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Daily Archives: July 30, 2022
Stoicism and Emotion
近年斯多葛哲學受人注意不是沒有原因的。(例如william b. irvine的“A Guide to the Good Life : The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy”) 從表面上看,堅忍和情感似乎是矛盾的術語。然而,古希臘和羅馬的斯多葛派哲學家對情緒非常感興趣,他們將情緒理解為對我們認為在周圍環境中有價值的東西的複雜判斷。 “Stoicism and Emotion” 表明,他們並沒有像今天的英語中所暗示的那樣簡單地提倡全面壓制感情,而是對這些強大的心理反應進行了深入的研究,試圖了解對他們的態度表達了最深切的尊重為了人類的潛力。在這部優雅而清晰的作品中,Margaret R. Graver對斯多葛派的立場進行了令人信服的新詮釋。 她借鑒大量古代資料,認為斯多葛倫理學的主要要求不是我們應該壓製或否認我們的感受,而是我們應該完善每個人核心的理性思維。斯多葛派認為,就像我們所有的判斷一樣,我們的情感反應可以是對的或錯的,也可能是對的或錯的,我們必須為它們承擔責任。 在不掩飾困難的情況下,Graver還展示了斯多葛派如何處理那些似乎給他們的理論帶來問題的問題:情感反應的生理基礎、被情緒帶走的現象、不由自主的感覺的發生和無序的情緒。精神疾病的行為。最終揭示了斯多葛哲學的深層動機,斯多葛主義和情感揭示了它在古代世界廣泛吸引力的來源,並闡明了它與我們自己的驚人相關性。 附件1a 我們許多人面臨的最大恐懼之一是,儘管我們付出了所有努力和努力,但最終我們會發現我們浪費了自己的生命。在” A Guide to the Good Life: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy“中,William B. Irvine探究了斯多葛哲學的智慧,這是古羅馬最流行和最成功的思想流派之一,並展示了它的洞察力和建議如何仍然非常適用於現代生活。 … Continue reading
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The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind
我們的頭腦一直在工作,但我們很少停下來思考它們是如何工作的。人工智能和計算機科學領域的領軍人物Marvin Minsky說,人類的思維方式有很多種。我們在不同的情況下使用這些不同的思維方式,其中一些甚至與思維無關。例如,根據Minsky的說法,情緒、直覺和感覺只是其他形式的思維。 在他開創性的作品“The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind”中,Minsky展示了為什麼我們應該擴展我們關於思考的想法以及思考本身在未來可能會如何變化,為我們的思維工作方式提供了一個引人入勝的新模型。他有說服力地論證說,情緒、直覺和感覺不是不同的事物,而是不同的思維方式。 “The Emotion Machine”解釋了我們的思維活動是如何工作的,它們是如何從簡單的思考更複雜的形式,使我們能夠反思自己——大多數人稱之為意識或自我意識,通過檢查這些不同形式的思維活動,我們可以解釋為什麼我們的思維有時會採取仔細推理分析的形式,而有時會轉向情感。Minsky展示了我們的思想如何從簡單的、本能的思想發展到更複雜的形式,例如意識或自我意識。他認為,由於我們傾向於將自己的思維視為支離破碎的,因此我們無法欣賞我們真正的強大思想家。的確,Minsky說,如果思考可以被理解為一個循序漸進的過程,那麼我們就可以製造機器——人工智能——它不僅可以通過像我們一樣思考來幫助我們思考,而且還具有潛力像我們一樣有意識。 與其他廣義的心智理論不同,本書採用詳細而具體的例子,循序漸進地進行。它表明思考——甚至更高層次的思考——可以分解為一系列具體的行動。從情緒狀態到目標和依戀,再到自我意識和意識,我們可以理解思維過程的複雜性。一旦我們理解了思考,我們就可以建造機器——人工智能——來幫助我們思考,這些機器可以遵循我們所遵循的相同思維模式,並且可以像我們一樣思考。這些類人思維機器也將是情感機器——就像我們一樣。 這是一本精彩的書,它挑戰了許多關於思考和心靈的想法。它與原創一樣富有洞察力和挑釁性,是一生思考的成果。
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