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Daily Archives: March 27, 2023
Choosing children: genes, disability, and design
身體不適不期然令人遐想,在現今科技發展下,我們能否在根源上,在出生前選擇好優秀的基因?2002年,一對聾啞夫婦利用遺傳性耳聾朋友捐獻的精子生下了一個耳聾嬰兒:他們認為耳聾不是殘疾,而是一種差異。 Jonathan Glover 從這個案例提出的問題入手,審視了“優生學”的情感理念,以及出於非醫學原因,通過基因選擇來增強人類的倫理道德。 父母是否應該自由,不僅讓孩子沒有殘疾,而且可以選擇,例如,他們眼睛或頭髮的顏色? 這不再是遙不可及的前景,而是我們無法希望消失的現有力量。 這些干預措施會對相關個人和整個社會產生什麼影響? 父母當然應該為他們的孩子提供最好的生活嗎? 我們越來越能夠減少出生時患有殘疾和疾病的嬰兒的數量。 但是,對於這樣做的可取性的傳統思維有一個強大的新挑戰:這來自那些有這些條件的人的聲音。 他們質疑殘疾的定義。 我們如何證明試圖避免讓像他們這樣的人成為現實? 基因和生殖技術的進步現在為我們提供了選擇我們要和不要什麼樣的孩子的可能性。 我們應該歡迎這種力量,還是應該害怕它的影響? 沒有比這更緊迫的倫理問題了:我們可能正處於人類歷史的轉折點。著名的道德哲學家 Jonathan Glover 在 Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics 的一系列講座中濃縮了這本薄薄的書,探討了與這種決策能力相關的權利和責任這一複雜主題。向我們展示了我們可以如何嘗試回答這個問題,以及它所導致的其他發人深省和令人不安的問題。 我們應該嘗試對人類的基因構成進行全面改進嗎? 有沒有我們不能干涉的人性核心?這本精美清晰的書 Choosing children: genes, disability, and design是為所有關心父母為孩子做出的選擇的對錯,所有關心我們人類未來的人而寫的。 Glover 以一種有爭議但始終人道和同情的方式處理這些令人不安的問題。 作為一個以“進步 progress”為導向的社會的成員,我們越來越多地面臨著關於我們孩子的選擇。我們的選擇不再局限於是否或何時要孩子;在這個生物技術時代,眼光敏銳的準父母現在可以決定我們要不要生什麼樣的孩子。“Choosing children” 試圖在保持學術標準的同時保持可及性,同時讓生活更美好。然而,Glover 提出的道德推理是否真的讓生活更美好,尤其是對殘疾人來說。 … Continue reading
Posted in 思一瓢酌 Thinking, 讀一瓢酌 Read
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