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Daily Archives: October 19, 2022
A book forged in hell: Spinoza’s scandalous treatise and the birth of the secular age
宗教信仰在西方社會己甚普遍,但批評者亦有不少;哲學史上對宗教、或神學予以批評/批判的更也不少。除了我們熟悉的Nietzsche 外,其中Baruch de Spinoza算是較為突出的一位 Spinoza的” Tractatus Theologico-Politicus《神學政治論》“於 1670 年問世時,被譴責為有史以來最危險的書——“無神論godless”、“充滿可憎之物full of abominations”、“一本由魔鬼本人在地獄中偽造的書……a book forged in hell . . . by the devil himself”。當時的宗教和世俗當局認為它是對信仰、社會和政治和諧以及日常道德的威脅,它的作者Spinoza 幾乎被普遍認為是一個試圖在整個歐洲傳播無神論的宗教顛覆者和政治激進分子。然而,Spinoza的書對現代自由、世俗和民主思想的貢獻不亞於《獨立宣言》或Thomas Paine的” Common Sense”。 Spinoza一位影響力跨越四世紀、為現代民主制度奠定基礎的哲學家,”Tractatus Theologico-Politicus《神學政治論》“一部最早為言論與思想自由辯護的劃時代之書。相較於十九世紀末藉‘’瘋子‘’之口說出「上帝已死」的Nietzsche,Spinoza的驚世駭俗程度似乎有過之而無不及! 身為歷史上最偉大的哲學家之一,Spinoza為何讓十七世紀的歐洲震驚不已,甚至年紀輕輕就遭所屬社群驅逐? 一本人稱「可憎之物」的書” Tractatus Theologico-Politicus《神學政治論》“,竟是西方思想史上不容忽視的一頁? 何以時至今日,Spinoza其人其書仍然具有重大意義? Spinoza與他顛覆歐洲的” Tractatus Theologico-Politicus“五大不可不知: 其一” Tractatus Theologico-Politicus “ … Continue reading
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