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Daily Archives: November 14, 2022
Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism
美國中期選舉再次令人回想起Donald Trump 及其所扯起的一輪民粹主義思潮,而尤為令人注目的是Trump 那種“You are fired”的威權與民粹的結合特色。兩位政治哲學家Pippa Norris 及 Ronald Inglehart分析威權與民粹主義結合下如何影響政治與社會風氣。 威權民粹主義者擾亂了許多社會的政治,例如美國的唐納德·特朗普和英國的脫歐。威權民粹主義政黨在許多國家獲得選票和席位,並在奧地利、意大利、荷蘭、波蘭和瑞士等不同國家進入政府。 在整個歐洲,他們在議會選舉中的平均投票份額仍然有限,但自 1960 年代以來已經翻了一番多,他們的席位份額增加了兩倍。即使是小政黨仍然可以對政府施加巨大的“敲詐”壓力並改變政策議程,正如 UKIP 在催化英國退歐中的作用所證明的那樣。 危險在於,民粹主義削弱了公眾對自由民主合法性的信心,而威權主義則積極腐蝕其原則和實踐。 這本Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism書提出了一個一般理論,解釋了選民中社會自由主義者和社會保守主義者之間的文化分裂以及這些價值觀如何轉化為對美國和歐洲威權民粹主義政黨和領導人的支持的兩極分化。結論強調了這些發展對自由民主的危險,以及可以採取哪些措施來減輕風險。
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
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