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Daily Archives: October 15, 2022
Zealot:the life and times of Jesus of Nazareth
香港前主教陳日君被控以犯國安法,而另一邊他的上司羅馬天主教教宗方濟各(拉丁語:Franciscus;意大利語:Francesco;西班牙語:Francisco;1936年12月17日-)却又急於與神奇國度建立正常關係。那到底是非對錯在何方? 教宗的上司/主人耶穌即使歷史上真的存在,他同樣也犯了羅馬的‘’國安法‘’而被控以反革命罪並被釘死於十字架上。本書“Zealot:the life and times of Jesus of Nazareth”就試圖考察歷史上耶穌的真實面貌,也就是被基督教神化「之前」的耶穌。藉由羅馬帝國的文獻以及各種歷史考證,佐以聖經的描述,作者顛覆了傳統對於耶穌的許多詮釋。 根據作者考證,耶穌出生在貧窮的小鎮拿撒勒,家族多半從事木工與建築工,屬於底層階級,地位只比乞丐、奴隸高一點。他沒受過多少教育,目不識丁,可能是私生子。在拿撒勒,木工根本沒有工作可做,身為木匠的耶穌必須到城市工作。 年輕的耶穌從農村來到城市,他目睹巨大的城鄉差距。富有的城市公共設施周全、交通四通八達,而拿撒勒連一條道路都沒有。他也感受到巨富與赤貧。白天他為富有的猶太貴族蓋豪宅,晚上自己住的卻是破落的小屋。 農村的人不是跑到城市為富人做牛做馬,就是在農村辛苦耕種,供應糧食給城市的人。而住在耶路撒冷聖殿的大祭司,卻過著極盡奢華的生活,勾結富商和官吏,壓迫底層猶太人,對他們課徵重稅,兼併他們的土地,使窮人陷入徹底的絕望,強盜與叛亂活動四起。 在迦南地區成為革命溫床的同時,有個名叫施洗者約翰的人在約旦河邊,一邊洗除人們的罪惡,一邊宣揚革命的理念。許多對羅馬帝國不滿的群眾慕名前來,耶穌也是其中之一。他接受約翰的教導,並在約翰死後成為他的繼承者。 耶穌回到家鄉,準備傳播上帝國度的到來與末日將近的訊息。他的鄰人不歡迎他,擔憂耶穌的激進主張會讓他們不得安寧。他的家人勸他當個安分的木工,但耶穌拒絕了。 耶穌批評權貴,挑戰既得利益者。他像個社運分子,衝進了象徵權力的堡壘:耶路撒冷聖殿。他堵住聖殿入口、打翻桌椅、趕走攤販,大肆批評時政。 耶穌宣稱在不久的未來,猶太人將擁有屬於自己的國度,既有的秩序將會反轉,富人與有權力的人將會變成窮人與無權力的人。他明知自己的言行將難逃一死,還是四處宣揚理念,直到羅馬人逮捕他,以煽動叛亂的罪名處死他。 耶穌死後,反抗羅馬的行動並未消減,一個革命家被處死,就有另一個革命家興起。加上羅馬派來的總督都是一些無能之輩,只忙著鞏固權力,不僅不理會民眾的不滿,還以殘酷的血腥鎮壓試圖嚇阻,最後民怨累積到極限,終於爆發全面性的革命。 西元六十六年的這場猶太革命十分慘烈,在耶路撒冷,羅馬軍隊殘暴地姦殺擄掠所有人,不管男女老幼,不論貧富,不論效忠羅馬或反抗羅馬,逢人便殺,甚至阻斷水源與糧源,讓人們活活餓死。 屠殺造成猶太人巨大的陰影,導致後世追隨者在宣揚耶穌事蹟時,因為害怕羅馬統治者報復,刻意降低耶穌的政治性與革命色彩,只強調神性與和平的一面。耶穌從此由帶領革命的猶太民族主義者,變成宣揚和平而不關心世俗的精神領袖。 透過本書,不僅可以瞭解耶穌的另一面,也理解一個國家如何導致人民的反抗。而這樣的歷史至今在世界各地仍不斷上演著。因為強權實在重復出現,而可惜的是搭便車的人也實在太多了 。。。
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