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Daily Archives: April 5, 2023
Leisure: The Basis of Culture
Alan Watts 在 1970 年觀察到:“我們對快樂的期待和衝上前去迎接它們的熱情如此強烈,以至於當它們來臨時,我們無法放慢腳步去享受它們,” 他恰當地宣稱我們是 “一個長期遭受失望的文明。”。 兩千年前,Aristotle 斷言:“這是一個主要問題,一個人的閒暇時間是用什麼活動填滿的。” 今天,在我們的生產力拜物教文化中,我們已經屈服於“工作/生活平衡 work/life balance” 的專制觀念,並開始認為 “休閒” 的概念本身對人類精神來說並不是必不可少的,而是一種自我放縱的奢侈, 為懶惰者保留的特權或可悲的懶惰。 然而,Aristotle 時代和我們這個時代之間最重要的人類成就——我們最偉大的藝術、最持久的哲學思想、每一次技術突破的火花——都起源於休閒,起源於無負擔的沉思時刻,起源於一個人對宇宙的絕對存在 無論是伽利略在觀看了大教堂的鐘擺擺動後發明了現代計時系統,還是 Oliver Sacks 在挪威峽灣徒步旅行時闡明了音樂對心靈的不可思議的影響。 那麼,我們是如何在培養休閒文化的問題上如此矛盾的呢? 1948 年,也就是 “工作狂 workaholic” 一詞在加拿大被創造僅一年後,也就是美國職業顧問發出第一個集中的反文化號角呼籲重新思考工作的前一年,德國哲學家 Josef Pieper(1904 年 5 月 4 日 – 1997 年 11 月 … Continue reading
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Leisure: The Basis of Culture
適逢假日,讓我們來思考閒暇。在 “Leisure: The Basis of Culture” 上,已故德國哲學家 Josef Pieper 主張以休閒為基礎的人類繁榮願景。 根據 Pieper 的說法,正確理解休閒將恢復基督教文化。 通過閒暇,人可以將他的心、靈魂和思想歸還給基督,並給予他應得的:適當的敬拜。 “Leisure” 最初是 Pieper 在 1947 年第二次世界大戰後發表的一系列講座。 Pieper 說,當時,關於是否按照西方傳統重建戰後社會的決定“懸而未決”。 他那個時代的歐洲人會接受他們的基督教遺產,並在最好的希臘和經院思想家的肩膀上重建社會嗎? Pieper 對文化懸崖邊緣的回答是重置。 西方文明通過“在歐洲傳統中建造我們的房子”,其基礎是 Aristotle 和 Aquinas。 然而,對於 Pieper 來說,基督教世界的復興首先需要人心的復興。 在他的心目中,Pieper 將休閒放在了最重要的位置。 這怎麼可能? 那時肯定沒有閒暇時間。 第二次世界大戰之後,似乎只有時間來收拾破碎社會的碎片。 因此,要理解 Pieper 的論點,我們必須給閒暇下個定義,而事實證明,閒暇是一個棘手的詞。 在某些方面,通過定義閒暇不是什麼來理解休閒是有用的。 閒暇不是無所事事。 … Continue reading
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