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Daily Archives: March 2, 2023
Food Systems Failure: The Global Food Crisis and the Future of Agriculture
現時有些人大魚大肉,但世界上饑餓的人仍然多不勝數。糧食失衡,甚至短缺已是明顯的事實。但大多數人却不知或不承認而已。“Food Systems Failure: The Global Food Crisis and the Future of Agriculture” 是一本雄心勃勃的書,對理解全球糧食系統失敗的根本原因做出了重要貢獻。 它還提供了一些關於如何解決這些故障的初步見解。 本書匯集了 2009 年首次在 Otago Foreign Policy School 發表的各種論文集,這些論文以 2006 年至 2008 年的全球糧食危機為視角,審視糧食生產的社會、道德和環境景觀。 這本書的關鍵信息是廉價食品和將食品純粹視為商品的想法是一個問題。 然而,這並不簡單。 本書主要從生產方面有效地強調了問題的複雜性和規模,並指出現狀已被打破、道德淪喪和思想失靈。 它提供了一個引人注目的替代方案,專注於食品質量,作為通往更公正和可持續食品系統的途徑。 本書的第一部分概述了“一切照舊”模式為何行不通的原因。 它描述了對農業集約化、專業化、貿易自由化、商品化和對科學技術的過度依賴的關注如何導致了一個讓世界飢餓、不平等並產生重大環境後果的糧食系統。 通過審視現有糧食系統治理的挑戰(第二章)、糧食援助的失敗(第三章)、貿易自由化的影響(第四章)、商品化和生物燃料的作用(第五章)、 將食物視為一項人權(第六章)、過度消費和消費不足的普遍存在(第七章)以及對烏托邦式替代方案的想像(第八章),本書的這一部分對全球食物提出了精彩而多樣的批評系統。 綜上所述,這些章節表明,2006-2008 年糧食危機的根源在於全球糧食體系以犧牲糧食生產者、糧食質量和糧食安全為代價,為農產品的大規模生產者提供特權。 本書的第二部分通過全球各地的具體案例研究審視了新自由主義農業在實地的影響。 這些章節都說明了全球糧食危機在特定地方的具體結果如何導致干預措施為抵抗開闢了空間。 第九章和第十章強調了宏觀層面的干預措施,從明確揭示澳大利亞高科技農業與環境退化之間的聯繫所產生的阻力,到支持印度尼西亞糧食安全和自給自足的直接政府干預。 本節的其餘部分突出了生產者導向阻力的例子,首先是農民通過保護南美洲的小規模農業系統和景觀對出口導向型農業的反應(第 … Continue reading
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