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Daily Archives: October 8, 2022
Elemental Difference and the Climate of the Body
極端天氣的來臨己是不爭的事實。媒體報導:阿爾卑斯山白色崇偉的山峯將會慢慢消失。瑞士的冰川也已經融化了六米厚度,德國原有的冰川數量也減少了。事實上今年歐洲就面對了酷熱的天氣,中國也頻繁地出現天氣異常。面對極端氣候變化有各種的理論與説法,Emily Anne Parker就提出一套城邦哲學理論 在 19 世紀的歐洲,人體之間的差異被認為是科學分類的問題。在科學接受的高度,種族、性別、診斷或貧困是發明的,這是不可想像的。然而,今天,人體之間的差異被理解為社會建構的問題。社會建構哲學將人類之間的差異理解為人類強加的問題。社會建構主義理解人類差異起源的方法是如此完善,以至於目前沒有可行的替代方案,即使在新唯物主義者、社會建構主義最熱心的批評者中也是如此。 這本”Elemental Difference and the Climate of the Body“書認為,新唯物主義者和社會建構主義者在政治和生態之間有著共同的區別。Emily Anne Parker將她的論點集中在城邦the polis的哲學概念上,根據該概念,存在一種完整的人類形態。城邦是一種完整的人類形態的哲學概念,它應該為政治和生態危機負責。城邦作為一種哲學傳統與當前氣候變化的複雜形態相同。某個完美的身體代表了城邦對物質的否定。正是這種形式導致了我們當前的政治和生態危機。政治等級制度和生態危機通常被認為是兩個不同的問題:例如,許多人談到平行問題、氣候變化和種族不公。 但Parker認為,這些不是平行的危機,而是一個問題:城邦the polis。城邦哲學主張有一個完整的人體,而這個人體是用來管理所有其他事物的。從這個意義上說,不是兩個危機,而是一個問題: 一種元素差異的哲學,一種對人類參與其中的位置、運動、生活、衰老、死亡、價值的奇異性的肯定。城邦中的元素差異可以通過以下事實來理解:經驗的身體非同一性可以被用來提升一組身體在其他身體中的地位。經驗的身體非同一性是Aristotle著作中將城邦作為哲學概念的原始表述的一個特徵,了解這種城邦傳統限制現在的方式。城邦中的元素差異體現在“經驗的身體非同一性”,一個Aristotle的概念,可以被用來提升一組身體。Parker從Sylvia Wynter出發,她認為經驗性身體非同一性的概念始於現代種族解剖學,或者Wynter所謂的生物中心主義。 Parker認為生物中心主義是城邦的一個特徵,根據該特徵,一個完整的身體是由其無實體思想的能力來定義的。種族解剖學是對生物中心主義更明確的承諾,但是對於一個完整的人類,一個超自然思維的身體,對物質的排名是一種一直是城邦特徵的做法。通過這種方式,城邦負責政治和生態等級制度。它對委婉地說的氣候變化負有責任,也對構成氣候變化的政治等級負有責任。 這種做法一直是城邦的特點。通過這種方式,城邦負責政治和生態等級制度。它對委婉地說的氣候變化負有責任,也對構成氣候變化的政治等級負有責任。 元素差異和身體氣候最終將社會建構主義和新唯物主義的見解聯繫起來,創造了一種元素差異哲學。差異,而不是需要基於其社會建構而被摒棄或根據城邦的等級制度而具體化,對於解決當代城邦危機至關重要。
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