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Daily Archives: February 15, 2023
Creation: How Science Is Reinventing Life Itself
我們探討人的世界時,何妨回過來從科學的角度看看生命本身?我們不妨想想:地球上生命的起源是什麼? 合成生物學時代的生命前景又如何? 這是當代生物學的兩個最大問題,也是推動 Adam Rutherford 書寫 ” Creation: How Science Is Reinventing Life Itself“ 一書的問題,本書分為兩部分,引人入勝且通俗易懂,回顧了活細胞的歷史和未來。 通過跨越顯微鏡的早期歷史到最近關於生物技術和基因組學監管的辯論的章節,Rutherford 講述了生命科學可能曾經和可能的複雜故事。解釋了我們現在如何從根本上超越進化的界限,並設計出全新的生物——從在牛奶中產生蜘蛛絲的山羊到分泌柴油的細菌,再到識別和摧毀癌細胞的基因迴路。 儘管其中一些創造聽起來很奇怪,但這種新的合成生物學正在幫助科學家們開發出根本性的解決方案,以應對世界上一些最緊迫的危機——從糧食短缺到流行病再到氣候變化——並為曾經被歸類為人類的發明鋪平道路科幻小說。與此同時,這些進展正在揭開最大的謎團——生命是如何開始的? 我們知道,地球上的每一種生物都來自一個細胞,在 40 億年前誕生。 隨著我們越來越了解連接所有生物的古老根源,我們可能最終能夠實現第二次創世紀——在以前不存在的地方創造新生命。創造帶我們踏上了 40 億年的旅程——從最初的細胞到塑造地球未來的突破性生物發明。 一個多世紀以來,起源和後代這兩個難題在生命科學中一直緊密相連。 在像 Jacques Loeb 這樣的工程師生物學家的工作中——他在 20 世紀初試圖通過操縱海膽卵來創造“人造生命”——工程學是一種用於更好地理解生物學的實驗工具。 對於勒布來說,工程學可以用來檢驗生物學理論的有效性:“只要通過物理或化學方法成功地明確控製或用非生命材料在所有細節上重複,就可以提供任何單一生命現象的可解釋性的證據 ” 這種情緒在今天的合成生物學中隨處可見, Richard Feynman 的名言經常被引用:“我無法創造的東西,我不明白。” 不幸的是,雖然 Rutherford 在第二部分“The … Continue reading
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