礎設施更新,卻沒有如傳統經濟學所預測的引發惡性通貨膨脹。2021年,美國總統拜登同意的1兆美元新基礎建設計畫,背後即是以現代貨幣理論為基礎。 MMT世界經濟危機的最好解方本書針對過去現代貨幣理論遭受的諸多抨擊和疑慮,以最簡明的方式從各層面闡述,並以世界各國的操作案例,真實呈現現代貨幣理論的落實現況。 現代貨幣理論曾經正確預測歐元危機,本書將進一步針對過去世人對貨幣性質的誤解,因而引發全球金融危機進行分析,並就世界各國政策制定者如何解決本國經濟疲軟問題提出了全新的觀點。 每一場改變時代的經濟危機,都會帶來經濟學理論的革命性發展,MMT,正是指引未來解決問題的最佳解方
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