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Daily Archives: November 9, 2022
The Theorist’s Mother
Feminism有二個面向,“政治化的”女權主義與“文化上的”女性主義;然而無論中外文化我們都貶抑/忽視後者:母親/母性的角色,而更因為前者而打壓女性 Andrew Parker 是這一代主要的文學理論家和批評家之一,他將注意力轉向了典型男性批判理論家的生活和作品中的”母性痕跡traces of the maternal’,注意到母親是如何作為理論對象和主題消失的。Parker 主要關注marx和Freud 的遺產,他們獨特地限制他們的未來繼承人“回歸本源”每個創始人物的文本。Parker 分析了這些限制在Lukács 、Lacan和Derrida 等人的工作中的影響,認為返回的禁令將理論史轉變為一種系譜學形式,這意味著母親必須以某種方式參與這一過程,即使在馬克思主義中,她似乎完全不存在,或者如果她的貢獻被低估了,就像在精神分析中一樣。這位母親並沒有被邊緣化,而是在整本書中展示了自己本質上是多重的,因此從不簡單地說明她可能是誰或什麼理論。在一個挑釁性的結尾,Parker 考慮了理論中母親的麻煩將如何受到科學進步的追溯影響,這些進步使得不可能推測母親的性別。 ” The Theorist’s Mother”這本引人入勝且文筆優美的書對母性的影響與從Freud 開始的大量理論對父權的影響一樣。Parker 表明,‘男性理論經典’的許多成員已經制定了使母親消失的策略。他調查母親在哲學家生活中的角色以及母親在思想中的待遇,精明地圍繞著母親的問題,傳記經驗與理論表達的關係,以及權威的性質和功能。 Andrew Parker根據Marx和Freud的“與母性的麻煩關係’troubled relation to maternity’”(p 1)重讀了他們的著作,並根據這些重讀,對哲學與母性的麻煩關係提出了一些一般性的反思作為一個整體。Parker認為,母性是馬克思主義和精神分析的一個“特殊難題special conundrum”,這些話語“以其特殊的再現性條件而著稱”(p 111)。理論著作只有在與開國元勳Marx和Freud的著作保持適當關係的情況下才算作馬克斯主義或弗洛依德主義:馬克思主義者必須將他們的一些核心信念追溯到Marx, 弗洛依德主義者必須追溯到Freud。因此,與知識分子父親的關係是這些理論框架的一個組成特徵,已經在這些論述中構建了承認母性重要性的特殊困難。儘管如此,Parker發現母性在馬克斯主義和精神分析中扮演著隱蔽的組織角色。為了證明這一點,他提供了一系列錯綜複雜的解構重讀這些傳統中的作品。 在第 1 章“媽媽,安哥Mom, Encore”中,Parker發現了Lacan作品中隱藏的一種不尋常的母親。 Parker指出,Lacan在女性享樂——積極地增值並超出我們的理解——與總是渴望陽具的母親之間建立了對比,母親在精神分析理論中的地位已經確定。 Parker還討論了Lacan的觀點,即精神分析應該關注心理,而不是生物體。 生物的、物質的身體被排斥在Lacan精神分析之外——被排斥——一種使這種理論方法成為可能的構成性排斥。 然而,Parker爭辯說,由於Lacan對確保他的思想得到傳遞和復制的關注,物質身體的這種驅逐和女人/母親的對比都變得複雜了。 對於任何精神分析學家來說,思想的傳遞都是一個特殊的問題,因為分析不僅僅是理論學說的主體。要學習精神分析,一個人必須經歷並開始實踐它。這是必要的,因為根據精神分析學說本身,理論理解和生活經驗實際上是通過一個分析師或患者,就像我一直表現得好像他或她是我的母親一樣。由於生活經驗不可避免地不同於理論,分析師不能僅僅通過理論指導學生來傳遞他們的洞察力。在“The Four Fundamental Questions … Continue reading
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