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Daily Archives: October 11, 2022
Think Again :How to Reason and Argue
從知名人物龍應台的“戰爭罪人論”到神奇國度的美國衰退大外宣論,我們都可見當中充斥着理性的謬論 事實上,我們的個人和政治世界充斥著爭論和分歧,其中一些是瑣碎的和刻薄的。今天,從拒絕談判的國家到迎合其基礎的政客,無法妥協和理解反對派是一種流行病。社交媒體產生了一個極端立場占主導地位的惡性世界。對對方妖魔化多,進展甚微,最終結果是立場進一步擴大。 這是怎麼發生的,可以做些什麼來解決它?Walter Sinnott-Armstrong說,有這樣一個“好”的論點:合理的論點可以創造更多的相互理解和尊重,即使雙方都不相信對方,妥協仍然是可能的。 再想一想展示了好的論點的重要性並揭示了常見的誤解。 Sinnott-Armstrong 認為論證不是說服他人或在智力競賽中擊敗他人的手段,而是將論證視為與他人進行建設性互動的重要工具。在展示了好的論點的失敗如何導致我們陷入社會當前的困境之後,他向讀者展示了什麼是好的論點。 在“Think Again :How to Reason and Argue”一書中Sinnott-Armstrong以清晰、生動、實用的散文以及來自政治、流行文化和日常生活的大量例子解釋了論證的定義,確定了好的論證的組成部分以及要避免的謬誤,並展示了什麼是好的論證可以實現。有了這些工具,讀者將能夠發現錯誤的推理和錯誤的論點,並以有力而合乎邏輯的方式提出自己的觀點。這些技能甚至可以幫助修復我們破爛的公民文化。
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
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