Archives
- January 2025 (3)
- December 2024 (5)
- November 2024 (4)
- October 2024 (5)
- September 2024 (6)
- August 2024 (5)
- July 2024 (6)
- June 2024 (6)
- May 2024 (9)
- April 2024 (8)
- March 2024 (9)
- February 2024 (6)
- January 2024 (6)
- December 2023 (2)
- November 2023 (5)
- October 2023 (11)
- September 2023 (13)
- August 2023 (13)
- July 2023 (19)
- June 2023 (19)
- May 2023 (20)
- April 2023 (22)
- March 2023 (23)
- February 2023 (22)
- January 2023 (28)
- December 2022 (25)
- November 2022 (18)
- October 2022 (22)
- September 2022 (26)
- August 2022 (30)
- July 2022 (33)
- June 2022 (22)
- May 2022 (30)
- April 2022 (28)
- March 2022 (29)
- February 2022 (15)
- January 2022 (4)
- December 2021 (4)
- November 2021 (1)
- October 2021 (2)
- September 2021 (2)
- August 2021 (6)
- July 2021 (9)
- May 2021 (8)
- April 2021 (15)
- March 2021 (7)
- January 2021 (5)
- October 2020 (5)
- September 2020 (10)
- August 2020 (1)
- July 2020 (2)
- June 2020 (3)
- April 2020 (1)
- March 2020 (1)
- February 2020 (1)
- January 2020 (4)
- December 2019 (1)
- August 2019 (1)
- October 2018 (2)
- September 2018 (3)
- August 2018 (2)
- July 2018 (1)
- April 2018 (1)
- March 2018 (2)
- February 2018 (1)
- December 2017 (3)
- November 2017 (1)
- October 2017 (3)
- September 2017 (2)
- August 2017 (6)
- June 2017 (1)
- May 2017 (3)
- April 2017 (2)
- March 2017 (6)
- February 2017 (8)
- January 2017 (5)
- December 2016 (7)
- November 2016 (7)
- October 2016 (2)
- September 2016 (5)
- August 2016 (4)
- July 2016 (2)
- June 2016 (22)
- May 2016 (17)
- April 2016 (13)
- March 2016 (13)
- February 2016 (16)
- January 2016 (13)
- December 2015 (27)
- November 2015 (42)
- October 2015 (40)
- September 2015 (49)
- August 2015 (43)
- July 2015 (28)
- June 2015 (38)
- May 2015 (46)
- April 2015 (67)
- March 2015 (49)
- February 2015 (28)
- January 2015 (20)
- December 2014 (23)
- November 2014 (18)
- October 2014 (20)
- September 2014 (30)
- August 2014 (28)
- July 2014 (24)
- June 2014 (25)
- May 2014 (12)
- April 2014 (8)
- March 2014 (13)
- February 2014 (5)
- January 2014 (2)
- December 2013 (7)
- November 2013 (11)
- October 2013 (25)
- September 2013 (30)
- August 2013 (34)
- July 2013 (33)
- June 2013 (46)
- May 2013 (47)
- April 2013 (4)
- March 2013 (3)
- March 2011 (1)
- December 2008 (1)
- November 2008 (1)
- July 2008 (3)
- April 2008 (3)
- February 2008 (1)
- December 2007 (3)
- November 2007 (2)
- October 2007 (5)
- September 2007 (3)
- August 2007 (3)
- July 2007 (2)
- June 2007 (1)
- May 2007 (2)
- April 2007 (4)
- March 2007 (23)
- February 2007 (4)
- January 2007 (6)
- December 2006 (2)
- October 2006 (1)
- June 2006 (1)
- April 2005 (1)
- July 2003 (1)
- April 2003 (1)
- April 2002 (1)
- February 2001 (1)
- November 2000 (1)
- April 2000 (1)
- October 1999 (1)
- September 1999 (2)
- June 1999 (1)
- May 1999 (3)
- March 1999 (1)
- October 1998 (1)
- August 1998 (1)
- July 1998 (2)
- May 1998 (4)
- April 1998 (4)
- February 1998 (1)
- December 1997 (2)
- November 1997 (1)
- October 1997 (2)
- September 1997 (2)
- July 1997 (4)
- June 1997 (2)
- May 1997 (1)
- April 1997 (1)
- March 1997 (1)
- December 1996 (1)
- May 1996 (1)
Categories
- 念一瓢酌 Memory (28)
- 思一瓢酌 Thinking (1,003)
- 混沌一瓢酌 chaos (284)
- 獨語一瓢酌 soliloquy (441)
- 生一瓢酌 Life (223)
- 讀一瓢酌 Read (1,014)
- 遊一瓢酌 Traveling (47)
- 饒舌一瓢酌 Rapping (244)
Meta
Author Said Something
Daily Archives: July 5, 2022
The Knowledge Machine: How Irrationality Created Modern Science
哲學是種第二層序(second order )的思考。當我們對國家存在的可能等進行思考時,則產生了政治哲學。當我們對科學/科學活動的種種進行思考時,則產生了科學哲學。。。。科學/科學活動雖講求實証、邏輯等理性的運用,但作為人類活動的產物不竟也脫不了人類情感的種種。 科學哲學史上有Paul Feyerabend認為科學應該成為一種無政府狀態的企業,而不是一種經濟(習慣)的企業;在他的“Against Method”(1975)中,“無政府狀態”一詞是指認識論的無政府狀態,它不屬於單一的規定性科學方法,理由是任何這種方法會限制科學進步。科學發展從此可以更廣闊自由 karl popper的“The Logic of Scientific Discovery”(1934)引入的科學理論和假設的評估標準。 他提出它作為解決歸納和劃界問題的基石。 如果一個理論或假設可以被現有技術的實證檢驗在邏輯上抵觸,那麼它就是可証偽的(或可反駁的),為此而將科學帶入一個新的領地 Thomas Kuhn的“The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”(1962)挑戰了當時盛行的科學進步觀,將科學進步視為公認事實和理論的「積累發展」。kuhn主張一種情節模型,其中存在累積進步的概念連續性時期,稱之為「常規科學」時期,被革命性科學時期打斷。。。 至今Michael Strevens的“The Knowledge Machine: How Irrationality Created Modern Science‘’(2020)則被視為是過去幾十年關於最重要的科學事業的最具啟發性的書。(Rebecca Newberger Goldstein)。作為範式轉換的作品,‘’The Knowledge Machine‘’徹底改變了我們對科學起源和結構的理解。 • 為什麼科學如此強大? • 為什麼在哲學和數學發明後的兩千多年之後,人類才開始使用科學來了解宇宙的秘密? 在一部融合科學、哲學和歷史的開創性著作中,著名的科學哲學家Strevens嘗試回答了這些具有挑戰性的問題,展示了科學是如何在思想家偶然發現可以通過打破邏輯論證規則來實現科學突破的驚人想法時產生的. 本書與上述經典作品一樣,探討了科學的意義和起源,用大量生動的歷史例子來證明科學家故意忽視宗教、理論之美,甚至哲學都接受了一種狹窄的論證代碼,其非常狹窄的範圍將前所未有的能量引導到經驗觀察和實驗中。 Strevens … Continue reading
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
Leave a comment