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Daily Archives: March 18, 2023
Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong
道德錯誤理論 Moral error theory 由兩部分組成: 否認客觀價值的存在,而我們試圖主張參考這些客觀價值。 道德,正如人們普遍認為的那樣,是一種錯覺;然而,它對於社會和個人的繁榮都是必不可少的。這些是 J. L. Mackie 的倫理學,發明是非的主要論點,一個關於地位,另一個關於道德的內容。在第 1 部分中,通過對更標準的後設/元倫理學 meta-ethics票價的更多新鮮、有用的輔助討論——規範術語的含義和道德論證的分析——Mackie 認為普通人的道德不是人們通常認為的道德,揭示了一個客觀價值的境界。他毫不掩飾自己的經驗主義主張,這樣的價值觀在本體論上太古怪以至於不存在,在認識論上太陌生以至於不為人知。他們也不需要解釋常識道德的似是而非的客觀性,因為存在“客觀化模式”,可以用較少的哲學奢侈來解釋主體的主觀態度如何變得客觀化。儘管 Mackie 確實認為一個人的道德原則是規定性的、普遍的,並且在某種意義上是經過選擇的,但他的懷疑並不是語言分析的結果。相反。 “ 普通道德判斷包括對客觀性的主張……任何忽略對客觀性、內在性和規定性的主張的道德術語的含義分析在某種程度上都是不完整的;任何非認知分析都是如此,以及兩者的任何組合”。 1977 年,無神論哲學家 J. L. Mackie 出版了 “ Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong” 一書。 在其中,他特別指出客觀的道德標準根本不存在。 他承認上帝的存在會削弱道德懷疑主義,但他採取無神論立場,因此得出結論,客觀道德是一種智力上的不一致。 因此,辯論不取決於上帝的存在,而是取決於倫理是否是一種客觀現實,而不以上帝為基礎。其中 J. L. Mackie 不認為所有實質性的道德主張都是錯誤的,而允許其中適當的子集是正確的。Mackie 在質疑是否有可能斷言道德陳述或在不預設客觀價值的情況下做出道德判斷。這是因為他不需要在這件事上表態。 Mackie … Continue reading
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