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Daily Archives: March 7, 2023
Democracy in Iran: History and the Quest for Liberty
從凌晨十一時五十一分,特區政府發文反駁聯合國經濟、社會與文化權利委員會(UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) 就香港特區根據《經濟、社會與文化權利的國際公約》(《公約》)提交第四次報告,到伊朗學生中毒事件。世界威權/極權對民主的威脅日益嚴重。 在今天,伊朗再次成為頭條新聞。 伊拉克的鄰國以發展核武器而著稱,其未來對於該地區的穩定和國際社會的安全來說都是一個令人嚴重關切的問題。 喬治·W·布什總統將其稱為“邪惡軸心”的一部分,並抨擊該國的專制領導層。 然而,當布什鼓吹民主在整個中東地區的傳播時,很少有人注意到伊朗是該地區民主歷史最悠久的國家之一。 在這本“Democracy in Iran: History and the Quest for Liberty”書中,Ali Gheissari 和 Vali Nasr 審視了現代伊朗的政治歷史,並對民主在那裡蓬勃發展的前景進行了深入分析。 在發起了唯一一次成功的伊斯蘭主義對國家的挑戰、一場革命和一個伊斯蘭共和國之後,伊朗現在準備在穆斯林世界發起一場真正的本土民主運動。 作者認為,伊朗的民主既不是突然發展起來的,也不是西方進口的。 今天伊朗的民主概念可能看起來是對威權主義的反應,但它是一個有著複雜歷史的古老觀念,與塑造伊朗社會和政治、制度、身份和利益的主要力量緊密交織在一起 . 事實上,一個世紀前的卡扎爾王朝末期,對民主的需求首先在伊朗浮出水面,並幫助伊朗在 1906 年出台了出人意料的自由主義第一部憲法。 作者試圖理解為什麼民主未能紮根並在獨裁統治下再次出現失地 :伊朗國家。 為什麼 1960 年代和 70 … Continue reading
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